This document provides an overview of shale development and its impacts on transportation. It discusses the resources and technologies enabling the North American energy revolution, including shale gas and tight oil plays. It also outlines trends in shale gas and tight oil production, processing, and transportation, including the increased use of rail and pipelines. The document summarizes how shale development is reshaping North American energy trade patterns and industrial development.
This document provides an overview of the North American energy revolution driven by shale oil and gas resources. It discusses the abundant recoverable unconventional energy resources including shale plays and oil sands. New technologies like hydraulic fracturing and horizontal drilling have unlocked these resources and driven down costs. This has led to a surge in production, displaced imports, and growing exports. It also discusses the infrastructure challenges of moving these new sources of supply and the impacts on downstream industries.
PLG 2013 State of Freight Summit PresentationPLG Consulting
PLG Consulting presented an overview of the current flows of materials needed to support shale oil development. This is the fifth presentation that PLG has done on the subject in the last 8 months. The company has worked with some of the largest players in the oil & gas industry to help them gain an advantage through logistics. Contact us at www.plgconsulting.com for more information.
This document discusses crude-by-rail (CBR) transportation in North America. It provides background on the growth of unconventional oil and gas production from shale plays and oil sands. Technological improvements have increased productivity and lowered costs. This has driven growth in CBR to transport crude oil from production areas to refineries. The document outlines the historical phases of CBR and factors that will influence its future, such as rail capacity, regulations, and price differentials. It also summarizes projections for continued growth in CBR origins from the Bakken and Western Canada due to inadequate pipeline capacity in the short to medium term.
Oil & Natural Gas. The Evolving Freight Transportation ImpactsPLG Consulting
On July 30, 2013, CEO Graham Brisben presented at CIT’s Rail Resources Conference in Jackson Hole, Wyoming. Graham’s presentation, entitled “Oil & Natural Gas. The Evolving Freight Transportation Impacts,” analyzes and forecasts the dramatic impact of shale oil and gas which has upended traditional logistics and trading patterns in the energy industry, starting an industrial renaissance in the U.S.
On September 25, 2013, PLG Consulting President Taylor Robinson presented at Industrial Minerals’ Frac Sands Conference in Minneapolis, Minnesota. The premise of the conference is: 'After the Gold Rush'; providing an in-depth assessment of exactly how the industry has reached its current heights and, importantly, where it is headed next. Taylor’s presentation, entitled “Mine to Market – How the Industry Has Matured,” gives current and future insight to all key aspects of the rapidly maturing frac sand supply chain.
PLG Consulting "Frac Sand - New Volume Impact" presentation given by Taylor Robinson at Industrial Minerals Conference on 9/23/2014 in Minneapolis, MN.
This document discusses the use of compressed natural gas (CNG) and liquefied natural gas (LNG) for heavy duty trucking. It notes that Clean Energy is the largest alternative transportation fuel provider, fueling over 30,000 vehicles daily. It discusses their fueling services for CNG time fill, CNG fast fill, and LNG. It also discusses the current and planned natural gas fueling infrastructure across the United States. The document outlines the benefits of using natural gas vehicles for fleets, including lower operating costs and reduced greenhouse gas emissions compared to diesel. It provides examples of economic models fleets can use to evaluate the costs and savings of adopting natural gas vehicles.
This document provides an overview of the North American energy revolution driven by shale oil and gas resources. It discusses the abundant recoverable unconventional energy resources including shale plays and oil sands. New technologies like hydraulic fracturing and horizontal drilling have unlocked these resources and driven down costs. This has led to a surge in production, displaced imports, and growing exports. It also discusses the infrastructure challenges of moving these new sources of supply and the impacts on downstream industries.
PLG 2013 State of Freight Summit PresentationPLG Consulting
PLG Consulting presented an overview of the current flows of materials needed to support shale oil development. This is the fifth presentation that PLG has done on the subject in the last 8 months. The company has worked with some of the largest players in the oil & gas industry to help them gain an advantage through logistics. Contact us at www.plgconsulting.com for more information.
This document discusses crude-by-rail (CBR) transportation in North America. It provides background on the growth of unconventional oil and gas production from shale plays and oil sands. Technological improvements have increased productivity and lowered costs. This has driven growth in CBR to transport crude oil from production areas to refineries. The document outlines the historical phases of CBR and factors that will influence its future, such as rail capacity, regulations, and price differentials. It also summarizes projections for continued growth in CBR origins from the Bakken and Western Canada due to inadequate pipeline capacity in the short to medium term.
Oil & Natural Gas. The Evolving Freight Transportation ImpactsPLG Consulting
On July 30, 2013, CEO Graham Brisben presented at CIT’s Rail Resources Conference in Jackson Hole, Wyoming. Graham’s presentation, entitled “Oil & Natural Gas. The Evolving Freight Transportation Impacts,” analyzes and forecasts the dramatic impact of shale oil and gas which has upended traditional logistics and trading patterns in the energy industry, starting an industrial renaissance in the U.S.
On September 25, 2013, PLG Consulting President Taylor Robinson presented at Industrial Minerals’ Frac Sands Conference in Minneapolis, Minnesota. The premise of the conference is: 'After the Gold Rush'; providing an in-depth assessment of exactly how the industry has reached its current heights and, importantly, where it is headed next. Taylor’s presentation, entitled “Mine to Market – How the Industry Has Matured,” gives current and future insight to all key aspects of the rapidly maturing frac sand supply chain.
PLG Consulting "Frac Sand - New Volume Impact" presentation given by Taylor Robinson at Industrial Minerals Conference on 9/23/2014 in Minneapolis, MN.
This document discusses the use of compressed natural gas (CNG) and liquefied natural gas (LNG) for heavy duty trucking. It notes that Clean Energy is the largest alternative transportation fuel provider, fueling over 30,000 vehicles daily. It discusses their fueling services for CNG time fill, CNG fast fill, and LNG. It also discusses the current and planned natural gas fueling infrastructure across the United States. The document outlines the benefits of using natural gas vehicles for fleets, including lower operating costs and reduced greenhouse gas emissions compared to diesel. It provides examples of economic models fleets can use to evaluate the costs and savings of adopting natural gas vehicles.
Liquefied natural gas (LNG) is rapidly changing the structure of the global gas industry.
Flexible in transportation, safe in use, and competitive in supply, LNG today has already won more than 40% of the physical volume of world gas exports and is expected to reach 60% by 2040. In 2020, the development of the LNG market underwent significant transformations, as the COVID-19 pandemic posed a challenge to the global economy.
PLG President Taylor Robinson presented at the Crude Oil Transportation 2014 conference in Calgary, Alberta on September 3, 2014. Mr. Robinson’s analysis focused on comparing the crude by rail model created in the Bakken over the past five years with the new and quickly evolving Western Canadian model. As well, the potential impact of U.S. DOT regulatory changes are shared in the presentation.
This document provides an overview of PLG Consulting, a boutique consulting firm focused on logistics, engineering, and supply chain services for the energy and bulk commodities industries. It discusses PLG's experience in crude by rail projects, including optimization, commercial negotiations, infrastructure design and engineering. The document also summarizes trends in North American energy production driven by shale oil and gas, and the resulting impacts on crude transportation and infrastructure needs. It includes forecasts for growth in crude by rail volumes from the Bakken and Western Canada through 2019 under a low oil price scenario.
This document discusses converting biogas from organic waste digesters into compressed natural gas (CNG) vehicle fuel. It notes that biogas to CNG provides opportunities for smaller facilities not previously seen as financially viable. A BioCNG system is described that can economically produce biogas-based CNG at small scales. CNG has significant cost savings over gasoline and diesel, and projects in various locations that have successfully converted fleets to run on biogas-produced CNG are highlighted.
The document discusses subsea processing technologies and their role in the subsea economy. It notes that subsea processing, including technologies like subsea compression, separation, and boosting, are improving production efficiencies and reserves recovery from oil and gas fields. These technologies also allow functions to be moved underwater, reducing complexity on offshore platforms. The UK North Sea provides opportunities for these emerging subsea technologies as many fields there are maturing. Subsea processing offers cost advantages after initial investment and can help develop smaller, marginal fields by improving recovery and using existing infrastructure. The East of England region has potential to supply these subsea technologies to North Sea fields but currently lacks a significant competency in subsea processing.
Liquefied natural gas (LNG) is natural gas that has been cooled to liquid form for storage or transport. It takes up 600 times less space than gas in its gaseous state. LNG is predominantly methane and is odorless, colorless, non-toxic, and non-corrosive. It can be transported via tankers and re-gasified for distribution as pipeline natural gas. Global LNG demand is expected to continue growing significantly in the coming decades as new supply projects are developed. Bangladesh currently imports LNG through floating storage and regasification units but is also considering developing permanent land-based LNG facilities.
The document discusses the importance of thermal efficiency in liquefied natural gas (LNG) liquefaction plants. It notes that aeroderivative gas turbines are well-suited as drivers for LNG plants due to their high efficiency and ability to start up without helper motors. The world's first LNG plant to use aeroderivative gas turbines was the Darwin LNG facility in Australia, which began operation in 2006. Higher thermal efficiency can significantly reduce operating costs over the life of an LNG plant by lowering fuel consumption.
