This document analyzes the impact of extreme weather shocks on regional trade flows in COMESA and ECOWAS countries using panel data methods. It finds that biophysical variables like rainfall, temperature, and NDVI are strongly correlated with agricultural production and net exports. When controlling for production, these variables remain excellent predictors of trade flows. The analysis also finds historical evidence that deficit and surplus rainfall areas often co-exist regionally, indicating potential to mitigate production losses through trade. Overall, the results suggest climate variables are key for agriculture and resilience can be enhanced by facilitating intra-regional trade of surpluses from good rainfall areas to deficits.
"Annual Trends and Outlook Report 2013: Trade and Resilience" presented by Ousmane Badiane at 10th CAADP PP Meeting Durban, South Africa March 19-21, 2014
Stella Massawe, Joseph Karugia & Paul Guthiga presented data on the agricultural productivity of COMESA at a knowledge sharing seminar held on February 6th, 2013 at the COMESA Secretariat in Lusaka, Zambia
"Sustaining CAADP Momentum: Growth and Investment Analysis" presented by Godfrey Bahiigwa at 10th CAADP PP Meeting Durban, South Africa March 19-21, 2014
"OVERVIEW OF THE 2013 AFRICA-WIDE ANNUAL TRENDS AND OUTLOOK REPORT (ATOR): Promoting Agricultural Trade to Enhance Resilience", presented by Ousmane Badiane, Director for Africa, IFPRI, USA at 2014 ReSAKSS Annual Conference, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, Oct 8, 2014
The Brussels Development Briefing no. 48 on “Strengthening rural livelihoods in the face of rapid urbanisation in Africa” took place on 20th March 2017 from 14:00 to 18:00, at the ACP Secretariat (Avenue Georges Henri 451, 1200 Brussels, Room C). This Briefing was co-organised by CTA, BMZ/GIZ, the ACP Secretariat, European Commission (DG DEVCO) and Concord
The Brussels Development Briefing n.47 on the subject of “Regional Trade in Africa: Drivers, Trends and Opportunities” took place on 3rd February 2017 in Brussels at the ACP Secretariat (Avenue Georges Henri 451, 1200 Brussels) from 09:00 to 13:00. This Briefing was organised by the ACP-EU Technical Centre for Agricultural and Rural Cooperation (CTA), in collaboration with IFPRI, the European Commission / DEVCO, the ACP Secretariat, and CONCORD .
Channing Arndt
COUNTRY WORKSHOP
The Knowledge Lab on Climate Resilient Food Systems: An analytical support facility to achieve the SDGs
Co-Organized by IFPRI and AGRA
FEB 7, 2019 - 08:30 AM TO 05:55 PM EAT
"Annual Trends and Outlook Report 2013: Trade and Resilience" presented by Ousmane Badiane at 10th CAADP PP Meeting Durban, South Africa March 19-21, 2014
Stella Massawe, Joseph Karugia & Paul Guthiga presented data on the agricultural productivity of COMESA at a knowledge sharing seminar held on February 6th, 2013 at the COMESA Secretariat in Lusaka, Zambia
"Sustaining CAADP Momentum: Growth and Investment Analysis" presented by Godfrey Bahiigwa at 10th CAADP PP Meeting Durban, South Africa March 19-21, 2014
"OVERVIEW OF THE 2013 AFRICA-WIDE ANNUAL TRENDS AND OUTLOOK REPORT (ATOR): Promoting Agricultural Trade to Enhance Resilience", presented by Ousmane Badiane, Director for Africa, IFPRI, USA at 2014 ReSAKSS Annual Conference, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, Oct 8, 2014
The Brussels Development Briefing no. 48 on “Strengthening rural livelihoods in the face of rapid urbanisation in Africa” took place on 20th March 2017 from 14:00 to 18:00, at the ACP Secretariat (Avenue Georges Henri 451, 1200 Brussels, Room C). This Briefing was co-organised by CTA, BMZ/GIZ, the ACP Secretariat, European Commission (DG DEVCO) and Concord
The Brussels Development Briefing n.47 on the subject of “Regional Trade in Africa: Drivers, Trends and Opportunities” took place on 3rd February 2017 in Brussels at the ACP Secretariat (Avenue Georges Henri 451, 1200 Brussels) from 09:00 to 13:00. This Briefing was organised by the ACP-EU Technical Centre for Agricultural and Rural Cooperation (CTA), in collaboration with IFPRI, the European Commission / DEVCO, the ACP Secretariat, and CONCORD .
