The document outlines a project called 'Rail Track Inspector' aimed at automating track inspection to enhance railroad safety and reduce accidents, injuries, and goods damage. It describes the design of a compact autonomous robot utilizing an Atmel microcontroller to follow and monitor railroad tracks, reporting any detected errors via LED indicators. Key specifications and functionalities of the robot and the microcontroller are detailed, focusing on the embedded system's capabilities and advantages.

1. RAIL TRACK
INSPECTOR

2. Your College Name

3. Your Guide Name

4. Students Name

5. RAIL TRACK INSPECTOR
Using ATMEL Microcontroller

6. Railroads has moving Billion
Tons of Freight & passengers
every year, which plays a vital &
important role in the all forms of
transportation
The above statement proves the
importance of Rail Track
Inspection

7. To automate the
process, we are doing
this Project called ‘Rail
Tracker Inspector’

8. Main objectives which can achieved
using this project is
1. Railroad Safety has to be improve
significantly
2. drop in Train Accidents
3. drop in Employee / Passenger
Injury Rate
4. drop in Goods damage

9. Task
To build a fully autonomous
robot capable of following two
parallel white tracks against a
black background and report the
errors (if any) in the laying down
of the tracks.

10. The errors can be of two
kinds:
The width of the track (i.e. the
distance between the two white lines)
is less than or more than the correct
width of track.
One of the tracks (i.e. one of the two
white lines) is broken

11. Robot Specifications
The initial size of the
robot should be
restricted within 20cm X
20cm X 100cm (length X
breadth X height or as
per the requirements

12. Basic Rules to
Check the Rail Track
At the start of the event the robot
will be placed at one of the
extreme ends of the track
The robot has to autonomously
follow the track and reach the
other extreme end of the track and
stop.

13. Basic Rules to Check the Rail Track
The errors will have to be
reported at the time they occur on
the track. The error will be
displayed using two LED display.
The robot must glow a red LED
to report an error in width of the
track and a blue LED to report a
broken track

15. RAIL TRACK INSPECTOR
LEFT IN Mechanical
Model
SIGNAL CONDITIONING
IR SENSOR
DC MOTOR
LEFT OUT
CIRCUIT
IR SENSOR MICRO
CONTROLLER
RIGHT IN
IR SENSOR
LCD DISPLAY
RIGHT OUT
IR SENSOR

16. INTRODUCTION
EMBEDDED SYSTEM is a combination of
Software and Hardware.
These are processors, arrays or other hardware
using dedicated (embedded) logic or
programming (code) called “firmware” or a
“microkernel
An Embedded system is a system, that has a
computing device embedded into it.
Embedded systems are designed around a C
which integrates memory & peripherals.

17. CHARACTERISTICS OF
EMBEDDED SYSTEMS
Sophisticated functionality
Real-time operation
Low manufacturing cost
Low power Consumption
Smarter Products and Smaller Sizes
Built in Rich Features
Less Down Time for Maintenance

18. EMBEDDED SYSTEMS
MICROCONTROLLERS
• Microcontroller is a highly integrated chip that
contains all the components comprising a
controller.
• Typically, this includes a CPU, RAM, some
form of ROM, I/O ports, and timers. A
Microcontroller is designed for a very specific
task – to control a particular system.
• As a result, the parts can be simplified and
reduced, which cuts down on production
costs

19. BENEFITS OF EMBEDDED
CONTROL DESIGN
Eliminates necessity of complex
circuitry
Smarter products
Smaller size
Lower cost
User friendly
State of the art technology

20. Using ATMEL
Microcontroller

21. The AT89C51 is a low-power, high-
performance CMOS 8-bit microcomputer
with 4K bytes of Flash Programmable and
Erasable Read Only Memory (PEROM).
The device is manufactured using Atmel’s
high density nonvolatile memory
technology and is compatible with the
industry standard MCS-51™ instruction
set and pinout
MICROCONTROLLER
ATMEL 89C51

22. FEATURES
• Compatible with MCS-51™ Products
• 4K Bytes of In-System Re-programmable
Flash Memory – Endurance: 1,000
Write/Erase Cycles
• Fully Static Operation: 0 Hz to 24 MHz
• Three-Level Program Memory Lock
MICROCONTROLLER
ATMEL 89C51

23. FEATURES
• 128 x 8-Bit Internal RAM
• 32 Programmable I/O Lines
• Two 16-Bit Timer/Counters
• Six Interrupt Sources
• Programmable Serial Channel
• Low Power Idle and Power Down
Modes
MICROCONTROLLER
ATMEL 89C51