Oil and gas infrastructure of Georgia: ongoing and prospective projectsITE Oil&Gas
Presentation at GIOGIE 2014 (Georgian International Oil, Infrastructure and Energy Conference) on oil and gas infrastructures of Georgia.
By Teimuraz Gochitashvili, Chairman of the Supervisory Board, Georgian Oil and Gas Corporation (GOGC)
This document discusses the promotion of compressed natural gas (CNG) as a transportation fuel in Tennessee. It notes that PBG Energy is partnering with others to build public CNG fueling stations and create a network across the state. The document provides facts about natural gas, including that it is safer, cleaner and more abundant than petroleum fuels. It outlines the environmental, energy security and economic benefits of using natural gas vehicles. The document also discusses CNG station design options from large transit stations to small fleet time-fill stations and provides cost estimates. It promotes the use of CNG as a cheaper, cleaner and domestic fuel alternative that improves energy security.
Natural Gas Vehicle Facility Modifications 101, Stephe Yborra, Director, Markets & Technologies Development, NGVAmerica.org & Rick Mendoza, Director of Facility Modifications, Clean Energy Fuels.
Stephe Yborra will lead a comprehensive overview of recommended facility modifications for CNG & LNG fuelling.
Will cover a comprehensive list of the applicable codes and standards for maintenance facilities to accommodate natural gas vehicles. The presentation outlines the intent, rational, and assumptions behind the codes, and it contains a decision tree to ensure facilities meet requirements without over-modifying.
Panelist, Rick Mendoza, Director of Facility Modification Services for Clean Energy Fuels will contribute throughout and be involved in Q&A providing answers and perspectives on critical specification, design and installation questions
Economic impact assessment of hydrogen energypradeepchanda2
The document discusses the potential economic impacts of hydrogen energy. It analyzes the necessary investments to build hydrogen infrastructure and impacts on employment, GDP, and international competitiveness. The success of a green hydrogen economy depends on hydrogen being competitive under future market conditions. Building infrastructure will require substantial investments of £3.5-11.4 billion by 2035 in the UK. Minimizing conversion, storage, and transport costs can improve hydrogen's commercial competitiveness. The document also examines scenarios for hydrogen market capture and impacts on GDP and employment in Australia.
Overcapacity in eu and nafta where is it? by Marcel Genet Laplace ConseilAudrey Bayard
The document discusses the shift from integrated steel mills to minimills over the last 40 years. Minimills, which use electric arc furnaces to melt scrap steel, have lower costs and more flexibility than traditional blast furnace mills. The share of steel produced by minimills has been growing steadily in Europe and North America. Recently, access to cheap shale gas in the US has improved the competitiveness of direct reduced iron plants, which may further increase minimills' market share. Most overcapacity in the steel industry is currently found in integrated blast furnace mills, especially in Europe and North America.
Making the CNG Virtual Pipeline a Reality for Transportation Natural Gas (TNG)Jolynn Kennedy, CIMS-GB
No natural gas pipeline? No problem. You can facilitate off-pipeline vehicle fueling for CNG transportation fleet. Learn how by checking out this informative presentation by Broadwind | SAFE, XNG and Hexagon Composites.
Presentation at GIOGIE 2014 (Georgian International Oil, Infrastructure and Energy Conference) on Oil in Georgia.
By Wolfgang Nachtmann, Business Development, MND Georgia
AmericaCNG offers oil producers a solution to deal with natural gas that is currently being flared at wellheads due to a lack of pipeline infrastructure. They provide portable natural gas liquid separation and liquefaction units that extract liquids and convert gas to LNG at the wellhead. This allows producers to realize value from natural gas resources and comply with regulations limiting gas flaring, while AmericaCNG transports extracted liquids and LNG to market. AmericaCNG's equipment and services require no upfront capital costs for producers and provide income through payments based on natural gas liquid production.
Introduction to Gas Transportation and Storage technology including pipeline, CNG, LNG, GTL, GTW, methane hydrate, and the importance of gas sales agreement in a gas value chain.
Le 03 Natural Gas (NG) Transportation and DistributionNsulangi Paul
This module describes means of transportation and distribution of natural gas from production area to the end user or consumers. The module analyzes various methods such as pipeline, liquefied natural gas (LNG), compressed natural gas (CNG), gas to liquid fuel (GtL), gas to wire (GtW) as well as gas to hydrate (GtH).
PLG MARS Presentation Energy Logistics 070913PLG Consulting
This document discusses the impacts of increased shale oil and gas development on freight transportation and logistics. Key points include:
1) Advances in hydraulic fracturing and horizontal drilling have driven large increases in U.S. oil and natural gas production from shale plays. This has disrupted traditional supply chains and driven growth in related industries like petrochemicals and steel manufacturing.
2) Shale development requires large volumes of frac sand, water, and other inputs to be transported to well sites by rail and truck. It also produces oil, natural gas, and natural gas liquids that must be moved out of plays through pipelines, rail, and trucks.
3) Abundant natural gas supplies are displacing coal
PLG Presents to Midwest Association of Rail ShippersPLG Consulting
On July 9, 2013, CEO Graham Brisben presented PLG’s perspective of the shifting economy by examining the impact of crude by rail in today’s marketplace. More specifically, Graham discussed the impact of shale oil and gas which is upending traditional logistics and trading patterns in the energy industry which has started an industrial renaissance in the U.S.
PLG Rail Equipment Finance Presentation March 2014PLG Consulting
This document provides an overview of shale development impacts on transportation and logistics. It discusses how shale development has increased demand for rail transportation of materials like frac sand, crude oil, and feedstocks. It also notes that while shale-related rail traffic has grown, it remains relatively small compared to existing coal volumes. The document summarizes trends in various shale-related commodities and outlines questions around the future of industries like frac sand and crude by rail.
This document discusses the impact of unconventional energy resources like shale oil and gas and oil sands on rail transportation in North America. It notes that technological advances have enabled increased production from these resources, driving growth in related rail shipments of materials like frac sand and crude oil. However, pipeline capacity constraints currently necessitate significant crude by rail shipments, especially of Canadian oil. The document also examines proposed regulations on rail shipments of crude oil and their potential effects. Overall rail traffic of frac sand and crude oil has grown rapidly but further growth depends on regulatory and infrastructure developments.
Robinson presents shale gas implactions for US manufacturing renaissancePLG Consulting
PLG President Taylor Robinson presents "Shale Gas Implications For US Manufacturing Renaissance" at Reinvesting in American Manufacturing conference in Houston, TX.
Liquefied natural gas (LNG) is rapidly changing the structure of the global gas industry.
Flexible in transportation, safe in use, and competitive in supply, LNG today has already won more than 40% of the physical volume of world gas exports and is expected to reach 60% by 2040. In 2020, the development of the LNG market underwent significant transformations, as the COVID-19 pandemic posed a challenge to the global economy.
PLG President Taylor Robinson presented at the Crude Oil Transportation 2014 conference in Calgary, Alberta on September 3, 2014. Mr. Robinson’s analysis focused on comparing the crude by rail model created in the Bakken over the past five years with the new and quickly evolving Western Canadian model. As well, the potential impact of U.S. DOT regulatory changes are shared in the presentation.
This document provides an overview of PLG Consulting, a boutique consulting firm focused on logistics, engineering, and supply chain services for the energy and bulk commodities industries. It discusses PLG's experience in crude by rail projects, including optimization, commercial negotiations, infrastructure design and engineering. The document also summarizes trends in North American energy production driven by shale oil and gas, and the resulting impacts on crude transportation and infrastructure needs. It includes forecasts for growth in crude by rail volumes from the Bakken and Western Canada through 2019 under a low oil price scenario.
This document discusses converting biogas from organic waste digesters into compressed natural gas (CNG) vehicle fuel. It notes that biogas to CNG provides opportunities for smaller facilities not previously seen as financially viable. A BioCNG system is described that can economically produce biogas-based CNG at small scales. CNG has significant cost savings over gasoline and diesel, and projects in various locations that have successfully converted fleets to run on biogas-produced CNG are highlighted.
The document discusses subsea processing technologies and their role in the subsea economy. It notes that subsea processing, including technologies like subsea compression, separation, and boosting, are improving production efficiencies and reserves recovery from oil and gas fields. These technologies also allow functions to be moved underwater, reducing complexity on offshore platforms. The UK North Sea provides opportunities for these emerging subsea technologies as many fields there are maturing. Subsea processing offers cost advantages after initial investment and can help develop smaller, marginal fields by improving recovery and using existing infrastructure. The East of England region has potential to supply these subsea technologies to North Sea fields but currently lacks a significant competency in subsea processing.
Liquefied natural gas (LNG) is natural gas that has been cooled to liquid form for storage or transport. It takes up 600 times less space than gas in its gaseous state. LNG is predominantly methane and is odorless, colorless, non-toxic, and non-corrosive. It can be transported via tankers and re-gasified for distribution as pipeline natural gas. Global LNG demand is expected to continue growing significantly in the coming decades as new supply projects are developed. Bangladesh currently imports LNG through floating storage and regasification units but is also considering developing permanent land-based LNG facilities.