Channing Arndt
COUNTRY WORKSHOP
The Knowledge Lab on Climate Resilient Food Systems: An analytical support facility to achieve the SDGs
Co-Organized by IFPRI and AGRA
FEB 7, 2019 - 08:30 AM TO 05:55 PM EAT
Presentation of the 2021 Africa Agriculture Trade Monitor, September 10, AGRF...AKADEMIYA2063
African countries have diversified both their exports and trade partners over the last decade, African agricultural trade still suffers from structural problems as well as exogenous shocks. Against this backdrop, the 2021 Africa Agriculture Trade Monitor (AATM) analyzes continental and regional trends in African agricultural trade flows and policies. The report finds that many African countries continue to enjoy the most success in global markets with cash crops and niche products. At the intra-African level, countries are becoming more interconnected in trade of key commodities, but there remain many potential but unexploited trade relationships. The report examines the livestock sector in detail, finding that despite its important role in Africa, the sector is concentrated in low value- added products that are informally traded. The report also examines trade integration in the Arab Maghreb Union (AMU), which remains limited due to factors including tariffs, nontariff measures, poor transport infrastructure, and weak institutions. Finally, the report discusses the implications of two major events affecting African trade in 2020 and 2021: the COVID-19 pandemic and the implementation of the African Continental Free Trade Area (AfCFTA).
In order to maximise the benefits of regional integration and look for new opportunities for competitiveness, policymakers, the private sector and development partners need access to accurate and comprehensive data on intra and inter-regional trade in Africa with respect to agricultural goods. It is in this context that CTA and the International Food Policy Research Institute (IFPRI) are launching the “African Agricultural Trade Status Report”, which examines the current status, trends and outlook in African trade performance, making an important contribution towards data and analysis of developments both at regional and at continental levels. The Report, which is released in conjunction with the Briefing, builds on the work by the Regional Strategic Analysis and Knowledge Support System (ReSAKSS) of CAADP and the African Growth and Development Policy Modeling Consortium (AGRODEP) trade and also reflects the CTA’s commitment to advancing knowledge and sharing of best practices relating to agricultural trade.
The Brussels Development Briefing n.47 on the subject of “Regional Trade in Africa: Drivers, Trends and Opportunities” took place on 3rd February 2017 in Brussels at the ACP Secretariat (Avenue Georges Henri 451, 1200 Brussels) from 09:00 to 13:00. This Briefing was organised by the ACP-EU Technical Centre for Agricultural and Rural Cooperation (CTA), in collaboration with IFPRI, the European Commission / DEVCO, the ACP Secretariat, and CONCORD .
2020 ReSAKSS Annual Conference - Plenary Session V Enabling Environment for T...AKADEMIYA2063
Presentation on "The Competitiveness of African agriculture: Revisiting trade policy reform in Africa" by Antoine Bouet, Senior Research Fellow IFPRI-MTID
In order to maximise the benefits of regional integration and look for new opportunities for competitiveness, policymakers, the private sector and development partners need access to accurate and comprehensive data on intra and inter-regional trade in Africa with respect to agricultural goods. It is in this context that CTA and the International Food Policy Research Institute (IFPRI) are launching the “African Agricultural Trade Status Report”, which examines the current status, trends and outlook in African trade performance, making an important contribution towards data and analysis of developments both at regional and at continental levels. The Report, which is released in conjunction with the Briefing, builds on the work by the Regional Strategic Analysis and Knowledge Support System (ReSAKSS) of CAADP and the African Growth and Development Policy Modeling Consortium (AGRODEP) trade and also reflects the CTA’s commitment to advancing knowledge and sharing of best practices relating to agricultural trade.
The Brussels Development Briefing n.47 on the subject of “Regional Trade in Africa: Drivers, Trends and Opportunities” took place on 3rd February 2017 in Brussels at the ACP Secretariat (Avenue Georges Henri 451, 1200 Brussels) from 09:00 to 13:00. This Briefing was organised by the ACP-EU Technical Centre for Agricultural and Rural Cooperation (CTA), in collaboration with IFPRI, the European Commission / DEVCO, the ACP Secretariat, and CONCORD .
The Effects of COVID-19 on Dietary Adequacy and the Role of Markets and Trade...AKADEMIYA2063
This AKADEMIYA2063-USAID learning event is the first in a series of cross-mission policy learning events. It focuses on findings from AKADEMIYA2063 workstreams related to diets, markets and trade.
This presentation highlighted provisional figures of the analysis of the market situation in the Sahel and West Africa, including provisional results of cereal, tuber and roots productions by country and a focus on the pastoral situation and the nutritional status. It also includes a series of recommendations. It was presented by Sy Martial Traoré, CILSS/AGRHYMET at the 35th RPCA annual meeting on 9 December 2019 in Paris.
