This document provides an overview of PLG Consulting, a logistics and supply chain consulting firm, and discusses how shale gas development is driving a manufacturing revolution in the United States. It notes that technological advances have unlocked previously inaccessible shale gas resources, lowering energy costs and providing abundant feedstocks. This low-cost shale gas and natural gas liquids are attracting manufacturing industries back to the US and driving expansion of existing chemical and industrial facilities. The document outlines impacts along the natural gas supply chain from production through processing, transportation and end use.
This document provides an overview of the North American energy revolution driven by shale oil and gas resources. It discusses the abundant recoverable unconventional energy resources including shale plays and oil sands. New technologies like hydraulic fracturing and horizontal drilling have unlocked these resources and driven down costs. This has led to a surge in production, displaced imports, and growing exports. It also discusses the infrastructure challenges of moving these new sources of supply and the impacts on downstream industries.
PLG Consulting Appalachian logistics League May 5, 2015PLG Consulting
PLG president, Taylor Robinson spoke on May 5, 2015 at the 65th annual Appalachian Logistics League meeting. Mr. Robinson presentedThe North American Energy Revolution: The Implication for Logistics. The meeting was an opportunity for members to network and discuss the ever changing industry of Supply Chain and Logistics with a primary focus on the impacts to the region.
The document summarizes the implications of the North American energy revolution for rail transportation. It discusses how new extraction technologies have led to surging domestic production of oil, gas and NGLs, displacing many imports. This has led to growth in crude-by-rail as production outpaced pipeline capacity, especially for Bakken crude moving to refineries. It forecasts crude-by-rail volumes remaining stable as pipelines are built out slowly, and prices expected to rebound after a challenging 2015 enables continued production growth and frac sand/crude-by-rail demand.
MARS Meeting Summer 2015-North American Energy Revolution-Implications for RailPLG Consulting
This presentation features an overview of the North American energy market with updates on PLG's Crude by Rail And Frac Sand Market report. PLG's expert analysis included market intelligence on the small covered hopper market and the U.S. industrial expansion from the shale gas production increase.
This document provides an overview of energy production, transportation, and consumption. It discusses topics like fracking, the Keystone XL pipeline, coal and natural gas production, and unconventional oil and gas resources. It also summarizes changes in North American energy infrastructure and flows to accommodate increasing domestic production.
This document summarizes a conference call hosted by Stifel Capital Markets on December 9, 2013. The call featured two presentations on topics related to the shale gas and oil industries in the United States: 1) The implications of shale gas for the resurgence of US manufacturing, presented by Taylor Robinson of PLG Consulting. 2) An analysis of the growth of crude oil transport by rail, or "crude by rail", presented by Graham Brisben also of PLG Consulting. The document provides background on PLG Consulting and outlines the agenda and dial-in details for the conference call.
Rail summit gb presentation vgb final 060614PLG Consulting
This document provides an overview of shale development and its impacts on transportation. It discusses the resources and technologies enabling the North American energy revolution, including shale gas and tight oil plays. It also outlines trends in shale gas and tight oil production, processing, and transportation, including the increased use of rail and pipelines. The document summarizes how shale development is reshaping North American energy trade patterns and industrial development.
This document provides an overview of the North American energy revolution driven by shale oil and gas resources. It discusses the abundant recoverable unconventional energy resources including shale plays and oil sands. New technologies like hydraulic fracturing and horizontal drilling have unlocked these resources and driven down costs. This has led to a surge in production, displaced imports, and growing exports. It also discusses the infrastructure challenges of moving these new sources of supply and the impacts on downstream industries.
PLG Consulting Appalachian logistics League May 5, 2015PLG Consulting
PLG president, Taylor Robinson spoke on May 5, 2015 at the 65th annual Appalachian Logistics League meeting. Mr. Robinson presentedThe North American Energy Revolution: The Implication for Logistics. The meeting was an opportunity for members to network and discuss the ever changing industry of Supply Chain and Logistics with a primary focus on the impacts to the region.
The document summarizes the implications of the North American energy revolution for rail transportation. It discusses how new extraction technologies have led to surging domestic production of oil, gas and NGLs, displacing many imports. This has led to growth in crude-by-rail as production outpaced pipeline capacity, especially for Bakken crude moving to refineries. It forecasts crude-by-rail volumes remaining stable as pipelines are built out slowly, and prices expected to rebound after a challenging 2015 enables continued production growth and frac sand/crude-by-rail demand.
MARS Meeting Summer 2015-North American Energy Revolution-Implications for RailPLG Consulting
This presentation features an overview of the North American energy market with updates on PLG's Crude by Rail And Frac Sand Market report. PLG's expert analysis included market intelligence on the small covered hopper market and the U.S. industrial expansion from the shale gas production increase.