The document discusses the importance of thermal efficiency in liquefied natural gas (LNG) liquefaction plants. It notes that aeroderivative gas turbines are well-suited as drivers for LNG plants due to their high efficiency and ability to start up without helper motors. The world's first LNG plant to use aeroderivative gas turbines was the Darwin LNG facility in Australia, which began operation in 2006. Higher thermal efficiency can significantly reduce operating costs over the life of an LNG plant by lowering fuel consumption.
Oil and gas infrastructure of Georgia: ongoing and prospective projectsITE Oil&Gas
Presentation at GIOGIE 2014 (Georgian International Oil, Infrastructure and Energy Conference) on oil and gas infrastructures of Georgia.
By Teimuraz Gochitashvili, Chairman of the Supervisory Board, Georgian Oil and Gas Corporation (GOGC)
This document discusses the promotion of compressed natural gas (CNG) as a transportation fuel in Tennessee. It notes that PBG Energy is partnering with others to build public CNG fueling stations and create a network across the state. The document provides facts about natural gas, including that it is safer, cleaner and more abundant than petroleum fuels. It outlines the environmental, energy security and economic benefits of using natural gas vehicles. The document also discusses CNG station design options from large transit stations to small fleet time-fill stations and provides cost estimates. It promotes the use of CNG as a cheaper, cleaner and domestic fuel alternative that improves energy security.
Natural Gas Vehicle Facility Modifications 101, Stephe Yborra, Director, Markets & Technologies Development, NGVAmerica.org & Rick Mendoza, Director of Facility Modifications, Clean Energy Fuels.
Stephe Yborra will lead a comprehensive overview of recommended facility modifications for CNG & LNG fuelling.
Will cover a comprehensive list of the applicable codes and standards for maintenance facilities to accommodate natural gas vehicles. The presentation outlines the intent, rational, and assumptions behind the codes, and it contains a decision tree to ensure facilities meet requirements without over-modifying.
Panelist, Rick Mendoza, Director of Facility Modification Services for Clean Energy Fuels will contribute throughout and be involved in Q&A providing answers and perspectives on critical specification, design and installation questions
Economic impact assessment of hydrogen energypradeepchanda2
The document discusses the potential economic impacts of hydrogen energy. It analyzes the necessary investments to build hydrogen infrastructure and impacts on employment, GDP, and international competitiveness. The success of a green hydrogen economy depends on hydrogen being competitive under future market conditions. Building infrastructure will require substantial investments of £3.5-11.4 billion by 2035 in the UK. Minimizing conversion, storage, and transport costs can improve hydrogen's commercial competitiveness. The document also examines scenarios for hydrogen market capture and impacts on GDP and employment in Australia.
Overcapacity in eu and nafta where is it? by Marcel Genet Laplace ConseilAudrey Bayard
The document discusses the shift from integrated steel mills to minimills over the last 40 years. Minimills, which use electric arc furnaces to melt scrap steel, have lower costs and more flexibility than traditional blast furnace mills. The share of steel produced by minimills has been growing steadily in Europe and North America. Recently, access to cheap shale gas in the US has improved the competitiveness of direct reduced iron plants, which may further increase minimills' market share. Most overcapacity in the steel industry is currently found in integrated blast furnace mills, especially in Europe and North America.
Making the CNG Virtual Pipeline a Reality for Transportation Natural Gas (TNG)Jolynn Kennedy, CIMS-GB
No natural gas pipeline? No problem. You can facilitate off-pipeline vehicle fueling for CNG transportation fleet. Learn how by checking out this informative presentation by Broadwind | SAFE, XNG and Hexagon Composites.
Presentation at GIOGIE 2014 (Georgian International Oil, Infrastructure and Energy Conference) on Oil in Georgia.
By Wolfgang Nachtmann, Business Development, MND Georgia
AmericaCNG offers oil producers a solution to deal with natural gas that is currently being flared at wellheads due to a lack of pipeline infrastructure. They provide portable natural gas liquid separation and liquefaction units that extract liquids and convert gas to LNG at the wellhead. This allows producers to realize value from natural gas resources and comply with regulations limiting gas flaring, while AmericaCNG transports extracted liquids and LNG to market. AmericaCNG's equipment and services require no upfront capital costs for producers and provide income through payments based on natural gas liquid production.
Introduction to Gas Transportation and Storage technology including pipeline, CNG, LNG, GTL, GTW, methane hydrate, and the importance of gas sales agreement in a gas value chain.
Le 03 Natural Gas (NG) Transportation and DistributionNsulangi Paul
This module describes means of transportation and distribution of natural gas from production area to the end user or consumers. The module analyzes various methods such as pipeline, liquefied natural gas (LNG), compressed natural gas (CNG), gas to liquid fuel (GtL), gas to wire (GtW) as well as gas to hydrate (GtH).
PLG MARS Presentation Energy Logistics 070913PLG Consulting
This document discusses the impacts of increased shale oil and gas development on freight transportation and logistics. Key points include:
1) Advances in hydraulic fracturing and horizontal drilling have driven large increases in U.S. oil and natural gas production from shale plays. This has disrupted traditional supply chains and driven growth in related industries like petrochemicals and steel manufacturing.
2) Shale development requires large volumes of frac sand, water, and other inputs to be transported to well sites by rail and truck. It also produces oil, natural gas, and natural gas liquids that must be moved out of plays through pipelines, rail, and trucks.
3) Abundant natural gas supplies are displacing coal
PLG Presents to Midwest Association of Rail ShippersPLG Consulting
On July 9, 2013, CEO Graham Brisben presented PLG’s perspective of the shifting economy by examining the impact of crude by rail in today’s marketplace. More specifically, Graham discussed the impact of shale oil and gas which is upending traditional logistics and trading patterns in the energy industry which has started an industrial renaissance in the U.S.
PLG Rail Equipment Finance Presentation March 2014PLG Consulting
This document provides an overview of shale development impacts on transportation and logistics. It discusses how shale development has increased demand for rail transportation of materials like frac sand, crude oil, and feedstocks. It also notes that while shale-related rail traffic has grown, it remains relatively small compared to existing coal volumes. The document summarizes trends in various shale-related commodities and outlines questions around the future of industries like frac sand and crude by rail.
This document discusses the impact of unconventional energy resources like shale oil and gas and oil sands on rail transportation in North America. It notes that technological advances have enabled increased production from these resources, driving growth in related rail shipments of materials like frac sand and crude oil. However, pipeline capacity constraints currently necessitate significant crude by rail shipments, especially of Canadian oil. The document also examines proposed regulations on rail shipments of crude oil and their potential effects. Overall rail traffic of frac sand and crude oil has grown rapidly but further growth depends on regulatory and infrastructure developments.
Robinson presents shale gas implactions for US manufacturing renaissancePLG Consulting
PLG President Taylor Robinson presents "Shale Gas Implications For US Manufacturing Renaissance" at Reinvesting in American Manufacturing conference in Houston, TX.
The Energy Opportunity in Oil & Natural Gas: Crude Oil is Only the BeginningPLG Consulting
On June 3, 2013, Gordon Heisler, Senior Consultant at PLG Consulting presented at the American Railway Development Association’s 107th Annual Meeting in San Francisco, CA. Gordon’s presentation, entitled “The Energy Opportunity in Oil & Natural Gas. Crude Oil is Only the Beginning,” analyzes and forecasts the dramatic impact of shale oil and gas which has upended traditional logistics and trading patterns in the energy industry, starting an industrial renaissance in the US.
This document provides an overview of PLG Consulting, a logistics and supply chain consulting firm, and discusses how shale gas development is driving a manufacturing revolution in the United States. It notes that technological advances have unlocked previously inaccessible shale gas resources, lowering energy costs and providing abundant feedstocks. This low-cost shale gas and natural gas liquids are attracting manufacturing industries back to the US and driving expansion of existing chemical and industrial facilities. The document outlines impacts along the natural gas supply chain from production through processing, transportation and end use.
PLG REFC presentation "Shale Development: The Evolving Transportation Impacts"PLG Consulting
This document provides an overview of shale development impacts on transportation and logistics. Key points include:
- Shale development has increased demand for rail transportation of frac sand, crude oil, and other products over the last decade.
- Frac sand and crude oil by rail volumes have grown significantly since 2010 but remain smaller than coal volumes transported by rail.
- Low natural gas prices are driving growth in gas-intensive industries like steel, fertilizer, and methanol production in the US.
- Abundant and low-cost natural gas and natural gas liquids from shale are enhancing competitiveness of US manufacturing industries over the long term.
PLG Headlines General Session at NAFTANEXT Conference
PLG Consulting’s CEO, Graham Brisben, and President, Taylor Robinson, delivered the General Session presentation entitled New Energy: The Game-Changer in North America on Thursday, April 24 at the 2014 NAFTANEXT Conference.