IFPRI South Asia researchers Devesh Roy, Ruchira Boss, Mamata Pradhan and Manmeet Ajmani presented ‘Understanding the landscape of pulse policy in India and implications for trade’ to the Global Pulse Federation. The paper examines Indian policy around production, consumption and trade. The need for pulse trade policy in India to be supportive of Domestic priorities focused on serving interest of both India’s farmers and consumers.
as part of the IFPRI-Egypt Seminar Series- funded by the United States Agency for International Development (USAID) project called “Evaluating Impact and Building Capacity” (EIBC) that is implemented by IFPRI.
as part of the IFPRI-Egypt Seminar Series- funded by the United States Agency for International Development (USAID) project called “Evaluating Impact and Building Capacity” (EIBC) that is implemented by IFPRI.
Résultats prévisionnels de la campagne agropastorale 2021-22 au Sahel et en Afrique de l'Ouest et situation des marchés ouest-africains, présentation par SY Martial Traoré.
Borderless Alliance: promoting regional economic integration and the free mov...Ziad Hamoui
Borderless Alliance is a private sector led advocacy platform and member association established in 2011 to
address the barriers affecting regional trade. Borderless Alliance uses evidence based advocacy to promote
the vision of free trade for producers, importers, exporters, and financial institutions in West Africa.
MENA Economic Development Outlook 2008, World Bank ReportPARIS
Growth of output was 5.7 percent in the Middle East and North Africa (MENA) region during 2007, marking the fifth year in a row that average growth was above 5 percent. While this is impressive in relation to past performance, it is lower than growth achieved in most other parts of the developing world.
To keep up in an increasingly competitive global environment, the region must continue toundertake structural reforms affecting such areas as business climate, trade policy and governance.
The thematic focus of this year’s report is intra-regional integration. This is viewed not just as a set of preferential trade agreements but also as a means to foster the flow of labor, capital and investment.
The report suggests the adoption of a paradigm of open regionalism in which regional preferences would be used as stepping stones towards greater integration with the global economy.
Presentation of the 2021 Africa Agriculture Trade Monitor, September 10, AGRF...AKADEMIYA2063
African countries have diversified both their exports and trade partners over the last decade, African agricultural trade still suffers from structural problems as well as exogenous shocks. Against this backdrop, the 2021 Africa Agriculture Trade Monitor (AATM) analyzes continental and regional trends in African agricultural trade flows and policies. The report finds that many African countries continue to enjoy the most success in global markets with cash crops and niche products. At the intra-African level, countries are becoming more interconnected in trade of key commodities, but there remain many potential but unexploited trade relationships. The report examines the livestock sector in detail, finding that despite its important role in Africa, the sector is concentrated in low value- added products that are informally traded. The report also examines trade integration in the Arab Maghreb Union (AMU), which remains limited due to factors including tariffs, nontariff measures, poor transport infrastructure, and weak institutions. Finally, the report discusses the implications of two major events affecting African trade in 2020 and 2021: the COVID-19 pandemic and the implementation of the African Continental Free Trade Area (AfCFTA).
In order to maximise the benefits of regional integration and look for new opportunities for competitiveness, policymakers, the private sector and development partners need access to accurate and comprehensive data on intra and inter-regional trade in Africa with respect to agricultural goods. It is in this context that CTA and the International Food Policy Research Institute (IFPRI) are launching the “African Agricultural Trade Status Report”, which examines the current status, trends and outlook in African trade performance, making an important contribution towards data and analysis of developments both at regional and at continental levels. The Report, which is released in conjunction with the Briefing, builds on the work by the Regional Strategic Analysis and Knowledge Support System (ReSAKSS) of CAADP and the African Growth and Development Policy Modeling Consortium (AGRODEP) trade and also reflects the CTA’s commitment to advancing knowledge and sharing of best practices relating to agricultural trade.
The Brussels Development Briefing n.47 on the subject of “Regional Trade in Africa: Drivers, Trends and Opportunities” took place on 3rd February 2017 in Brussels at the ACP Secretariat (Avenue Georges Henri 451, 1200 Brussels) from 09:00 to 13:00. This Briefing was organised by the ACP-EU Technical Centre for Agricultural and Rural Cooperation (CTA), in collaboration with IFPRI, the European Commission / DEVCO, the ACP Secretariat, and CONCORD .