This document provides an overview of energy production, transportation, and consumption. It discusses topics like fracking, the Keystone XL pipeline, coal and natural gas production, and unconventional oil and gas resources. It also summarizes changes in North American energy infrastructure and flows to accommodate increasing domestic production.
This document summarizes a conference call hosted by Stifel Capital Markets on December 9, 2013. The call featured two presentations on topics related to the shale gas and oil industries in the United States: 1) The implications of shale gas for the resurgence of US manufacturing, presented by Taylor Robinson of PLG Consulting. 2) An analysis of the growth of crude oil transport by rail, or "crude by rail", presented by Graham Brisben also of PLG Consulting. The document provides background on PLG Consulting and outlines the agenda and dial-in details for the conference call.
Rail summit gb presentation vgb final 060614PLG Consulting
This document provides an overview of shale development and its impacts on transportation. It discusses the resources and technologies enabling the North American energy revolution, including shale gas and tight oil plays. It also outlines trends in shale gas and tight oil production, processing, and transportation, including the increased use of rail and pipelines. The document summarizes how shale development is reshaping North American energy trade patterns and industrial development.
This document discusses the impact of unconventional energy resources like shale oil and gas and oil sands on rail transportation in North America. It notes that technological advances have enabled increased production from these resources, driving growth in related rail shipments of materials like frac sand and crude oil. However, pipeline capacity constraints currently necessitate significant crude by rail shipments, especially of Canadian oil. The document also examines proposed regulations on rail shipments of crude oil and their potential effects. Overall rail traffic of frac sand and crude oil has grown rapidly but further growth depends on regulatory and infrastructure developments.
This document summarizes key logistical challenges that could impact petrochemical engineering project timelines. It notes that logistics capacity constraints will increase over the next decade due to rail, trucking, and marine congestion. Both project and operational logistics require expertise to navigate these challenges. The document recommends integrating logistics experts throughout the project life cycle to provide flexibility and avoid cost overruns from unforeseen logistical issues.
PLG Consulting’s CEO, Graham Brisben presented his presentation Shale Developments: The Evolving Transportation Impacts to the Broe Group on June 23, 2014.
Plg refc presentation 2015 v gb 16 9 aspect final 030115PLG Consulting
This document provides an overview of PLG Consulting, a logistics and supply chain consulting firm, and discusses the implications of the North American energy revolution for the rail industry. PLG Consulting has over a decade of experience in logistics, engineering, and supply chain consulting for over 200 clients in bulk logistics, freight rail, energy, chemicals, and private equity. The document summarizes the growth of unconventional oil and gas extraction from US shale and Canadian oil sands due to new technologies, leading to surging domestic production and declining imports to North America. This energy boom has significant implications for growing crude by rail transportation on the continent.
Unlocking the potential of appalachian ethaneAdvisian
Appalachia has significant untapped ethane potential due to large shale gas reserves containing high ethane content. While some ethane is currently exported or transported to Gulf Coast markets, further developing the regional petrochemical industry could unlock economic benefits. An estimated $10 billion in midstream infrastructure is needed, including for gas processing, ethane fractionation, storage, and pipelines. This would enable increased ethane production to fuel 4-6 additional world-scale crackers by 2030 and create thousands of construction and plant jobs.
White Paper: Shell Petrochemical Complex (“Cracker”) Project OverviewMarcellus Drilling News
A white paper issue by the Ben Franklin Shale Gas Innovation and Commercialization Center. Provides an excellent overview of the coming ethane cracker in Beaver County, PA--with details for how and who can benefit from it.
Changes to the generation portfolio, the introduction of significant renewable resources, and the deployment of customer-side resources are fundamentally changing the way electricity is produced and delivered to customers. These changes are having a significant impact on the developments and operation of the transmission system and are occurring in an environment of decreasing demand growth which impacts utility revenues and puts pressure on rates. This presentation will examine how they will impact the amount and location of transmission needed, the rates that can be charged for it, and its relative value in a utility’s portfolio assets.
ICF Study Showing $30B Per Year Needed on New Pipeline Infrastructure in US/C...Marcellus Drilling News
A new research report titled The study is titled, "North America Midstream Infrastructure through 2035: Capitalizing on Our Energy Abundance" that shows midstream (pipeline) and related infrastructure spending in the U.S. and Canada will need to be on the order of $30 billion per year through 2035 ($641B total) in order to keep pace with the rapid development of shale energy resources. The spending and buildout of new infrastructure will result in 432,000 new jobs and approximately $885 billion in new spending throughout U.S. and Canadian economies. Truly staggering numbers.
The new report was prepared by ICF International for the INGAA Foundation (Interstate Natural Gas Association of America) and ANGA (America’s Natural Gas Alliance).
