The document presents information about an embedded system project using an 8051 microcontroller. It discusses the 8051 microcontroller architecture, including its memory capabilities and pin description. It then describes different types of sensors like proximity, level, temperature, IR, inductive, capacitive, photoelectric, resistive, and ultrasonic sensors. It also discusses relays and types including electromagnetic and solid state relays. Finally, it lists some basic integrated circuits needed for the project like voltage regulators, comparators, relay drivers, and motor drivers.

1. Presented by:
Vimal Kumar
11ECIEC037
ECE 7TH SEM

2. • Introduction
• 8051 Microcontroller
• Pin Description of 8051
• Architecture of 8051
• Sensor and Types of Sensor
• Relay

3. • An embedded system is a computer system designed to
perform one or few dedicated function, often with real time
computing constraints.
• An embedded system is one ,that has computer hardware
with software embedded in it as one of its components.

4. A microcontroller is a single silicon chip with memory and all
Input/output peripherals on it. Hence a microcontroller is also
popularly known as a single chip computer.
•The 8051 is the first microcontroller of the MCS-51 family
introduced by Intel Corporation at the end of the 1970s.
•The 8051 microcontroller are capable of addressing 64k of
program memory and a separate 64k data memory.
•The 8051 has 4k of code memory implemented as on chip Read
Only Memory.
•The 8051 has 128 bytes if internal Random Access Memory.

6. SENSOR
• A sensor is a device that detects events or changes in
quantities and provides a corresponding output,
generally as an electrical or optical signal; for example, a
thermocouple converts temperature to an output
voltage.

7. TYPES OF SENOSR
• PROXIMITY SENSOR a proximity sensor is a sensor able to
detect the presence of nearby objects without any physical
contact. A proximity sensor often emits an electromagnetic
field or a beam of electromagnetic radiation (infrared, for
instance), and looks for changes in the field or return signal.
• LEVEL SENSOR detect the level of substances that flow,
including liquids, slurries, granular materials, and powders.
• TEMPRETURE SENSOR is a sensor which detect the
temperature.

8. • IR SENSOR is a electronics sensor that measure infrared light
radiating from object in its field of view.
• INDUCTIVE SENSOR is an electronic proximity sensor, which detects
metallic objects without touching them. The sensor consists of
an induction loop. Electric current generates a magnetic field.
• CAPACITIVE SENSOR based on capacitive coupling, that take human
body capacitive coupling . Capacitive sensors detect anything
that is conductive or has a dielectric different from that of air.
• PHOTOELECTRIC SENSOR is a device used to detect the distance,
absence, or presence of an object by using a light transmitter,
often infrared, and a photoelectric receiver.
• RESISTIVE SENSOR is a transducer or electromechanical device that
converts a mechanical change such as displacement into an
electrical signal that can be monitored after conditioning. The
simplest resistive sensor is the potentiometer

9. • ULTRASONIC SENSOR is a sensor which evaluate attributes of
a target by interpreting the echoes from radio or sound waves
respectively. Active ultrasonic sensors generate high
frequency sound waves and evaluate the echo which is
received back by the sensor.

10. • THERMOCOUPLE is a electronic device which is used as
temperature sensor.

11. RELAY
ELECTROMEG
NETIC
SOLID STATE
ELCETROMEGNETIC RELAY is a switching device
which depends on the electromagnetic field.
SOLID STATE RELAY is a electronics device which
works on n- type or p-type material or transistor.
ELECTROMEGNETIC RELAY

12. Basic ic’s
2.Comparator
ic’s
3.Relay Driver
4.Motor
Driver
1.Voltage
Regulator
BASIC IC’S