2020 ReSAKSS Annual Conference - Plenary Session V Enabling Environment for T...AKADEMIYA2063
Presentation on "The Competitiveness of African agriculture: Revisiting trade policy reform in Africa" by Antoine Bouet, Senior Research Fellow IFPRI-MTID
In order to maximise the benefits of regional integration and look for new opportunities for competitiveness, policymakers, the private sector and development partners need access to accurate and comprehensive data on intra and inter-regional trade in Africa with respect to agricultural goods. It is in this context that CTA and the International Food Policy Research Institute (IFPRI) are launching the “African Agricultural Trade Status Report”, which examines the current status, trends and outlook in African trade performance, making an important contribution towards data and analysis of developments both at regional and at continental levels. The Report, which is released in conjunction with the Briefing, builds on the work by the Regional Strategic Analysis and Knowledge Support System (ReSAKSS) of CAADP and the African Growth and Development Policy Modeling Consortium (AGRODEP) trade and also reflects the CTA’s commitment to advancing knowledge and sharing of best practices relating to agricultural trade.
The Brussels Development Briefing n.47 on the subject of “Regional Trade in Africa: Drivers, Trends and Opportunities” took place on 3rd February 2017 in Brussels at the ACP Secretariat (Avenue Georges Henri 451, 1200 Brussels) from 09:00 to 13:00. This Briefing was organised by the ACP-EU Technical Centre for Agricultural and Rural Cooperation (CTA), in collaboration with IFPRI, the European Commission / DEVCO, the ACP Secretariat, and CONCORD .
The Effects of COVID-19 on Dietary Adequacy and the Role of Markets and Trade...AKADEMIYA2063
This AKADEMIYA2063-USAID learning event is the first in a series of cross-mission policy learning events. It focuses on findings from AKADEMIYA2063 workstreams related to diets, markets and trade.
This presentation highlighted provisional figures of the analysis of the market situation in the Sahel and West Africa, including provisional results of cereal, tuber and roots productions by country and a focus on the pastoral situation and the nutritional status. It also includes a series of recommendations. It was presented by Sy Martial Traoré, CILSS/AGRHYMET at the 35th RPCA annual meeting on 9 December 2019 in Paris.
IFPRI South Asia researchers Devesh Roy, Ruchira Boss, Mamata Pradhan and Manmeet Ajmani presented ‘Understanding the landscape of pulse policy in India and implications for trade’ to the Global Pulse Federation. The paper examines Indian policy around production, consumption and trade. The need for pulse trade policy in India to be supportive of Domestic priorities focused on serving interest of both India’s farmers and consumers.
as part of the IFPRI-Egypt Seminar Series- funded by the United States Agency for International Development (USAID) project called “Evaluating Impact and Building Capacity” (EIBC) that is implemented by IFPRI.
as part of the IFPRI-Egypt Seminar Series- funded by the United States Agency for International Development (USAID) project called “Evaluating Impact and Building Capacity” (EIBC) that is implemented by IFPRI.
Résultats prévisionnels de la campagne agropastorale 2021-22 au Sahel et en Afrique de l'Ouest et situation des marchés ouest-africains, présentation par SY Martial Traoré.
Borderless Alliance: promoting regional economic integration and the free mov...Ziad Hamoui
Borderless Alliance is a private sector led advocacy platform and member association established in 2011 to
address the barriers affecting regional trade. Borderless Alliance uses evidence based advocacy to promote
the vision of free trade for producers, importers, exporters, and financial institutions in West Africa.
MENA Economic Development Outlook 2008, World Bank ReportPARIS
Growth of output was 5.7 percent in the Middle East and North Africa (MENA) region during 2007, marking the fifth year in a row that average growth was above 5 percent. While this is impressive in relation to past performance, it is lower than growth achieved in most other parts of the developing world.
To keep up in an increasingly competitive global environment, the region must continue toundertake structural reforms affecting such areas as business climate, trade policy and governance.
The thematic focus of this year’s report is intra-regional integration. This is viewed not just as a set of preferential trade agreements but also as a means to foster the flow of labor, capital and investment.
The report suggests the adoption of a paradigm of open regionalism in which regional preferences would be used as stepping stones towards greater integration with the global economy.
Alan Nicol - Institutions and convergence: Initial thoughts on river basins a...STEPS Centre
Presentation at the STEPS Conference 2010 - Pathways to Sustainability: Agendas for a new politics of environment, development and social justice
http://www.steps-centre.org/events/stepsconference2010.html
Advocacy as a tool for regional integration, final, ziad hamouiZiad Hamoui
the Borderless Alliance has recently contributed its experience in advocacy from West Africa at one of Africa's largest logistics conferences, "Smart Procurement World 2014", which took place in South Africa on September 10-11 at the Gallagher Conference Center.
Regional Economic Integration (REI) refers to the commercial policy of discriminatively reducing or eliminating trade barriers only between the states joining together.
Regional economic groups eliminate or reduce trade tariffs (and other trade barriers) among the Partner States while maintaining tariffs or barriers for the rest of the world (non-member countries).
Geographical proximity, cultural, historical, and ideological similarities, competitive or complementary economic linkages, and a common language among the Partner States are importantly required for effective economic integration.