Building An Earnings Accretive Energy CompanyKW Miller
The document discusses the natural gas market and production in the United States. It notes that natural gas prices are currently below $4/mmbtu but argues they will rise significantly due to new environmental taxes on fracking, deficiencies in gas distribution infrastructure, and the unknown production decline curve for shale gas wells. It also argues that if gas-fired power plants and other gas consumers increased usage, it would strain the distribution system and diminish any claims of excess gas supply. The document advocates for investment in natural gas infrastructure and production companies.
The Keystone XL pipeline is proposed to transport crude oil from Alberta, Canada to the United States. It would extend an existing pipeline system to increase oil transport capacity. Supporters argue it will increase energy security and jobs while being safe, but opponents are concerned about its environmental impact in terms of greenhouse gas emissions. The pipeline requires presidential approval to cross the US-Canada border and is currently undergoing additional environmental review.
The 25-page executive summary for a study published in January 2014 by IHS titled "Fueling the Future with Natural Gas: Brining it Home." The new study finds that because of the ongoing rush of new natural gas supplies from shale drilling, the Henry Hub benchmark price will likely stay between $4-$5 per Mcf until 2035. It also finds homeowners will save a signifcant amount of money by heating with natural gas.
Natural gas vehicles (NGVs) are a viable alternative to gasoline and diesel vehicles. NGVs have environmental advantages as natural gas produces less greenhouse gases and other emissions than gasoline or diesel. They also have safety advantages as natural gas is lighter than air and dissipates quickly when released. There are economic advantages to NGVs as well, as natural gas prices have remained stable while gasoline and diesel prices have fluctuated significantly. With tax incentives, fleets can see a payback period of 2-4 years by switching to NGVs. CenterPoint Energy offers compressed and liquefied natural gas fueling options in Minnesota.
Wacko Report - A Bridge Too Far: How Appalachian Basin Gas Pipeline Expansion...Marcellus Drilling News
An environmentalist wacko manifesto that says we should stop all new natural gas (and other fossil fuel) pipeline development in the Northeast because it will lead to Mom Earth frying to a crisp from Global Warming. Unadulterated bull crap, the entire report.
February 2018 Corporate Presentation - World Outlook Conferencehemisphereenergy
The document provides an overview of Hemisphere Energy Corporation, an oil and gas company focused on developing assets in southeast Alberta. Key points include:
- Hemisphere has over 35,000 net acres of land in the Mannville and Pekisko formations with identified drilling locations. It is focused on expanding its waterfloods to increase oil recovery from the pools.
- Recent accomplishments include drilling wells and expanding facilities to boost production from the Atlee Buffalo pools, where waterfloods could ultimately recover 20-40% of the estimated oil originally in place.
- Hemisphere has a multi-year drilling inventory and sees potential to grow reserves and production through low-risk development and waterflooding. It
Oil & Natural Gas. The Evolving Freight Transportation ImpactsPLG Consulting
On July 30, 2013, CEO Graham Brisben presented at CIT’s Rail Resources Conference in Jackson Hole, Wyoming. Graham’s presentation, entitled “Oil & Natural Gas. The Evolving Freight Transportation Impacts,” analyzes and forecasts the dramatic impact of shale oil and gas which has upended traditional logistics and trading patterns in the energy industry, starting an industrial renaissance in the U.S.
Plg union league railway supply group luncheonPLG Consulting
PLG Consulting is a logistics, engineering, and supply chain consulting firm established in 2001. They have over 100 clients and 250 engagements. They provide strategy, optimization, infrastructure development, and other consulting services. Their main industry verticals are energy, bulk commodities, and freight rail. The document discusses the implications of the North American energy revolution on rail transportation. New extraction technologies like hydraulic fracturing have led to surging production of oil, natural gas, and natural gas liquids in the US and Canada. This has displaced some water-borne crude imports and put North America on a path to energy independence by 2020. Crude-by-rail grew significantly from 2009 to 2014 to transport this domestic production to markets, and
Petroleum refining processes transform crude oil into useful products like gasoline and diesel through distillation and other chemical processes. Refineries are large industrial complexes with many processing units arranged uniquely at each site. Crude oil is distilled into fractions like naphtha and kerosene then undergoes additional processing like catalytic reforming to produce high octane gasoline. Refineries have expanded operations since the 1940s to meet growing fuel demand and environmental regulations.
The document discusses fractional distillation, which is used to separate crude oil into its components by boiling it and collecting the fractions based on differing boiling points. Crude oil consists mainly of alkanes and is separated via fractional distillation into useful products like petrol, kerosene, diesel, and lubricating oils. Industrial cracking is then used to break larger hydrocarbon chains in less valuable fractions into shorter, more valuable chains to increase yields. Thermal cracking uses high heat and pressure, while catalytic cracking uses lower temperatures but requires a zeolite catalyst.