Held in Chicago, IL, NAFTANEXT is a tri-national summit focused on the future of North American supply chains. The agenda of this annual event touches on environmental, energy, safety, and profitability issues in the freight industry.
PLG Provides Industry Update to Stifel Nicolaus InvestorsPLG Consulting
On May 24, 2013, PLG CEO Graham Brisben and President Taylor Robinson presented to industry investors and analysts via teleconference sponsored by Stifel Nicolaus Capital Markets. Graham’s presentation was entitled “Crude by Rail Update.” Taylor’s presentation was entitled “Shale Gas – Driver of Reshoring.” The presentations addressed the current crude-by-rail market in the US, as well as industry trends leading to a renewed reshoring focus for US manufacturers.
This document summarizes a conference call hosted by Stifel Capital Markets on December 9, 2013. The call featured two presentations on topics related to the shale gas and oil industries in the United States: 1) The implications of shale gas for the resurgence of US manufacturing, presented by Taylor Robinson of PLG Consulting. 2) An analysis of the growth of crude oil transport by rail, or "crude by rail", presented by Graham Brisben also of PLG Consulting. The document provides background on PLG Consulting and outlines the agenda and dial-in details for the conference call.
This document provides an overview of energy production, transportation, and consumption. It discusses topics like fracking, the Keystone XL pipeline, coal and natural gas production, and unconventional oil and gas resources. It also summarizes changes in North American energy infrastructure and flows to accommodate increasing domestic production.
PLG Provides Industry Updates to GE CapitalPLG Consulting
On October 15, 2013, PLG CEO Graham Brisben presented to GE Capital in New York, New York. Graham’s presentation addressed transportation updates in the Oil & Gas market which have upended traditional logistics and trading patterns in the energy industry, starting an industrial renaissance in the U.S.
This document provides an overview of the impacts of shale development on freight transportation. It discusses how advances in hydraulic fracturing and horizontal drilling have driven rapid growth in natural gas and oil production in the US. This has created demand for transportation of materials to well sites like sand, chemicals, water and pipe as well as outbound shipments of gas, NGLs, crude and refined products. It notes the impacts on rail traffic volumes and discusses trends in sand mining, transportation costs and railcar market conditions. The document also summarizes downstream impacts including fuel switching in power generation favoring gas over coal, and industrial growth in steel, fertilizer and other manufacturing sectors due to lower natural gas prices.
Goldman sachs industrial conference nov 12, 2014 t robinsonPLG Consulting
Taylor Robinson of PLG Consulting gave a presentation on how shale gas will drive a US manufacturing revolution. The presentation discussed:
1) How technological advances like fracking and horizontal drilling have unlocked vast shale gas resources in North America, leading to an energy revolution with lower domestic energy costs.
2) How the abundance of shale gas and natural gas liquids (NGLs) like ethane provide a competitive advantage for US chemical and manufacturing industries that use gas and NGLs as feedstocks or fuel.
3) That the US now has a substantial material cost advantage compared to other regions due to low gas prices, which could enable traditional manufacturing to return to North America as material costs typically represent 60-70% of
PLG Consulting’s CEO, Graham Brisben presented his presentation Shale Developments: The Evolving Transportation Impacts to the Broe Group on June 23, 2014.
MARS Meeting Summer 2015-North American Energy Revolution-Implications for RailPLG Consulting
This presentation features an overview of the North American energy market with updates on PLG's Crude by Rail And Frac Sand Market report. PLG's expert analysis included market intelligence on the small covered hopper market and the U.S. industrial expansion from the shale gas production increase.
PLG Consulting "Crude By Rail Report" at RailtrendsPLG Consulting
On November 21, 2013, CEO Graham Brisben presented at Railtrends Conference in New York, NY. Graham’s presentation, entitled “Crude By Rail Report,” is a consolidated version of PLG’s well-known Energy Logistics presentation with an emphasis on the following topics:
• Shale oil and oil sands impacts on crude by rail, new rail terminals, and new pipelines
• Lac Megantic’s effect on crude by rail and the tank car market
• Future crude oil logistics and trading patterns
If you have specific questions on energy related logistics or need strategic advice on the fast changing shale oil and gas industry, contact Graham at gbrisben@plgconsulting.com.
The document summarizes the implications of the North American energy revolution for rail transportation. It discusses how new extraction technologies have led to surging domestic production of oil, gas and NGLs, displacing many imports. This has led to growth in crude-by-rail as production outpaced pipeline capacity, especially for Bakken crude moving to refineries. It forecasts crude-by-rail volumes remaining stable as pipelines are built out slowly, and prices expected to rebound after a challenging 2015 enables continued production growth and frac sand/crude-by-rail demand.
Similar to Rail summit gb presentation vgb final 060614 (20)
From Upstream to Downstream: Opportunities and Challenges for RailPLG Consulting
With unprecedented highs in crude, NGL, and natural gas production, the US is leveraging abundant and low-cost hydrocarbons to become one of the largest energy and chemicals suppliers to the world. PLG Consulting’s CEO Graham Brisben details why this is happening and what it means for rail shipments and car demand in sand, refined products, chemicals, and other commodities. Download this free presentation given at the Rail Equipment Finance Conference 2019. In it, you’ll discover:
- What’s expected for frac sand rail shipments in 2019
- How small cube hoppers are affecting cars in storage
- The biggest stories that represent potential new rail volumes/tank car demand
- The forecast for shale-driven industrial investment
Frac Sand Market and Logistics, Plus Special Report on Permian Takeaway Logis...PLG Consulting
Frac sand supply was barely keeping up with growing demand in the 2nd quarter 2018. What changed in Q3? Was the number of Permian mines expanding or shrinking? What was happening to sand prices? Get these answers and more in this free presentation.
North American Oil & Gas and Petrochemical Supply Chain: Latest Impact to RailPLG Consulting
With the current news cycle, keeping well-informed about the petrochemical, oil and gas industries can be a full-time job. Executives looking to improve their operations and understand market dynamics should check out this presentation given by PLG Consulting at the Midwest Association of Rail Shippers (MARS) 2018 Summer Meeting, where we covered:
- How oil prices will affect hydrocarbon production
- Key frac sand and logistics trends
- Opportunities for chemical, plastics and crude by rail
- Petrochemical investment forecasts
How Northeast Petrochemical Logistics Will Change The Industry LandscapePLG Consulting
In this presentation, originally given at the Northeast U.S. Petrochemical Conference in the summer of 2018, PLG Consulting covered:
- Development factors and challenges in NE petrochemical production over the next decade and what it means for rail shipments and car demand in sand, refined products, chemicals, and other commodities
- Best practices in petrochemical industry logistics
- Developing logistics and supply chain strategies that lead to a competitive advantage
Supply is barely keeping up with growing demand in Q2, see when new supply will overtake demand, frac sand growth drivers, frac sand mega trends, and much more.
Pipeline capacity in the Permian Basin is approaching maximum capacity, leaving up to 740,000 barrels per day of crude stranded by September 2019 according to PLG Consulting. Alternatives like rail and trucking cannot make up the capacity shortfall. This will result in an estimated $40 million per day or 200 million barrels of unrealized revenue for Permian producers over the next 16 months until new pipeline projects are completed. To mitigate the capacity constraints, producers may be forced to shift rigs and completions to other shale plays in order to maintain production growth goals.
The U.S. Truck Market In Crisis - PLG Consulting PLG Consulting
After an extended period of ample truckload capacity and weak carrier pricing power, U.S. shippers are now finding themselves in a tight market with rapidly rising rates. Major truck shippers are having trouble covering loads, paying higher spot rates and are facing increasing intermodal costs. View this presentation to learn why and what you can do about it or visit our website for the full webinar recording.
The Future Has Arrived: Petrochemicals And Energy By Rail | Southwest Rail Sh...PLG Consulting
The document summarizes a presentation given by Graham Brisben, CEO of PLG Consulting, at an annual meeting on February 21, 2018 in San Antonio, TX. The presentation covers topics including the energy and chemicals supply chain, recent developments in energy production and energy-by-rail transportation, and the ongoing US chemical industry build-out driven by shale gas resources. Charts and figures are included to illustrate trends in areas such as crude oil production, frac sand consumption, regional sand mine development, and projected industrial investment and rail impacts through 2025 resulting from shale gas-related expansion.
From Drilling to Downstream: Opportunities And Challenges For Rail Carriers |...PLG Consulting
With new highs in crude, NGL, and natural gas production, the US is leveraging abundant and low-cost hydrocarbons to become one of the largest suppliers of energy and chemicals to the world. PLG Consulting’s CEO Graham Brisben explains why this is happening and what it means for rail shipments and car demand in sand, refined products, chemicals, and other commodities.
Petrochemical Supply Chain and Logistics 2017PLG Consulting
This document summarizes the presentation by Taylor Robinson of PLG Consulting on shale gas, industrial expansion, and polyethylene. The presentation covers:
1) An overview of the US shale gas revolution and its impact on markets and logistics.
2) The impact of industrial build-out driven by shale gas, including $145B in investments through 2025 focused on petrochemicals and plastics in Texas and Louisiana.