Regional economic integration in Africa traces back to 1910 with the formation of Southern African Customs Union (SACU) by the countries of Botswana, Lesotho, Namibia, Swaziland and South Africa. Other main economic arrangements include East African Community (EAC), Southern African Development Community (SADC), the Economic Community of Central African States (ECCAS), Economic Community of West African States (ECOWAS), the Common Market for Eastern and Southern Africa (COMESA), Arab Maghreb Union (AMU) etc. Also there is the planned African Economic Community, whose treaty was signed in 1991 (the Abuja Treaty) and it is expected by 2025. All these efforts are aimed at unifying Africa, but, there has been limited success due to the various problems which the region is facing including the internal civil wars.
Regional economic integration in Africa has not been so effective and it faces some challenges including overlapping memberships due to the multiplicity of its economic communities.
The similarity and smallness of the African countries together with the competition between each other in the global market for the same products are some of the reasons responsible for the past lack of success in the economic integration in the continent.
Several attempts of regional economic integration in Africa have been put into place over time, however they have been ineffective in promoting trade and attracting Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) in the continent.
Relatively high external trade barriers and low resource complementarity between Partner States limit internal and external regional trade.
Small market size, poor transport facilities and high trading costs make it difficult for African countries to reap the potential benefits of economic integration.
This document list and briefly describe SOME key terms and concept that are important for students sitting the CSEC Social Studies exam to know and understand. It is by no means exhausted and additional terms can be loaded to compliment this one.
Simulating Optimal future land use in the Nordic areaDaniel Sandars
Presented at: TradeM International Workshop
Hurdal (near Oslo) Norway - 25-27 November 2014
25-27 November 2014, Hurdal (near Oslo), Norway Economics of integrated assessment approaches for agriculture and the food sector
The LiveM theme of the FACCE-JPI MACSUR Knowledge Hub brings together 30 institutes from 14 European countries with expertise in a diverse range of disciplines, from grassland and farm-scale modelling through to livestock disease and health research.
Climate change, food security, and agricultural production interact in complex ways. A major challenge for scientists is to understand and assess the biological, economic, and ecological interdependencies in the context of climate change and food security. More and better knowledge is necessary to aid politicians, stakeholders and farmers in their decisions.
The event has four major goals:
• to critically discuss the state-of-the-art and future perspectives of integrated assessment approaches
• to study and assess examples of applied modelling approaches integrating crop, livestock, and economic models
• to foster international collaboration in the research areas of food security, climate change, and agrosystem modelling
• to plan and identify next steps to achieve TradeM contributions to MACSUR goals
Keynote-speaker: John Antle (Oregon State University), and co-leader of the Economics Team of AgMIP
"Pakistan Increasing Agricultural Productivity for Inclusive Growth", presented by
Madhur Gautam, the Lead Economist Agriculture and Rural Development, South Asia Region at The World Bank
Presented at DSGD Pakistan Strategy Support Program
Brown Bag Panel Discussion “Addressing the Needs for Sustained and Rapid Agriculture Sector Growth in Pakistan”, Oct 22, 2014
Integrated agricultural system, migration, and social protection strategies t...ILRI
Presented by Bradford Mills (Virginia Tech), Genti Kostandini (University of Georgia), Anthony Murray (Economic Research Service, USDA), Jiangfeng Gao (Virginia Tech), Joseph Rusike (AGRA), Steven Omamo, Zhe Guo and Jawoo Koo (IFPRI) at the Livestock Systems and Environment (LSE) Seminar, ILRI, Nairobi, 28 January 2015
A one-day Strategic Foresight Conference took place at IFPRI Headquarters in Washington DC on November 7, 2014. Participants from leading global modeling groups, collaborating CGIAR centers and research programs, and other partners reviewed new long-term projections for global agriculture from IFPRI and other leading institutions, examined the potential impacts of climate change and other key challenges, and discussed the role of foresight work in identifying and supporting promising solutions.
Topics included:
Long-term outlook and challenges for food & agriculture
Addressing the challenges
Foresight in the CGIAR
Webcast video of morning sessions available on Global Futures program website here: http://globalfutures.cgiar.org/2014/11/03/global-futures-strategic-foresight-conference/
Mekong ARCC – Final Workshop – Agriculture Study
A presentation from the International Centre for Environmental Management (ICEM)
> Further information: www.icem.com.au
This presentation for the Mekong ARCC project was given by ICEM’s personnel and consultants Olivier Joffre, Dang Kieu Nhan, Bun Chantrea and Jorma Koponen at the Final Workshop in Bangkok – held in March 2013.