The document provides an overview of the history and use of fossil fuels from ancient times to the present day, when fossil fuels still make up the vast majority of energy consumption globally. It discusses key events and innovations that drove increased fossil fuel usage, particularly the rise of oil due to developments like the automobile. The roles of geoscientists and petroleum engineers in exploring for and producing oil and gas reserves are also summarized.
This document discusses the impact of unconventional energy resources like shale oil and gas and oil sands on rail transportation in North America. It notes that technological advances have enabled increased production from these resources, driving growth in related rail shipments of materials like frac sand and crude oil. However, pipeline capacity constraints currently necessitate significant crude by rail shipments, especially of Canadian oil. The document also examines proposed regulations on rail shipments of crude oil and their potential effects. Overall rail traffic of frac sand and crude oil has grown rapidly but further growth depends on regulatory and infrastructure developments.
This document summarizes key logistical challenges that could impact petrochemical engineering project timelines. It notes that logistics capacity constraints will increase over the next decade due to rail, trucking, and marine congestion. Both project and operational logistics require expertise to navigate these challenges. The document recommends integrating logistics experts throughout the project life cycle to provide flexibility and avoid cost overruns from unforeseen logistical issues.
PLG Consulting’s CEO, Graham Brisben presented his presentation Shale Developments: The Evolving Transportation Impacts to the Broe Group on June 23, 2014.
Plg refc presentation 2015 v gb 16 9 aspect final 030115PLG Consulting
This document provides an overview of PLG Consulting, a logistics and supply chain consulting firm, and discusses the implications of the North American energy revolution for the rail industry. PLG Consulting has over a decade of experience in logistics, engineering, and supply chain consulting for over 200 clients in bulk logistics, freight rail, energy, chemicals, and private equity. The document summarizes the growth of unconventional oil and gas extraction from US shale and Canadian oil sands due to new technologies, leading to surging domestic production and declining imports to North America. This energy boom has significant implications for growing crude by rail transportation on the continent.
Unlocking the potential of appalachian ethaneAdvisian
Appalachia has significant untapped ethane potential due to large shale gas reserves containing high ethane content. While some ethane is currently exported or transported to Gulf Coast markets, further developing the regional petrochemical industry could unlock economic benefits. An estimated $10 billion in midstream infrastructure is needed, including for gas processing, ethane fractionation, storage, and pipelines. This would enable increased ethane production to fuel 4-6 additional world-scale crackers by 2030 and create thousands of construction and plant jobs.
White Paper: Shell Petrochemical Complex (“Cracker”) Project OverviewMarcellus Drilling News
A white paper issue by the Ben Franklin Shale Gas Innovation and Commercialization Center. Provides an excellent overview of the coming ethane cracker in Beaver County, PA--with details for how and who can benefit from it.
Changes to the generation portfolio, the introduction of significant renewable resources, and the deployment of customer-side resources are fundamentally changing the way electricity is produced and delivered to customers. These changes are having a significant impact on the developments and operation of the transmission system and are occurring in an environment of decreasing demand growth which impacts utility revenues and puts pressure on rates. This presentation will examine how they will impact the amount and location of transmission needed, the rates that can be charged for it, and its relative value in a utility’s portfolio assets.
ICF Study Showing $30B Per Year Needed on New Pipeline Infrastructure in US/C...Marcellus Drilling News
A new research report titled The study is titled, "North America Midstream Infrastructure through 2035: Capitalizing on Our Energy Abundance" that shows midstream (pipeline) and related infrastructure spending in the U.S. and Canada will need to be on the order of $30 billion per year through 2035 ($641B total) in order to keep pace with the rapid development of shale energy resources. The spending and buildout of new infrastructure will result in 432,000 new jobs and approximately $885 billion in new spending throughout U.S. and Canadian economies. Truly staggering numbers.
The new report was prepared by ICF International for the INGAA Foundation (Interstate Natural Gas Association of America) and ANGA (America’s Natural Gas Alliance).
Building An Earnings Accretive Energy CompanyKW Miller
The document discusses the natural gas market and production in the United States. It notes that natural gas prices are currently below $4/mmbtu but argues they will rise significantly due to new environmental taxes on fracking, deficiencies in gas distribution infrastructure, and the unknown production decline curve for shale gas wells. It also argues that if gas-fired power plants and other gas consumers increased usage, it would strain the distribution system and diminish any claims of excess gas supply. The document advocates for investment in natural gas infrastructure and production companies.
The Keystone XL pipeline is proposed to transport crude oil from Alberta, Canada to the United States. It would extend an existing pipeline system to increase oil transport capacity. Supporters argue it will increase energy security and jobs while being safe, but opponents are concerned about its environmental impact in terms of greenhouse gas emissions. The pipeline requires presidential approval to cross the US-Canada border and is currently undergoing additional environmental review.
