"Sturm's Conoid" for undergraduate MBBS Students.
Covers the basics of Sturm's Conoid, including the ray diagram and explanation of Sturm's interval and circle of least confusion.
it's application in Astigmatism has been covered.
Also encompasses salient points for PGMEE
"Sturm's Conoid" for undergraduate MBBS Students.
Covers the basics of Sturm's Conoid, including the ray diagram and explanation of Sturm's interval and circle of least confusion.
it's application in Astigmatism has been covered.
Also encompasses salient points for PGMEE
Basics of clinical optics and their application in clinical ophthalmology. Introduction to principles of interaction of light and its travel through different media. The basic principles, objectives and methods of ophthalmic instruments are also explained.
Astigmatic lens used in ophthalmology and eyeRACHANA KAFLE
different types and classifications of astigmatic lens used
availability of astigmatic lens
uses of astigmatic lens
advantages and disadvantages of astigmatic lens
Describes optical prisms.
For comments please contact ne at solo.hermelin@gmail.com.
For more presentation on different topics visit my website at http://www.solohermelin.com.
This presentation is in the Optics folder.
These lectures has prepared for postgraduate student (Ophthalmology) according to the curriculum of Bangladesh College of Physician and Surgeons (BCPS) and Bangabondhu Sheikh Mujib Medical University (BSMMU) Bangladesh
These lectures has prepared for postgraduate student (Ophthalmology) according to the curriculum of Bangladesh College of Physician and Surgeons (BCPS) and Bangabondhu Sheikh Mujib Medical University (BSMMU) Bangladesh
In this term paper most of the types of lens aberrations have been discussed and also have discussed about the use of this knowledge. The aberrations covered in this presentation are:-
Monochromatic Aberrations--Spherical Aberration, Coma, Field Curvature, Distortion, Astigmatism. Chromatic Aberrations - Longitudinal Chromatic Aberrations and Transverse Chromatic Aberrations.
Basics of clinical optics and their application in clinical ophthalmology. Introduction to principles of interaction of light and its travel through different media. The basic principles, objectives and methods of ophthalmic instruments are also explained.
Astigmatic lens used in ophthalmology and eyeRACHANA KAFLE
different types and classifications of astigmatic lens used
availability of astigmatic lens
uses of astigmatic lens
advantages and disadvantages of astigmatic lens
Describes optical prisms.
For comments please contact ne at solo.hermelin@gmail.com.
For more presentation on different topics visit my website at http://www.solohermelin.com.
This presentation is in the Optics folder.
These lectures has prepared for postgraduate student (Ophthalmology) according to the curriculum of Bangladesh College of Physician and Surgeons (BCPS) and Bangabondhu Sheikh Mujib Medical University (BSMMU) Bangladesh
These lectures has prepared for postgraduate student (Ophthalmology) according to the curriculum of Bangladesh College of Physician and Surgeons (BCPS) and Bangabondhu Sheikh Mujib Medical University (BSMMU) Bangladesh
In this term paper most of the types of lens aberrations have been discussed and also have discussed about the use of this knowledge. The aberrations covered in this presentation are:-
Monochromatic Aberrations--Spherical Aberration, Coma, Field Curvature, Distortion, Astigmatism. Chromatic Aberrations - Longitudinal Chromatic Aberrations and Transverse Chromatic Aberrations.
optical aberration is very important for optometrist .
eyeball is not optically perfect it shows some optical flaws which reduce resolution of the focused image they are called aberration.
Reflection of light
Spherical mirrors
Images formation by spherical mirrors
Representation of images formed by spherical mirrors using ray diagrams
Mirror formula and magnification
Overview of the fundamental roles in Hydropower generation and the components involved in wider Electrical Engineering.
This paper presents the design and construction of hydroelectric dams from the hydrologist’s survey of the valley before construction, all aspects and involved disciplines, fluid dynamics, structural engineering, generation and mains frequency regulation to the very transmission of power through the network in the United Kingdom.
Author: Robbie Edward Sayers
Collaborators and co editors: Charlie Sims and Connor Healey.
(C) 2024 Robbie E. Sayers
Final project report on grocery store management system..pdfKamal Acharya
In today’s fast-changing business environment, it’s extremely important to be able to respond to client needs in the most effective and timely manner. If your customers wish to see your business online and have instant access to your products or services.
Online Grocery Store is an e-commerce website, which retails various grocery products. This project allows viewing various products available enables registered users to purchase desired products instantly using Paytm, UPI payment processor (Instant Pay) and also can place order by using Cash on Delivery (Pay Later) option. This project provides an easy access to Administrators and Managers to view orders placed using Pay Later and Instant Pay options.
In order to develop an e-commerce website, a number of Technologies must be studied and understood. These include multi-tiered architecture, server and client-side scripting techniques, implementation technologies, programming language (such as PHP, HTML, CSS, JavaScript) and MySQL relational databases. This is a project with the objective to develop a basic website where a consumer is provided with a shopping cart website and also to know about the technologies used to develop such a website.
This document will discuss each of the underlying technologies to create and implement an e- commerce website.