The presentation highlights the findings from the Climate Change Impact and Vulnerability Assessment on the agriculture sector in the Lower Mekong Basin. It presents changes in basin-wide crop suitability, changes in hot spot crop yields and provides a vulnerability assessment for key crops in hot spots. The land use suitability evaluation tool (LUSET) was used to evaluate the suitability of specific land units for a range of crops. For each location suitability is based on climatological characteristics such as rainfall, drought and temperature, and each crop has its special requirements which are affected positively or negatively by climate change.
> Read more about Mekong ARCC on the ICEM website www.icem.com.au
A presentation by Dr. Benjamin Davis, Director, Inclusive Rural Transformation and Gender Equality Division, Food and Agriculture
Organization of the United Nations (FAO)
A presentation by Dr. John Ulimwengu, ReSAKSS Africawide Coordinator, Senior Research Fellow, Africa Region, International
Food Policy Research Institute (IFPRI)
#2021ReSAKSS - Plenary Session I – presentation by Dr. Eliane Ubalijoro, Executive Director, Sustainability in The Digital Age, Global Hub Director, Canada, Future
Earth, and Co-editor of the 2021 Annual Trends and Outlook Report (ATOR)
African countries have diversified both their exports and trade partners over the last decade, African agricultural trade still suffers from structural problems as well as exogenous shocks. Against this backdrop, the 2021 Africa Agriculture Trade Monitor (AATM) analyzes continental and regional trends in African agricultural trade flows and policies. The report finds that many African countries continue to enjoy the most success in global markets with cash crops and niche products. At the intra-African level, countries are becoming more interconnected in trade of key commodities, but there remain many potential but unexploited trade relationships. The report examines the livestock sector in detail, finding that despite its important role in Africa, the sector is concentrated in low value- added products that are informally traded. The report also examines trade integration in the Arab Maghreb Union (AMU), which remains limited due to factors including tariffs, nontariff measures, poor transport infrastructure, and weak institutions. Finally, the report discusses the implications of two major events affecting African trade in 2020 and 2021: the COVID-19 pandemic and the implementation of the African Continental Free Trade Area (AfCFTA).
We all have good and bad thoughts from time to time and situation to situation. We are bombarded daily with spiraling thoughts(both negative and positive) creating all-consuming feel , making us difficult to manage with associated suffering. Good thoughts are like our Mob Signal (Positive thought) amidst noise(negative thought) in the atmosphere. Negative thoughts like noise outweigh positive thoughts. These thoughts often create unwanted confusion, trouble, stress and frustration in our mind as well as chaos in our physical world. Negative thoughts are also known as “distorted thinking”.
Read| The latest issue of The Challenger is here! We are thrilled to announce that our school paper has qualified for the NATIONAL SCHOOLS PRESS CONFERENCE (NSPC) 2024. Thank you for your unwavering support and trust. Dive into the stories that made us stand out!
The Art Pastor's Guide to Sabbath | Steve ThomasonSteve Thomason
What is the purpose of the Sabbath Law in the Torah. It is interesting to compare how the context of the law shifts from Exodus to Deuteronomy. Who gets to rest, and why?
Synthetic Fiber Construction in lab .pptxPavel ( NSTU)
Synthetic fiber production is a fascinating and complex field that blends chemistry, engineering, and environmental science. By understanding these aspects, students can gain a comprehensive view of synthetic fiber production, its impact on society and the environment, and the potential for future innovations. Synthetic fibers play a crucial role in modern society, impacting various aspects of daily life, industry, and the environment. ynthetic fibers are integral to modern life, offering a range of benefits from cost-effectiveness and versatility to innovative applications and performance characteristics. While they pose environmental challenges, ongoing research and development aim to create more sustainable and eco-friendly alternatives. Understanding the importance of synthetic fibers helps in appreciating their role in the economy, industry, and daily life, while also emphasizing the need for sustainable practices and innovation.
The French Revolution, which began in 1789, was a period of radical social and political upheaval in France. It marked the decline of absolute monarchies, the rise of secular and democratic republics, and the eventual rise of Napoleon Bonaparte. This revolutionary period is crucial in understanding the transition from feudalism to modernity in Europe.
For more information, visit-www.vavaclasses.com
How to Split Bills in the Odoo 17 POS ModuleCeline George
Bills have a main role in point of sale procedure. It will help to track sales, handling payments and giving receipts to customers. Bill splitting also has an important role in POS. For example, If some friends come together for dinner and if they want to divide the bill then it is possible by POS bill splitting. This slide will show how to split bills in odoo 17 POS.
Ethnobotany and Ethnopharmacology:
Ethnobotany in herbal drug evaluation,
Impact of Ethnobotany in traditional medicine,
New development in herbals,
Bio-prospecting tools for drug discovery,
Role of Ethnopharmacology in drug evaluation,
Reverse Pharmacology.