The 25-page executive summary for a study published in January 2014 by IHS titled "Fueling the Future with Natural Gas: Brining it Home." The new study finds that because of the ongoing rush of new natural gas supplies from shale drilling, the Henry Hub benchmark price will likely stay between $4-$5 per Mcf until 2035. It also finds homeowners will save a signifcant amount of money by heating with natural gas.
Natural gas vehicles (NGVs) are a viable alternative to gasoline and diesel vehicles. NGVs have environmental advantages as natural gas produces less greenhouse gases and other emissions than gasoline or diesel. They also have safety advantages as natural gas is lighter than air and dissipates quickly when released. There are economic advantages to NGVs as well, as natural gas prices have remained stable while gasoline and diesel prices have fluctuated significantly. With tax incentives, fleets can see a payback period of 2-4 years by switching to NGVs. CenterPoint Energy offers compressed and liquefied natural gas fueling options in Minnesota.
Wacko Report - A Bridge Too Far: How Appalachian Basin Gas Pipeline Expansion...Marcellus Drilling News
An environmentalist wacko manifesto that says we should stop all new natural gas (and other fossil fuel) pipeline development in the Northeast because it will lead to Mom Earth frying to a crisp from Global Warming. Unadulterated bull crap, the entire report.
February 2018 Corporate Presentation - World Outlook Conferencehemisphereenergy
The document provides an overview of Hemisphere Energy Corporation, an oil and gas company focused on developing assets in southeast Alberta. Key points include:
- Hemisphere has over 35,000 net acres of land in the Mannville and Pekisko formations with identified drilling locations. It is focused on expanding its waterfloods to increase oil recovery from the pools.
- Recent accomplishments include drilling wells and expanding facilities to boost production from the Atlee Buffalo pools, where waterfloods could ultimately recover 20-40% of the estimated oil originally in place.
- Hemisphere has a multi-year drilling inventory and sees potential to grow reserves and production through low-risk development and waterflooding. It
Oil & Natural Gas. The Evolving Freight Transportation ImpactsPLG Consulting
On July 30, 2013, CEO Graham Brisben presented at CIT’s Rail Resources Conference in Jackson Hole, Wyoming. Graham’s presentation, entitled “Oil & Natural Gas. The Evolving Freight Transportation Impacts,” analyzes and forecasts the dramatic impact of shale oil and gas which has upended traditional logistics and trading patterns in the energy industry, starting an industrial renaissance in the U.S.
Plg union league railway supply group luncheonPLG Consulting
PLG Consulting is a logistics, engineering, and supply chain consulting firm established in 2001. They have over 100 clients and 250 engagements. They provide strategy, optimization, infrastructure development, and other consulting services. Their main industry verticals are energy, bulk commodities, and freight rail. The document discusses the implications of the North American energy revolution on rail transportation. New extraction technologies like hydraulic fracturing have led to surging production of oil, natural gas, and natural gas liquids in the US and Canada. This has displaced some water-borne crude imports and put North America on a path to energy independence by 2020. Crude-by-rail grew significantly from 2009 to 2014 to transport this domestic production to markets, and
Petroleum refining processes transform crude oil into useful products like gasoline and diesel through distillation and other chemical processes. Refineries are large industrial complexes with many processing units arranged uniquely at each site. Crude oil is distilled into fractions like naphtha and kerosene then undergoes additional processing like catalytic reforming to produce high octane gasoline. Refineries have expanded operations since the 1940s to meet growing fuel demand and environmental regulations.
The document discusses fractional distillation, which is used to separate crude oil into its components by boiling it and collecting the fractions based on differing boiling points. Crude oil consists mainly of alkanes and is separated via fractional distillation into useful products like petrol, kerosene, diesel, and lubricating oils. Industrial cracking is then used to break larger hydrocarbon chains in less valuable fractions into shorter, more valuable chains to increase yields. Thermal cracking uses high heat and pressure, while catalytic cracking uses lower temperatures but requires a zeolite catalyst.
The document provides an overview of the history and use of fossil fuels from ancient times to the present day, when fossil fuels still make up the vast majority of energy consumption globally. It discusses key events and innovations that drove increased fossil fuel usage, particularly the rise of oil due to developments like the automobile. The roles of geoscientists and petroleum engineers in exploring for and producing oil and gas reserves are also summarized.
The document discusses organic chemistry concepts including homologous series, isomers, and IUPAC nomenclature rules. It defines homologous series as groups of compounds with similar properties that differ by -CH2- units and a common generic formula. Isomers are described as compounds with the same molecular formula but different arrangements of atoms. The document provides examples of applying IUPAC nomenclature rules to name organic compounds containing up to six carbons and various functional groups.
This is a survey on the history of oil presented as a timeline which includes major social, business and technological events related to the development of the oil industry.