3) Updates on North American polyethylene expansion, including capacity growth of 31% by 2020 that will require exports to grow from 2.5MM tons currently to over 6MM tons.
Permian basin frac design & New completions technologies 2017PLG Consulting
This document discusses trends in the frac sand market and Permian basin frac sand trends. Some key points:
- Regional frac sand is growing its market share as it provides lower total delivered costs compared to northern white sand transported long distances. New regional sand mines are opening in Texas to supply the growing Permian basin demand.
- The Permian basin frac sand demand is growing rapidly due to increasing rig counts, lateral lengths, and sand intensity in completions. Dune sand mines are proliferating in West Texas to supply this demand but face challenges from water availability, wildlife regulations, and lack of available workforce.
- As frac sand volumes increase, the focus is shifting to "last mile" logistics of transport
North american energy & Petchem Markets Future Impact to railPLG Consulting
This document summarizes the presentation given by PLG Consulting on the future impact of North American energy and petrochemicals on rail. Key points include:
- Growing US oil and gas production, especially in the Permian basin, is supporting a return to growth for crude by rail despite declines since 2013 peaks. LPG by rail has surpassed crude in volume.
- Fracking techniques are becoming more intensive, requiring more sand and water per well, driving increased demand for proppants and frac sand transported by rail. Frac sand volumes have recovered to near peak levels.
- Western Canadian crude production growth over the next two years will outpace new pipeline capacity, increasing crude by rail volumes from the current 125
JP Morgan Transportation and Logistics - Frac Sand UpdatePLG Consulting
This document provides an overview and analysis of the frac sand supply chain and market. It discusses trends driving increased use of regional frac sand sources, such as higher intensity drilling increasing sand volumes used per well. The emergence of sand mines in the Permian Basin is a major development that could significantly reduce logistics costs. However, challenges for Permian sand include developing adequate infrastructure and workforce to support major volumes. The document also covers the impacts of new regulations on trucking and silica dust exposure.
This document discusses PLG Consulting's expertise in bulk commodity logistics, energy and chemical markets, and logistics infrastructure design. It provides an overview of PLG's team experience, core expertise, and services. It also includes presentations on trends in US shale energy supply chains including production and transportation of crude oil, natural gas, natural gas liquids, and frac sand.
-Sandonomics ’17 - Regionalized Value, Distance Matters to the DJ and Bakken was presented on September 13, 2017 at the 5th Frac Sand Conference hosted by Industrial Minerals Events in Denver, Colorado. Taylor Robinson, President of PLG Consulting, and Joel Schneyer, Managing Director at Headwaters MB, provided the latest analysis of the fluctuating frac sand market. The presentation included a look at proppant consumption and grade preferences by basin, insights into the logistical challenges and requirements, and the latest information for frac suppliers to manage costs from the mine to the well head.
schneyer robinson
.5th frac sand_conf_
Expert Perspective on the Frac Sand Market and Supply Chain - schneyer robinson PLG Consulting
Latest analysis on the frac sand market and supply chain. Expert Perspectives on the Frac Sand Market and Supply Chain.
Schneyer Robinson
06082017 final
PLG presents, "From Mine To Market: Overcoming Supply Chain Hurdles" at 3rd F...PLG Consulting
PLG president, Taylor Robinson spoke at the 3rd annual Frac Sand Conference, an Industrial Minerals Event, held in Minneapolis, Minnesota on September 1, 2015. PLG’s presentation, From Mine To Market: Overcoming Supply Chain Hurdles, featured the latest market intelligence on the effects of the global and U.S. energy markets on the frac sand market with updates on each link of the frac sand supply chain and the small covered hopper car market. Robinson also spoke about the latest fracking technology and its impacts on the short term outlook of the frac sand industry along with opportunities for long term growth. Robinson also moderated the three logistics sessions at the conference.
This document summarizes key logistical challenges that could impact petrochemical engineering project timelines. It notes that logistics capacity constraints will increase over the next decade due to rail, trucking, and marine congestion. Both project and operational logistics require expertise to navigate these challenges. The document recommends integrating logistics experts throughout the project life cycle to provide flexibility and avoid cost overruns from unforeseen logistical issues.
PLG Consulting Appalachian logistics League May 5, 2015PLG Consulting
PLG president, Taylor Robinson spoke on May 5, 2015 at the 65th annual Appalachian Logistics League meeting. Mr. Robinson presentedThe North American Energy Revolution: The Implication for Logistics. The meeting was an opportunity for members to network and discuss the ever changing industry of Supply Chain and Logistics with a primary focus on the impacts to the region.
This presentation by OECD, OECD Secretariat, was made during the discussion “Pro-competitive Industrial Policy” held at the 143rd meeting of the OECD Competition Committee on 12 June 2024. More papers and presentations on the topic can be found at oe.cd/pcip.
This presentation was uploaded with the author’s consent.
This presentation by OECD, OECD Secretariat, was made during the discussion “Competition and Regulation in Professions and Occupations” held at the 77th meeting of the OECD Working Party No. 2 on Competition and Regulation on 10 June 2024. More papers and presentations on the topic can be found at oe.cd/crps.
This presentation was uploaded with the author’s consent.
Why Psychological Safety Matters for Software Teams - ACE 2024 - Ben Linders.pdfBen Linders
Psychological safety in teams is important; team members must feel safe and able to communicate and collaborate effectively to deliver value. It’s also necessary to build long-lasting teams since things will happen and relationships will be strained.
But, how safe is a team? How can we determine if there are any factors that make the team unsafe or have an impact on the team’s culture?
In this mini-workshop, we’ll play games for psychological safety and team culture utilizing a deck of coaching cards, The Psychological Safety Cards. We will learn how to use gamification to gain a better understanding of what’s going on in teams. Individuals share what they have learned from working in teams, what has impacted the team’s safety and culture, and what has led to positive change.
Different game formats will be played in groups in parallel. Examples are an ice-breaker to get people talking about psychological safety, a constellation where people take positions about aspects of psychological safety in their team or organization, and collaborative card games where people work together to create an environment that fosters psychological safety.
This presentation by Professor Giuseppe Colangelo, Jean Monnet Professor of European Innovation Policy, was made during the discussion “The Intersection between Competition and Data Privacy” held at the 143rd meeting of the OECD Competition Committee on 13 June 2024. More papers and presentations on the topic can be found at oe.cd/ibcdp.
This presentation was uploaded with the author’s consent.
The importance of sustainable and efficient computational practices in artificial intelligence (AI) and deep learning has become increasingly critical. This webinar focuses on the intersection of sustainability and AI, highlighting the significance of energy-efficient deep learning, innovative randomization techniques in neural networks, the potential of reservoir computing, and the cutting-edge realm of neuromorphic computing. This webinar aims to connect theoretical knowledge with practical applications and provide insights into how these innovative approaches can lead to more robust, efficient, and environmentally conscious AI systems.
Webinar Speaker: Prof. Claudio Gallicchio, Assistant Professor, University of Pisa
Claudio Gallicchio is an Assistant Professor at the Department of Computer Science of the University of Pisa, Italy. His research involves merging concepts from Deep Learning, Dynamical Systems, and Randomized Neural Systems, and he has co-authored over 100 scientific publications on the subject. He is the founder of the IEEE CIS Task Force on Reservoir Computing, and the co-founder and chair of the IEEE Task Force on Randomization-based Neural Networks and Learning Systems. He is an associate editor of IEEE Transactions on Neural Networks and Learning Systems (TNNLS).
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This presentation by OECD, OECD Secretariat, was made during the discussion “Artificial Intelligence, Data and Competition” held at the 143rd meeting of the OECD Competition Committee on 12 June 2024. More papers and presentations on the topic can be found at oe.cd/aicomp.
This presentation was uploaded with the author’s consent.
This presentation by Katharine Kemp, Associate Professor at the Faculty of Law & Justice at UNSW Sydney, was made during the discussion “The Intersection between Competition and Data Privacy” held at the 143rd meeting of the OECD Competition Committee on 13 June 2024. More papers and presentations on the topic can be found at oe.cd/ibcdp.
This presentation was uploaded with the author’s consent.
Carrer goals.pptx and their importance in real lifeartemacademy2
Career goals serve as a roadmap for individuals, guiding them toward achieving long-term professional aspirations and personal fulfillment. Establishing clear career goals enables professionals to focus their efforts on developing specific skills, gaining relevant experience, and making strategic decisions that align with their desired career trajectory. By setting both short-term and long-term objectives, individuals can systematically track their progress, make necessary adjustments, and stay motivated. Short-term goals often include acquiring new qualifications, mastering particular competencies, or securing a specific role, while long-term goals might encompass reaching executive positions, becoming industry experts, or launching entrepreneurial ventures.
Moreover, having well-defined career goals fosters a sense of purpose and direction, enhancing job satisfaction and overall productivity. It encourages continuous learning and adaptation, as professionals remain attuned to industry trends and evolving job market demands. Career goals also facilitate better time management and resource allocation, as individuals prioritize tasks and opportunities that advance their professional growth. In addition, articulating career goals can aid in networking and mentorship, as it allows individuals to communicate their aspirations clearly to potential mentors, colleagues, and employers, thereby opening doors to valuable guidance and support. Ultimately, career goals are integral to personal and professional development, driving individuals toward sustained success and fulfillment in their chosen fields.