COLLEGE BUS MANAGEMENT SYSTEM PROJECT REPORT.pdfKamal Acharya
The College Bus Management system is completely developed by Visual Basic .NET Version. The application is connect with most secured database language MS SQL Server. The application is develop by using best combination of front-end and back-end languages. The application is totally design like flat user interface. This flat user interface is more attractive user interface in 2017. The application is gives more important to the system functionality. The application is to manage the student’s details, driver’s details, bus details, bus route details, bus fees details and more. The application has only one unit for admin. The admin can manage the entire application. The admin can login into the application by using username and password of the admin. The application is develop for big and small colleges. It is more user friendly for non-computer person. Even they can easily learn how to manage the application within hours. The application is more secure by the admin. The system will give an effective output for the VB.Net and SQL Server given as input to the system. The compiled java program given as input to the system, after scanning the program will generate different reports. The application generates the report for users. The admin can view and download the report of the data. The application deliver the excel format reports. Because, excel formatted reports is very easy to understand the income and expense of the college bus. This application is mainly develop for windows operating system users. In 2017, 73% of people enterprises are using windows operating system. So the application will easily install for all the windows operating system users. The application-developed size is very low. The application consumes very low space in disk. Therefore, the user can allocate very minimum local disk space for this application.
Courier management system project report.pdfKamal Acharya
It is now-a-days very important for the people to send or receive articles like imported furniture, electronic items, gifts, business goods and the like. People depend vastly on different transport systems which mostly use the manual way of receiving and delivering the articles. There is no way to track the articles till they are received and there is no way to let the customer know what happened in transit, once he booked some articles. In such a situation, we need a system which completely computerizes the cargo activities including time to time tracking of the articles sent. This need is fulfilled by Courier Management System software which is online software for the cargo management people that enables them to receive the goods from a source and send them to a required destination and track their status from time to time.
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Forklift Classes Overview by Intella PartsIntella Parts
Discover the different forklift classes and their specific applications. Learn how to choose the right forklift for your needs to ensure safety, efficiency, and compliance in your operations.
For more technical information, visit our website https://intellaparts.com
Quality defects in TMT Bars, Possible causes and Potential Solutions.PrashantGoswami42
Maintaining high-quality standards in the production of TMT bars is crucial for ensuring structural integrity in construction. Addressing common defects through careful monitoring, standardized processes, and advanced technology can significantly improve the quality of TMT bars. Continuous training and adherence to quality control measures will also play a pivotal role in minimizing these defects.
2. Aperture stop
Any element, be it the rim of a lens or a separate diaphragm,
that determines the amount of light reaching the image is
known as the aperture stop (abbreviated A.S.)
3. Entrance and Exit Pupils
The entrance pupil of a system is the image of the aperture stop as seen from
an axial point on the object looking through those elements preceding the
stop.
Entrance Pupils
4. Exit Pupils
Exit pupil is the image of the A.S. as seen from an axial point on the image looking
through the interposed lenses, if there are any.
5. Chief Ray
It is defined to be any ray from an off-axis object point that passes through the center of
the aperture stop. The chief ray enters the optical system along a line directed toward
the midpoint of the entrance pupil, Enp, and leaves the system along a line passing
through the center of the exit pupil, Exp.
6. Marginal ray
It goes from the axial object point to the rim or margin of the entrance pupil (or aperture
stop).
9. Aberrations
There are two main types: chromatic aberrations (which arise from the fact
that n is actually a function of frequency or color) and monochromatic
aberrations.
There are monochromatic aberrations such as spherical aberration, coma, and
astigmatism that deteriorate the image, making it unclear.
11. • The distance between the axial intersection of a marginal ray entering parallel to
the central axis and the paraxial focus, Fi, is known as the longitudinal spherical
aberration, or L · SA.
•The height above the axis where a given ray strikes this screen is called the
transverse (or lateral) spherical aberration, or T · SA for short.
•If the screen is moved to the position labeled ΣLC, the image blur will have its
smallest diameter. This is known as the circle of least confusion, and ΣLC is generally
the best place to observe the image.
12. Coma, or comatic aberration, is an image-degrading, monochromatic, primary
aberration associated with an object point even a short distance from the axis.
Coma
13. Astigmatism
When an object point lies an appreciable distance from the optical axis, the incident
cone of rays will strike the lens asymmetrically, giving rise to a third primary aberration
known as astigmatism.
14. • The meridional plane (also called the tangential plane) containing both the chief ray
(i.e., the one passing through the center of the aperture) and the optical axis.
• The sagittal plane is then defined as the plane containing the chief ray, which, in
addition, is perpendicular to the meridional plane.
• All skew rays from the object point lying in a sagittal plane are termed sagittal rays
• The configuration of an oblique, parallel ray bundle will be different in the
meridional and sagittal planes. As a result, the focal lengths in these planes will be
different as well.
• In effect, here the meridional rays are tilted more with respect to the lens than are
the sagittal rays, and they have a shorter focal length.
15. • This astigmatic difference, as it is often called, increases rapidly as the rays become more
oblique, that is, as the object point moves farther off the axis, and is, of course, zero on
axis.
16. Chromatic Aberrations
• The axial distance between two such focal points spanning a given frequency range
(e.g., blue to red) is termed the axial (or longitudinal) chromatic aberration, A · CA
for short.
17. • The vertical distance between two such image points (most often taken to be blue and
red) is a measure of the lateral chromatic aberration, L · CA, or lateral color.