The document shows a line graph of crude oil prices per barrel from 2011, ranging from $92.66 to $116.32. It then lists factors affecting the demand and supply of crude oil. On the demand side, it notes increasing emerging market growth, correlation between rising demand and prices, and impact of economic growth. For supply, it mentions stagnant OPEC production, declining global inventories, geopolitical disruptions limiting supply, and limited remaining oil resources according to IMF forecasts.
The oil industry has a history spanning over 5,000 years. Major events include the first structured oil well being built in the Gulf of Mexico and oil crises in the 1970s causing price fluctuations. Currently, world oil consumption is around 85 million barrels per day with the top producers being Middle Eastern countries. Factors like OPEC decisions, geopolitical conflicts, and economic conditions influence global oil prices. While oil remains crucial as a non-renewable resource, peak oil production may be reached by 2030, highlighting the need for alternatives.
Crude oil is a naturally occurring fossil fuel that is refined into many consumer products. It is a black, thick liquid called "black gold" due to its economic importance as a non-renewable resource where demand exceeds supply, leading to price increases. An international organization called OPEC controls global oil prices. Rising prices negatively impact economies by increasing inflation, slowing growth, and reducing employment. Alternatives to petroleum such as natural gas, biodiesel, hybrids, and renewable energy can help address these issues.
- John D. Rockefeller founded Standard Oil in 1870 and by 1877 it controlled over 90% of the American oil refining industry. The invention of the combustion engine in 1895 drove increased oil demand and exploration.
- Major oil discoveries were made in the 1930s-40s in Saudi Arabia and Kuwait, shifting oil production away from the US. This started America's growing reliance on foreign oil. OPEC was formed in 1960 to give oil exporting countries more leverage.
- Significant events and oil price fluctuations followed, including the 1973 Arab oil embargo against the US and price spikes in the late 1970s and 2008. The BP Gulf of Mexico oil spill in 2010 was the largest and most catastrophic oil spill in history
This document provides information on the composition of crude oil. It discusses that crude oil is a mixture of hydrocarbons that is liquid underground but varies in color from yellow to black. It is composed primarily of carbon and hydrogen. The main components are paraffins, naphthenes, and aromatics. Crude oil also contains smaller amounts of other elements and compounds like sulfur. The document also describes different methods of classifying crude oils based on their chemical composition and geological parameters.
The document provides an overview of crude oil and its effects on the global and Indian economies. It discusses the history of crude oil production, key events like the 1973 and 1979 oil shocks that increased oil prices, and their economic impacts. It also summarizes India's oil reserves, production, refineries, consumption, and efforts to promote alternatives like ethanol blending to reduce reliance on imports.
Crude oil is a naturally occurring hydrocarbon found in rock formations underground. It is a dark, sticky liquid composed mainly of carbon and hydrogen. Crude oil is the world's most actively traded commodity and is refined into fuels like gasoline and diesel. The first commercial oil wells were drilled in the 1850s in Romania and India, and global crude oil consumption has exceeded 875 billion barrels to date. Crude oil futures are traded on exchanges like NYMEX and MCX, with key factors influencing prices including supply, demand, geopolitics, and weather conditions.
Fractional distillation is a method to separate mixtures with different boiling points. It has been used since ancient times by Greek alchemists and in China during the Han dynasty. The process works by heating a mixture so it forms vapors, which rise up a fractional distillation column and condense based on their boiling points. Common uses are separating crude oil into hydrocarbon products like gasoline and separating chemicals in a lab. Current research is improving efficiency and applications in areas like oil refining.
Oil and gas engineering involves the production of hydrocarbons from subsurface reservoirs. There are four main types: offshore, subsea, petroleum, and earth science engineering. The life cycle of an oil field consists of five stages: exploration, appraisal, development, production, and abandonment. Oil refineries process crude oil through various units to produce useful products like gasoline and diesel.
PLG Headlines General Session at NAFTANEXT Conference
PLG Consulting’s CEO, Graham Brisben, and President, Taylor Robinson, delivered the General Session presentation entitled New Energy: The Game-Changer in North America on Thursday, April 24 at the 2014 NAFTANEXT Conference.
Held in Chicago, IL, NAFTANEXT is a tri-national summit focused on the future of North American supply chains. The agenda of this annual event touches on environmental, energy, safety, and profitability issues in the freight industry.
Robinson presents shale gas implactions for US manufacturing renaissancePLG Consulting
PLG President Taylor Robinson presents "Shale Gas Implications For US Manufacturing Renaissance" at Reinvesting in American Manufacturing conference in Houston, TX.
Goldman sachs industrial conference nov 12, 2014 t robinsonPLG Consulting
Taylor Robinson of PLG Consulting gave a presentation on how shale gas will drive a US manufacturing revolution. The presentation discussed:
1) How technological advances like fracking and horizontal drilling have unlocked vast shale gas resources in North America, leading to an energy revolution with lower domestic energy costs.