This presentation by Thibault Schrepel, Associate Professor of Law at Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam University, was made during the discussion “Artificial Intelligence, Data and Competition” held at the 143rd meeting of the OECD Competition Committee on 12 June 2024. More papers and presentations on the topic can be found at oe.cd/aicomp.
This presentation was uploaded with the author’s consent.
This presentation by Juraj Čorba, Chair of OECD Working Party on Artificial Intelligence Governance (AIGO), was made during the discussion “Artificial Intelligence, Data and Competition” held at the 143rd meeting of the OECD Competition Committee on 12 June 2024. More papers and presentations on the topic can be found at oe.cd/aicomp.
This presentation was uploaded with the author’s consent.
This presentation by Yong Lim, Professor of Economic Law at Seoul National University School of Law, was made during the discussion “Artificial Intelligence, Data and Competition” held at the 143rd meeting of the OECD Competition Committee on 12 June 2024. More papers and presentations on the topic can be found at oe.cd/aicomp.
This presentation was uploaded with the author’s consent.
This presentation by OECD, OECD Secretariat, was made during the discussion “The Intersection between Competition and Data Privacy” held at the 143rd meeting of the OECD Competition Committee on 13 June 2024. More papers and presentations on the topic can be found at oe.cd/ibcdp.
This presentation was uploaded with the author’s consent.
1.) Introduction
Our Movement is not new; it is the same as it was for Freedom, Justice, and Equality since we were labeled as slaves. However, this movement at its core must entail economics.
2.) Historical Context
This is the same movement because none of the previous movements, such as boycotts, were ever completed. For some, maybe, but for the most part, it’s just a place to keep your stable until you’re ready to assimilate them into your system. The rest of the crabs are left in the world’s worst parts, begging for scraps.
3.) Economic Empowerment
Our Movement aims to show that it is indeed possible for the less fortunate to establish their economic system. Everyone else – Caucasian, Asian, Mexican, Israeli, Jews, etc. – has their systems, and they all set up and usurp money from the less fortunate. So, the less fortunate buy from every one of them, yet none of them buy from the less fortunate. Moreover, the less fortunate really don’t have anything to sell.
4.) Collaboration with Organizations
Our Movement will demonstrate how organizations such as the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People, National Urban League, Black Lives Matter, and others can assist in creating a much more indestructible Black Wall Street.
5.) Vision for the Future
Our Movement will not settle for less than those who came before us and stopped before the rights were equal. The economy, jobs, healthcare, education, housing, incarceration – everything is unfair, and what isn’t is rigged for the less fortunate to fail, as evidenced in society.
6.) Call to Action
Our movement has started and implemented everything needed for the advancement of the economic system. There are positions for only those who understand the importance of this movement, as failure to address it will continue the degradation of the people deemed less fortunate.
No, this isn’t Noah’s Ark, nor am I a Prophet. I’m just a man who wrote a couple of books, created a magnificent website: http://www.thearkproject.llc, and who truly hopes to try and initiate a truly sustainable economic system for deprived people. We may not all have the same beliefs, but if our methods are tried, tested, and proven, we can come together and help others. My website: http://www.thearkproject.llc is very informative and considerably controversial. Please check it out, and if you are afraid, leave immediately; it’s no place for cowards. The last Prophet said: “Whoever among you sees an evil action, then let him change it with his hand [by taking action]; if he cannot, then with his tongue [by speaking out]; and if he cannot, then, with his heart – and that is the weakest of faith.” [Sahih Muslim] If we all, or even some of us, did this, there would be significant change. We are able to witness it on small and grand scales, for example, from climate control to business partnerships. I encourage, invite, and challenge you all to support me by visiting my website.
2. 2
Boutique consulting firm with team members
throughout North America
Established in 2001
Over 90 clients and 250 engagements
Significant shale development practice since 2010
Practice Areas
Logistics
Engineering
Supply Chain
Consulting services
Strategy & optimization
Assessments & best practice benchmarking
Logistics assets & infrastructure development
Supply Chain design & operations
Hazmat training, auditing & risk assessment
M&A/investments/private equity
Industry verticals
Energy
Bulk commodities
Manufactured goods
Financial services
About PLG Consulting
Shale Development: The Evolving Transportation Impacts
Partial Client List
3. 3
What is behind the North American energy revolution?
Resources
• N.A. shale plays
• Western Canadian
oil sands
Technologies examples
• Hydraulic fracturing
• Horizontal drilling
• Steam Assisted
Gravity Drainage
(SAGD)
• Evolving exploration
and production
technologies
• Tremendous
productivity gains
drives cost reductions
• Logistics infrastructure
“re-plumbing” in
progress
• Product abundance…
overabundance
• Imports displaced…
exports grow
• Recoverable resources
grow…sustainability
• Globally competitive
power and material
cost structure
• Manufacturing
industries grow/return
to North America
Recoverable
Resources &
Enabling
Technologies
Continuous
Improvement
Energy Revolution
Shale Development: The Evolving Transportation Impacts
4. 4
Unconventional Energy Resources
North America Shale Western Canada Oil Sands
Source: CAPP, About Oil
Sands, June 2013
New Energy: The Game Changer in North America
New production technology developed by small
entities allowing numerous players
“Mass production” methodologies developed
Multi-billion dollar capital investments required by
few players
Production process will harvest oil over long term
Source: EIA, May 2014
5. 5
Convergence of hydraulic fracturing and
horizontal drilling in last five years
Fracking first used in 1947
Revolutionary advances since 2009
Yields 3-10x the initial production rate of conventional
wells
US uniquely positioned for the techniques
Private mineral rights
Drilling intensity (wells per acre)
90% of rig fleet equipped for horizontal drilling
Location of shale plays
Rapid ROI for E&P companies
Typical well earns back capital cost in 1-2 years
Depending on play productivity, “break even” price of
~$65/bbl (WTI) for oil and $3.50/Mbtu for gas
Liquid plays providing highest returns currently and a
majority of drilling rigs are focused on liquids
Oil /Gas rig count split at ~80% / 20% from ~20% / 80%
five years ago
ShaleTechnology Introduction
GAS OIL THERMAL
Source: Baker Hughes
Shale Development: The Evolving Transportation Impacts
6. 6
More well bores per well pad
Directional bores to multiple shale layers
Reduced well spacing per acreage – increases well density
Zipper wells – stimulating two wells in tandem
Optimal lateral lengths
Lateral lengths had tripled since the start of horizontal drilling,
but this trend is being challenged by new practices
Zone fracturing
Micro-fracture testing at multiple points vs. one average test
that enables highest extractions of each zone
Shorter, fatter fractures
Bigger holes in casing combined with additionalsand and
water use
Productivity gains continue!
Time required for drilling 15,000+ ft. well cut in half in last two years
(9 days vs. 18 days)
Eagle Ford example – new well oil production per rig has increased
by 150% over past 3 years
Lowers break even costs drive profitability improvements
New FrackingTechniques Drive Increased Production At Lower Costs
Source: Marathon, February 2014
Shale Development: The Evolving Transportation Impacts
Source: EIA Drilling Productivity Report, May 2014
7. 7
Oil (bitumen) recovery uses two main methods
- mining and drilling (in situ)
20% of the Oil Sands reserves are close enough to the
surface to be mined using shovels and trucks (3% of oil
sands land area)
80% of the Oil Sands reserves will be recovered in situ by
drilling wells (97% of oil sands land area)
Steam Assisted Gravity Drainage (SAGD) is
most popular method
Two parallel wells are drilled
Upper well has high pressure steam continuously injected
Lower well recovers softened bitumen
Diluent is added to the bitumen (15~30%)
Diluent is very light oil or “condensate”
Enables the product to flow through pipelines and be
loaded into rail cars
Bitumen extraction has become profitable as
extraction technologies improved
Economical at ~ $ 45 - $ 65/bbl
Oil Sands Production Processes
Mining
Source: www.epmag.com
Drilling - SAGD
Shale Development: The Evolving Transportation Impacts
8. 8
Russia
Siberian reserves are said to be 80X of Bakken
Total, Shell, Exxon, Statoil all investing
Second place soon?
China
Reserves in remote, mountainous locations
Technology transfer challenges
Only one oil company involved – stifles innovation
Argentina
Concerns with governmental regulation, price controls
Struggling with high cost proppants
Poland
Reserves not productive so far – Exxon, Marathon gave
up
UK
Some gas reserves
Government support, but intense environmental
opposition
Is Shale Energy A North American Phenomenon?