2. Outline
• Background and motivation
• Methodology
• Data
• Descriptives
• Regression and simulation results
• Historical rainfall data analysis (maize)
• Conclusions
3. Background and motivation (1)
• Trade is affected by biophysical conditions and climate
variability, mostly through production
• In turn, production characteristics and conditions are
extremely heterogeneous across SSA
• Increasing need to assess to what extent households
are resilient to shocks, and to assess how the latter
shape trade flows
• Analysis focused on ECOWAS and COMESA countries,
given their agreements on free trade areas
4. Background and motivation (2)
• Objective: quantify the linkages between biophysical
characteristics, production, and trade flows
• Question: what is the impact of extreme weather shocks
(excessive rain, prolonged drought, soil depletion,…) on exports
and imports in COMESA and ECOWAS countries?
• Main idea: if one shock occurs in a specific country, it not only
affects that country but also all commercial partners involved,
both on the import (through variation in income and/or changes
in demand) and the export (through production) side
5. Methodology
• Panel data methods (for each country i at time t):
𝑦𝑖𝑡 = 𝑁𝑖𝑡 + 𝐶𝑖𝑡 + 𝑆𝑒𝑖𝑡 + 𝑃𝑔𝑖𝑡 + 𝜇𝑖 + 𝜀𝑖𝑡, where
𝑦𝑖𝑡 → logarithm of agricultural production; net exports
𝑁𝑖𝑡 → matrix of natural (biophysical) risk variables
𝐶𝑖𝑡 → matrix of crop and livestock disease risk variables
𝑆𝑒𝑖𝑡 → socio-economic factors
𝑃𝑔𝑖𝑡 → population and location of largest city/market, total crop land
area
𝜇𝑖 → fixed effects controlling for the heterogeneity among countries
𝜀𝑖𝑡 → error term
6. Data
𝑦𝑖𝑡 → FAO value of total agr. production; FAOTRADE (Exports FOB, Imports
CIF) 1993-2010
𝑁𝑖𝑡 → long-term rainfall (CRU, 1993-2010), temperature (1993-2010), NDVI
(NASA, AVHRR, 1993-2009; MODIS 2010), soil quality (CIESIN, Columbia
University, 2000), tree coverage (University of Maryland, 2000)
𝐶𝑖𝑡 → crop disease, pest, and weed prevalence (Rosegrant et al., 2014)
𝑆𝑒𝑖𝑡 → total population (UN, 2012); GPD per capita, PPP (WDI, 2013)
𝑃𝑔𝑖𝑡 → population and location of the largest city/market (HarvestChoice);
total crop land area (HarvestChoice)
12. Regression results on
value of net exportsOLS Random-effects Fixed-effects
IV Panel fixed-
effects
IV Panel error-
correction
coef se coef se coef se coef se coef se
Rainfall 0.000 0.000 0.000** 0.000 0.000** 0.000
Temperature -1.131*** 0.403 -0.364 0.431 -0.361 0.440
Temperature (squared) 0.022*** 0.008 0.005 0.009 0.005 0.009
NDVI 1.570** 0.774 1.482*** 0.516 1.478*** 0.518
Low soil quality -0.094*** 0.013 -0.106** 0.046
Tree coverage (%) 0.015*** 0.003 0.018 0.012
Crop disease prevalence 2.863*** 0.631 3.889 2.692
Weeds prevalence 0.206 0.507 -0.155 1.467
Pest prevalence 4.694** 1.950 1.779 6.384
Total population (million) -0.023*** 0.007 -0.015*** 0.006 -0.014** 0.006 -0.021** 0.008 -0.022*** 0.007
GDP per capita, PPP (constant
2011 international $)
-0.000*** 0.000 -0.001*** 0.000 -0.001*** 0.000 -0.001*** 0.000 -0.001*** 0.000
Latitude of largest city -0.011 0.007 -0.014 0.030 0.004 0.027
Longitude of largest city 0.014*** 0.004 0.014 0.017 -0.004 0.013
Population of largest city 0.553*** 0.083 0.942*** 0.258 0.506** 0.208
Total crop land area 0.000 0.000 -0.000 0.000 -0.000** 0.000
Log of gross production value in
constant prices 2004-6
0.880*** 0.277 0.811*** 0.232
Constant 11.480*** 4.251 6.275 7.062 6.502 5.452 -4.166** 1.926 -4.024** 1.627
Number of observations 414 414 414 306 306
Adjusted R2 0.605 0.381
13. OLS_maize Random-effects Fixed-effects
coef se coef se coef se
Rainfall -0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000
Temperature -0.254*** 0.044 -0.284*** 0.062 -0.336*** 0.067
Temperature (squared) 0.006*** 0.001 0.006*** 0.001 0.006*** 0.001
NDVI maize -0.009 0.088 -0.016 0.091 -0.062 0.085
Low soil quality maize 0.002*** 0.000 0.002*** 0.001
Tree coverage (%) maize -0.001 0.001 -0.002 0.003
Crop disease prevalence -0.096 0.069 -0.007 0.138
Weeds prevalence -0.269*** 0.062 -0.432*** 0.103
Pest prevalence 1.220*** 0.242 1.064** 0.414
Total population (million) 0.001 0.001 0.002** 0.001 0.004*** 0.001
GDP per capita, PPP (constant 2011
international $)
-0.000*** 0.000 -0.000*** 0.000 -0.000*** 0.000