2) How the abundance of shale gas and natural gas liquids (NGLs) like ethane provide a competitive advantage for US chemical and manufacturing industries that use gas and NGLs as feedstocks or fuel.
3) That the US now has a substantial material cost advantage compared to other regions due to low gas prices, which could enable traditional manufacturing to return to North America as material costs typically represent 60-70% of
PLG Provides Industry Update to Stifel Nicolaus InvestorsPLG Consulting
On May 24, 2013, PLG CEO Graham Brisben and President Taylor Robinson presented to industry investors and analysts via teleconference sponsored by Stifel Nicolaus Capital Markets. Graham’s presentation was entitled “Crude by Rail Update.” Taylor’s presentation was entitled “Shale Gas – Driver of Reshoring.” The presentations addressed the current crude-by-rail market in the US, as well as industry trends leading to a renewed reshoring focus for US manufacturers.
The Energy Opportunity in Oil & Natural Gas: Crude Oil is Only the BeginningPLG Consulting
On June 3, 2013, Gordon Heisler, Senior Consultant at PLG Consulting presented at the American Railway Development Association’s 107th Annual Meeting in San Francisco, CA. Gordon’s presentation, entitled “The Energy Opportunity in Oil & Natural Gas. Crude Oil is Only the Beginning,” analyzes and forecasts the dramatic impact of shale oil and gas which has upended traditional logistics and trading patterns in the energy industry, starting an industrial renaissance in the US.
PLG Rail Equipment Finance Presentation March 2014PLG Consulting
This document provides an overview of shale development impacts on transportation and logistics. It discusses how shale development has increased demand for rail transportation of materials like frac sand, crude oil, and feedstocks. It also notes that while shale-related rail traffic has grown, it remains relatively small compared to existing coal volumes. The document summarizes trends in various shale-related commodities and outlines questions around the future of industries like frac sand and crude by rail.
Global Gas Shales And Unconventional Gas Unlocking Your Potentialsmithtj38
This document discusses unconventional natural gas and its potential based on quotes from various news sources. It summarizes comments from President Obama about the potential for shale gas production to increase US energy security and reduce greenhouse gas emissions. The rest of the document provides an agenda for introducing GTI, an overview of the organization, details on global shale gas resources, and how abundant natural gas could enable energy independence, reduce climate change risks, and provide economic benefits through jobs and tax revenue. It invites attendees to consider what opportunities unconventional gas may provide for their own countries.
The document discusses the growing global demand for natural gas and the emergence of the international liquefied natural gas (LNG) market. Key points:
1) Natural gas consumption in the US and worldwide is projected to increase significantly by 2025 due to its role in power generation, manufacturing, and transportation. However, domestic production may not keep up with rising demand.
2) One way to help meet rising demand is to increase imports of LNG, which allows natural gas from remote locations to be transported globally by converting it to liquid form.
3) The international LNG market first emerged in the 1960s and is now a major way that countries trade natural gas between regions. Japan is currently the largest
The document discusses trends in the US natural gas market, including:
- US natural gas demand is increasingly served by domestic shale gas production rather than imports.
- Natural gas use for electricity generation is expected to increase due to low prices and coal plant retirements.
- Exports of liquefied natural gas and pipeline exports are expected to grow as US production increases and prices remain low relative to global markets, making the US a net exporter of natural gas.
The document discusses key trends in the US natural gas market, including:
1) US natural gas demand is increasingly served by domestic shale gas production rather than imports as shale gas production has increased dramatically in recent years.
2) Natural gas use for electricity generation is expected to increase due to low prices and environmental regulations retiring coal plants.
3) Low natural gas prices are also expected to drive demand growth in industrial sectors and potentially exports as liquefied natural gas.
“US Shale Gas Industry Analysis” Report Highlight:
US Shale Gas Industry Overview
Shale Gas Exploration, Technical and Technology Aspects
US Shale Gas Reserve Analysis: Technical & Recoverable Reserves
Investments in Shale Gas Exploration & Production
US Shale Gas Sector Dynamics
Shale Boom to Drive LNG Export Projects
“US Shale Gas Industry Analysis” Report Highlight:
* US Shale Gas Industry Overview
* Shale Gas Exploration, Technical and Technology Aspects
* US Shale Gas Reserve Analysis: Technical & Recoverable Reserves
* Investments in Shale Gas Exploration & Production
* US Shale Gas Sector Dynamics
* Shale Boom to Drive LNG Export Projects
“US Shale Gas Industry Analysis” Report Highlight:
US Shale Gas Industry Overview
Shale Gas Exploration, Technical and Technology Aspects
US Shale Gas Reserve Analysis: Technical & Recoverable Reserves
Investments in Shale Gas Exploration & Production
US Shale Gas Sector Dynamics
Shale Boom to Drive LNG Export Projects
An annual report issued by the Federal Energy Regulatory Commission on the state of energy markets in the U.S. In this year's report, FERC says most places across the country have seen a bump up in pipelines over the past 10 years, relieving constrained natural gas transportation. Except for the Marcellus/Utica region. In the northeast, FERC expects the situation of oversupply and not enough pipelines to get resolved in 2019.