Source: EIA, June 2013
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
ShaleOil Resources
(Billion bbls)
0
200
400
600
800
1,000
1,200
ShaleGas Resources
(Tcf)
Technically Recoverable Resources, Source: EIA, June 2013
Shale Development: The Evolving Transportation Impacts
9. 9
Shale Supply Chain and Downstream Impacts
Feedstock (Ethane)
Byproduct
(Condensate)
Home Heating
(Propane)
Other Fuels
Other Fuels
Gasoline
Gas
NGLs
Crude
Proppants
OCTG
Chemicals
Water
Cement
Generation
Process Feedstocks
All Manufacturing
Steel
Fertilizer (Ammonia)
Methanol
Chemicals
Petroleum Products
Petro-chemicals
Inputs Wellhead
Direct
Output
Thermal Fuels Raw Materials
Downstream
Products
RAIL INDUSTRY DEMAND2010 onward 2016 onward
Shale Development: The Evolving Transportation Impacts
10. 10
U.S. Frac Sand IndustryTrends
Sand
33%
Rail - Freight, FSC
and Eqp Lease
42%
Destination
Transload &
Trucking
25%
Total DeliveredCost perTon ~ $122
Source: PLG analysis using BNSF public pricing –
does not include fixed assets at origin or
destination, December 2013
Logistics costs drive
~ 67% of total
delivered sand cost
Rapid growth and maturation of both industries
(hydraulic fracturing and sand production) over the past
5 years
Sand supply base growing and consolidating at
the same time
Mines continue to open; supply base is consolidating
Large fluctuations in price of sand based on
supply/demand balance
Significant production growth beyond WI in IL and MO
due to new demand for 100 mesh sand
Unit train shipping is the game-changing logistics
development – spurring investment in larger load-out
sand transload facilities
“Benchmark” high-efficiency unit train example – Illinois
to South Texas
Single-line haul (one rail carrier), private railcars achieving two round
trips per month, origin sand facility has direct rail load-out and
destination trucking is less than 100 miles
Shale Development: The Evolving Transportation Impacts
11. 11
Natural gas now supplying 27% of U.S.
Electricity Generation
US coal electricity generation share capture has
dropped 10% from 2006
Adversely affecting coal industry,
railroad coal loadings
2013 coal production hit 20 year low (less than
1B s/t)
Export opportunities diminishing due to weak
demand in Europe, declining demand and
competition in Asia
Despite recent increases in prices,
natural gas share capture expected to
maintain or grow
EPA proposed mandate that power plants cut
CO2 emissions by 30% by 2030 from 2005 levels
Scheduled coal unit retirements; 55GW
through 2020
Natural Gas Displacement of Coal forThermal Generation
Shale Development: The Evolving Transportation Impacts
Source: Devon Energy Investor Presentation, June 2014
U.S. Natural Gas
Cumulative Coal Retirement Demand Forecast
12. 12
2008 2010 2012 2014 2016 2018 2020
Shale Development: The Evolving Transportation Impacts
Source: American Chemistry Council, February 2014
>$100B of Chemical Expansion
Announced
Phase I - Gas & Power-intensive Industries:
Steel, Fertilizer, Methanol
Phase II - Downstream Products:
Resins, Chemicals
Phase III – “Manufacturing”:
Raw material cost driven
Phase I – Industries using gas as primary
feedstock have global cost competitiveness;
new US factories being built
Phase II – Downstream products require
significant processing facilities investment
and lead time
Phase III – US material cost advantage will
enable traditional manufacturing to return
to the North America as about 65% of the
cost of manufactured product is material
cost
Shale Gas Phased ImpactTo NA Industrial Renaissance
SHALE
GAS
BOOM
13. 13
Shale Gas History and Future Demand
Gas production has increased over past five years
with a significantly lower gas rig count
1,000 rigs at peak down to ~300 rigs
Drilling productivity continues to increase production per well
and lower costs
And the Liquids (Crude, NGL) wells produce dry natural gas as a
by-product
Abundant US gas recoverable reserves
Low cost reserves in accessible locations near population
Marcellus gas production is the “eighth largest country” already
US will become a net gas exporter by 2020
US gas demand will grow due to:
Coal-fired generation plant converting to gas
More industrial use – steel, fertilizer, methanol
Mexican export via pipeline and LNG export overseas
Increasing use as transportation fuel
US gas cost competitiveness is sustainable
Supply will overwhelm demand as prices approach $5
US government and capital constraints will likely limit LNG
export to protect US from world gas market price Source: RBN Energy, January 2014
Shale Development: The Evolving Transportation Impacts
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
0
500
1,000
1,500
2,000
2,500
Rig Count with Natural Gas Production
Gas Oil U.S. Natural Gas Production
rigs Bcf/d
Source: Baker Hughes, EIA, PLG Analysis, June 2014
14. 14
The “Re-Plumbing” of Hydrocarbons in North America
Shift from coastal to mid-continent
supply points necessitated “re-
plumbing” the flow of carbon-based
energy in North America
Pipeline reversals, repurposing, new starts
Crude by rail comes of age – born in the Bakken
Waterborne imports being displaced as
shale oil and oil sands production
comes online
Infrastructure built rapidly to help
facilitate new energy movements
Source: Enbridge, April 2014
Oil
Sands
Bakken
Eagle
Ford
Permian
Marcellus
Source: EIA, PLG Analysis (Google Earth), April 2014
Shale Development: The Evolving Transportation Impacts
15. 15
Repurposing and retirement of some
existing pipelines
New natural gas production has localized the supply
of natural gas for certain areas, therefore,
decreasing the need for some existing natural gas
pipelines with some converted to crude oil
New natural gas pipelines are being built
to transport natural gas out of Marcellus
REX, Phillips 66,Transcanada, Kinder Morgan,
DominionTransmission, Spectra Energy, Boardwalk
Pipeline Partners, andWilliams all involved latest
build-out of Marcellus gas pipeline capacity
New projects will provide more than 9 Bcf/d of new
take-away capacity – most slated for completion in
2015 – 2017 (RBN Energy, May 2014)
Existing gas pipelines are being made bi-directional
to allow flow towardsGulf Coast (not away),
particularly for LNG export projects
Historic reversals of import/export trade
flows
Northeast US-Canadian Maritimes
New Patterns in Natural Gas Supply & Demand
Source: Enbridge, April 2014
NaturalGas Movements
Shale Development: The Evolving Transportation Impacts
16. 16
Natural Gas Liquids (NGLs) Pipelines
from Utica/Marcellus
Mariner East to Marcus Hook, PA for export
MarinerWest exports to Sarnia, ON
ATEX to Mt. Belvieu,TX
Proposed Utica MarcellusTexas Pipeline to Mt.
Belvieu,Texas (conversion of natural gas
pipeline for most of the route)
New NGL export projects
Facility expansions and new construction
projects in Ferndale,WA and Port of Longview,
WA
Further expansions proposed by Enterprise
andTarga in their Gulf Coast export facilities
Phillips 66, EnergyTransfer,
Williams/Boardwalk and Occidental have all
proposed export facilities out of the Gulf Coast
Natural Gas Liquids Pipelines and Export
Source: MarkWest, PLG analysis, March 2014
Sarnia, ON
Mt Belvieu, TX
Marcus Hook, PA
Shale Development: The Evolving Transportation Impacts
Source: Devon Energy Investor Presentation, June 2014
NGLs Demand - LPG Exports
17. 17
Basic Facts About Crude Oil – Grades and Qualities
Heavy/sour
Higher sulfur content, yield for asphalt & diesel
Sources include
Western Canada (largest single play in North
America)
Venezuela
Mexico,Alaska North Slope
Middle East (light/sour)
Significant investments made ($48B since 2005)
at select refineries to install coker units that will
allow processing of heavy/sour
Heavy/sour crude has a natural home in Midwest
and USGulf Coast (~2.8 MM bpd demand at
USGC)
Light/sweet
Brent,WTI, and US shale play crudes (Bakken,
Permian, Niobrara, Eagle Ford) are light/sweet
US is close to saturation point on light/sweet
crude at mid-continent and USGC refining areas Source: RBN Energy
Shale Development: The Evolving Transportation Impacts
18. 18
Light/Sweet Crude Logistics
Sources: EIA, PLG analysis (Google Earth)
Light/Sweet
Heavy/Sour
Pacific
Northwest
Refiners
California
Refiners
2,525
kbpd
PADDV
Demand
Midwest Refiners
3,375
kbpd
PADD II Demand
East Coast
Refiners
PADD I Demand
1,075
kbpd
LA Gulf Coast
Refiners
TX Gulf Coast
Refiners
PADD III
Demand
8,150
kbpd
Bakken
Eagle Ford
Permian
ANS
Brent
Brent
Rail
Pipeline
Marine
Shale Development: The Evolving Transportation Impacts
20. 20
Refined Products Market Dynamics
U.S. shifted to net exporter of refined
products
Mitigated the impact of declining domestic demand
International demand increasing, especially for diesel
Exports of diesel to Latin America and Europe
Gasoline exports to Latin America
Outlet for increasing domestic crude oil which
cannot be exported without being processed
Source: Valero Investor Presentation, March 2014
Source: Valero Investor Presentation, March 2014