Latitude of largest city -0.003*** 0.001 -0.004*** 0.001
Longitude of largest city 0.001** 0.000 0.001 0.001
Population of largest city (million) -0.007 0.011 0.009 0.019
Total crop land area 0.000 0.000 -0.000 0.000
Log of gross production value of
maize in constant
Constant 1.874*** 0.453 2.604*** 0.679 4.520*** 0.826
Number of observations 378 378 396
Adjusted R2 0.770 0.284
Regression results on value
of maize net exports
15. • Background: production surplus and deficit happen at the same time
in the same region; famines are often the result of inability to
transfer surplus to deficit areas.
• Objective: identify areas with below-normal rainfall (less than 75% of
30-year average) and areas with above-normal rainfall (more than
125% of 30-year average)
• Question: is there historical evidence of co-existence of deficit and
surplus areas within the same geographic scope?
• Main idea: areas with above-normal rainfall can produce surplus that
can be transferred to areas with below-normal rainfall to mitigate
production loss, thus enhancing resilience
Historical rainfall data analysis in rainfed maize
areas (1)
16. Historical rainfall data analysis in rainfed maize
areas (2)
Data & Method
• Monthly historical rainfall data (60 km resolution) for 1979-
2008 (30 years)-> University of East Anglia.
• Gridded rainfed planting month data for baseline climate
conditions-> CCAFS (Philip Thornton), original data at 10km
aggregated to 60km.
• Rainfed maize growing area-> HarvestChoice’s SPAM 2005,
original data at 10km aggregated to 60km.
• First two-month total rainfall at each grid cell used to classify
each season as below normal, normal, or above normal.
• 30-year average rainfall was computed at each grid cell
17. Deficit area (orange)
Surplus area (blue)
Historical rainfall data analysis in rainfed maize
areas (3)
Every year, some areas in Africa suffer from drought. Though, there are areas where
rainfall is higher than normal, that may produce more than normal, taking advantage of
reduced risk of investing on other inputs such as fertilizers and high-yielding varieties.
18. Percentage of years when the total area
under deficit is larger than surplus
Percentage of years when the total area
under surplus is larger than deficit
Historical rainfall data analysis in rainfed maize
areas (4)
19. Within region, there are variable range of such drought-mitigation possibility at country-
level. Top-10 maize producing countries in Africa are included in the chart. In East and
Central Africa, the possibility is highest in Ethiopia (53%) and lowest in Kenya (37%) and. In
West Africa, highest in Cameroon (57%) and lowest in Ghana (45%). In Southern Africa,
highest in Zambia (51%) and lowest in Malawi (47%).
Historical rainfall data analysis in rainfed maize
areas (5)
20. Conclusions (1)
• Our analysis shows that biophysical variables are strongly
correlated with net exports, when agricultural production is not
controlled for.
• However, when a 2SLS model is adopted (controlling for
endogeneity of production), biophysical variables are excellent
predictors of total agricultural output that, in turn, is the strongest
determinant of trade flows.
• These results would allow to simulate the impact of a shock in
climate-related variables first on production, and then trade flows,
looking at the relationship between resilience and trade.
• Additionally, simulations can be conducted by regional
aggregations, country, and commodity, addressing the
heterogeneity in responses according to the climate conditions and
openness of the economy.
21. Conclusions (2)
• Climate-related variables are key for profitable farming (as well as
flourishing trade flows) indicating the importance of agriculture
adaptation and mitigation strategies to increase smallholder
farmers’ resilience to natural shocks.
• Indeed, our historical rainfall data analysis shows good potential for
mitigating losses in maize production through trade flows, at
country, regional, or continental level, if the complexities of trade
allow.
• The possibility of drought mitigation (i.e., larger areas of above
normal rainfall than less than normal) is higher in West and
Southern Africa (~50%) than North and Eastern Central Africa
(~40%).
• Caveats apply…