Source: Valero Investor Presentation, March 2014
Shale Development: The Evolving Transportation Impacts
21. 21
All oil sands pipelines are under
intense scrutiny and subject to court
challenges
None of these developments will
proceed at a pace that will match
anticipated production levels
Canadian Oil Producers adopting CBR
as a risk mitigation measure to ensure
access to markets in North America
and offshore
Main driver of crude by rail out of
Western Canada will be delta between
pipeline capacity and crude oil
production
Expect Keystone XL to be built but
with more delays
Western Canada Crude Oil Pipelines
Likely Built at Some Point
Trans Mountain Express
(Kinder Morgan)
Alberta Clipper (Enbridge)
Keystone XL (TransCanada)
Unlikely
Northern Gateway
(Enbridge)
Energy East
(TransCanada)
Shale Development: The Evolving Transportation Impacts
22. 22
Large pipeline build toTexas Gulf Coast
1.45 MMb/d added in 2012-2013 and 1.92
MMb/d to be added in 2014-2015
Large pipeline projects from Cushing including
Keystone Gulf Extension and Seaway pipelines
Other pipeline projects from Permian, Eagle
Ford, and Midwest
Bakken pipeline export capacity
Projected to increase to 715 kbpd in 2014 from
only 280 kbpd in 2010 (NDPA, Jan. ’14)
Pipeline build-out from Guernsey,WY
230 kbpd Pony Express pipeline to Cushing
(under construction)
Possibility of twinning Express-Platte pipeline
system through Guernsey toWood River, IL
US Crude Oil Pipelines
Pipeline Capacity toTexas Gulf Coast
Source: RBN Energy, December 2013
Shale Development: The Evolving Transportation Impacts
23. 23
Correlation of Operating Rig Count with Sand and Crude Carloads Handled
STCC 14413 (sand) and 13111 (petroleum) Source: US Rail Desktop, Baker Hughes, Surface Transportation Board, PLG Analysis, May 2014
0
500
1,000
1,500
2,000
2,500
0
50,000
100,000
150,000
200,000
250,000
2007 Avg. 2008 Avg. 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014
OperatingOnshoreRigs
CarloadsHandled
Operating On Shore Rigs
All Sand Carloads
Petroleum Carloads
Shale Development: The Evolving Transportation Impacts
24. 24
Shale Related RailTraffic Still Small Relative to CoalVolumes
0
500,000
1,000,000
1,500,000
2,000,000
2,500,000
2008
2009
2010
2011
2012
2013
2014
Sand Crude Coal
Carloads
Quarterly Data
Sand
Crude
Coal
Railcars Handled: Sand, Crude, & Coal
STCC 14413 (sand), 13111 (petroleum), 11212 (coal) Source: US Rail Desktop, Surface Transportation Board, PLG Analysis, March 2014
Shale Development: The Evolving Transportation Impacts
26. 26
0
200
400
600
800
1,000
1,200
Mbbl/d ND Crude Production and RailTransport
ND Production Crude by Rail
The Importance of Price Differentials to Crude by Rail
Differentials made rail attractive
Bakken and WTI differential as high as ~$20/bbl vs. Brent in
2012
CBR enables producers to sell at trading hubs with higher
benchmarks
Market response: E&P, midstream players willing
to rapidly deploy significant capital to enable
access and capitalize on spreads
Multi-modal logistics hubs in shale plays and at destination
markets (i.e. Cushing, OK, St. James, LA, Pt. Arthur, TX,
Albany, NY, Bakersfield, CA)
Lease and purchase of railcar fleets
Refineries install unit train receiving capability
Particularly coastal refineries previously captive to waterborne
imports (i.e. Philadelphia, PA, St. John, NB, Washington state)
Pipeline capacity underutilized
Rail captures 73% Bakken takeaway by April 2013
Differentials are both an incentive – and a risk –
for crude by rail
3Q 2013 a cautionary note
Source: North Dakota Pipeline Authority, January 2014, PLG Analysis
Source: North Dakota Pipeline Authority, PLG Analysis, May 2014
Shale Development: The Evolving Transportation Impacts
28. 28
Shale Development and Crude By Rail: Current Market Dynamics
Adverse 3Q 2013 market forces have reversed
WTI-Brent spread now ~$5.50/bbl
CBR rebound driven by Bakken to coasts
Weak long-term outlook for Bakken CBR to USGC
Key driver: LLS now aligned with WTI, not Brent
“Next wave” of CBR development:
Canadian Oil Sands
Terminal investments in Alberta and PADD II and III
Over 1,300 kbbl/day planned AB loading capacity through 2015
NOT like the Bakken – more challenges
Complexities of heavy/sour product handling (steaming, diluent,
unit train challenges)
Fewer destinations
Existing – and growing – mode competition to logical markets
(pipelines and barge)
Tank car market reorienting to coiled/insulated
car types (~2/3 of CBR fleet order backlog)
Source: EIA, May 2014
Source: RBN Energy, May 2014
Brent vs.WTI Spread ($/bbl)
Crude Oil Differentials ($/bbl)
Shale Development: The Evolving Transportation Impacts
29. 29
Crude RailTerminalsThrough 2017
85 load terminals
Largest and most efficient
in Bakken
69 unload terminals
Majority on the Coasts and
Mississippi River
Shale Development: The Evolving Transportation Impacts
30. 30
Bakken and Oil Sands Crude OilTakeaway Forecast
Source: www.CBRforecast.com
0
1,000
2,000
3,000
4,000
5,000
6,000
7,000
2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018
Base CaseTakeaway (kbpd)
Pipeline
Crude by Rail
Local Refining
Shale Development: The Evolving Transportation Impacts
31. 31
High Profile Accidents Changing Crude by Rail
Rail industry has a strong safety record, but optics of
CBR accidents are overwhelming any positive statistics
Industry, government, media focus on tank car design
Railroad operating practices, maintenance equally
important
Railroad operating rule changes on hazmat train handling
Increased scrutiny, insurance requirements
Short line and regional railroads in particular
May have consequences in CBR freight rates
Increased product testing, documentation and
traceability (FRA directive)
Oil chemistry varies by well/pad
Concerns with extremely low flash and boiling points
Bakken terminals at varying levels of compliance
Shale Development: The Evolving Transportation Impacts
33. 33
LNG Export Opportunity
Political/policy battle between domestic
industrial users and producers
Only FERC approved LNG export
terminal is Cheniere Energy’s Sabine Pass
LNG in Sabine, LA
Proposed US LNG ExportTerminals to
FERC (in Bcfd):
There are 13 other US potential export
terminals along with 3 Canadian
proposed sites and 10 other Canadian
potential sites
Supply Sources
Oil Prices
Destination
Markets
Capital
Location Bcfd Location Bcfd
Freeport, TX 1.8 Lavaca Bay, TX 1.38
Corpus Christi, TX 2.1 Elba Island, GA 0.35
Coos Bay, OR 0.9 Sabine Pass, LA 1.40
Lake Charles, LA 2.2 Lake Charles, LA 1.07
Hackberry, LA 1.7 Plaquemines Parish, LA 1.07
Cove Point, MD 0.82 Sabine Pass, TX 2.1
Astoria, OR 1.25 Pascagoula, MS 1.5
Shale Development: The Evolving Transportation Impacts
Source: FERC, May 2014
Source: Waterborne Energy from FERC presentation, April 2014
Data in $US/MMbtu
34. 34
Panama Canal Expansion
Has been delayed and now expected at full
capacity by 2016
Current Panamax vessel size excludes all but
10% of LNG vessels from using the canal
After expansion, 80% of LNG fleet will be
able to use the canal with vessel capacities
up to 100 MMcf
Benefits for N.A. LNG Exports
Using the expanded Panama Canal will be a
natural fit for the large number of proposed
GulfCoast export facilities wanting to reach
the growing Asian LNG market
Trip time cut from 64 days to 44 days,
greatly improving the competitive position
of LNG exports by reducing transportation
cost
Panama Canal Expansion and North American Exports of LNG
Source: Enbridge, April 2014
Source: Enbridge, April 2014
Shale Development: The Evolving Transportation Impacts
35. 35
U.S. energy officials considering easing federal
laws that prohibit exports of most crude
Rising production of light oil / condensate that is not well-
matched to current U.S. refinery capacity
U.S. currently classifies condensate produced at well crude oil
and there is a possibility it be reclassified as condensate which
would allow for exports
Implications if export ban is lifted
Condensate would most likely be exported toAsia as a
petrochemical feedstock
Brent (international crude benchmark) and LLS prices would
most likely converge as they are both light crude prices on
water
“Landlocked” crude prices (ieWTI and Bakken) would most
likely rise higher closer to international prices
Export of Canadian crude via the U.S. would be simpler without
the complication of keeping U.S. diluent separate from
Canadian crude
Build out of new pipelines and terminals to export the crude
Likely a decrease in U.S. refined products export volumes and
worse economics for U.S. refineries
Possibility of Lifting Crude Oil Export Ban
Source: RBN Energy, May 2014
Shale Development: The Evolving Transportation Impacts
36. Logistics Engineering SupplyChain
This presentation is available at:
www.plgconsulting.com/categories/presentations
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ThankYou !
For follow up questions and information,
please contact:
Graham Brisben, CEO
+1 (708) 386-0700 / gbrisben@plgconsulting.com