PLG MARS Presentation Energy Logistics 070913PLG Consulting
This document discusses the impacts of increased shale oil and gas development on freight transportation and logistics. Key points include:
1) Advances in hydraulic fracturing and horizontal drilling have driven large increases in U.S. oil and natural gas production from shale plays. This has disrupted traditional supply chains and driven growth in related industries like petrochemicals and steel manufacturing.
2) Shale development requires large volumes of frac sand, water, and other inputs to be transported to well sites by rail and truck. It also produces oil, natural gas, and natural gas liquids that must be moved out of plays through pipelines, rail, and trucks.
3) Abundant natural gas supplies are displacing coal
PLG Presents to Midwest Association of Rail ShippersPLG Consulting
On July 9, 2013, CEO Graham Brisben presented PLG’s perspective of the shifting economy by examining the impact of crude by rail in today’s marketplace. More specifically, Graham discussed the impact of shale oil and gas which is upending traditional logistics and trading patterns in the energy industry which has started an industrial renaissance in the U.S.
Professor Mike Bradshaw gave a presentation on the global natural gas market titled "A Story in Four Acts". The presentation discussed: Act 1) the US shale gas revolution which increased US gas production significantly; Act 2) the loss of the US LNG import market as US domestic production rose; Act 3) the impact of the Fukushima disaster on energy policy; and Act 4) the return of coal to Europe. Charts and figures were presented on US gas production trends and the factors enabling the shale gas boom. The presentation analyzed how the US shale gas revolution disrupted global gas flows and created an LNG supply glut.
A white paper from America's Natural Gas Alliance (ANGA) encouraging the Obama Dept. of Energy to get off its collective rear-end and approve a host of proposed LNG export terminals that it has delayed approving. ANGA says this is an opportunity that if lost, we won't see again.
PLG president, Taylor Robinson, spoke at the 96th Annual Meeting of the Transportation Research Board in Washington D.C. on January 8th, 2017. Mr. Robinson’s presentation featured an overview of the North American energy market including analysis of the impact of shale NGLs on the downstream, and the outlook for U.S. energy/petchem surface transportation over the next five years.
The document discusses how plummeting natural gas prices in the United States are impacting the chemical industry. Shale gas production has led to a 40% drop in natural gas prices, making light hydrocarbon feeds more economical for steam cracking than naphtha. This is resulting in an oversupply of ethylene and undersupply of butadiene and other C4/C5 chemicals. Several companies are investing in new ethylene plants along the Gulf Coast to take advantage of low feedstock costs. Biochemical companies are exploring using natural gas rather than biomass as a feedstock. Tire companies are also developing bio-based alternatives to petroleum-derived isoprene and butadiene.
From Upstream to Downstream: Opportunities and Challenges for RailPLG Consulting
With unprecedented highs in crude, NGL, and natural gas production, the US is leveraging abundant and low-cost hydrocarbons to become one of the largest energy and chemicals suppliers to the world. PLG Consulting’s CEO Graham Brisben details why this is happening and what it means for rail shipments and car demand in sand, refined products, chemicals, and other commodities. Download this free presentation given at the Rail Equipment Finance Conference 2019. In it, you’ll discover:
- What’s expected for frac sand rail shipments in 2019
- How small cube hoppers are affecting cars in storage
- The biggest stories that represent potential new rail volumes/tank car demand
- The forecast for shale-driven industrial investment
Frac Sand Market and Logistics, Plus Special Report on Permian Takeaway Logis...PLG Consulting
Frac sand supply was barely keeping up with growing demand in the 2nd quarter 2018. What changed in Q3? Was the number of Permian mines expanding or shrinking? What was happening to sand prices? Get these answers and more in this free presentation.
North American Oil & Gas and Petrochemical Supply Chain: Latest Impact to RailPLG Consulting
With the current news cycle, keeping well-informed about the petrochemical, oil and gas industries can be a full-time job. Executives looking to improve their operations and understand market dynamics should check out this presentation given by PLG Consulting at the Midwest Association of Rail Shippers (MARS) 2018 Summer Meeting, where we covered:
- How oil prices will affect hydrocarbon production
- Key frac sand and logistics trends
- Opportunities for chemical, plastics and crude by rail
- Petrochemical investment forecasts
How Northeast Petrochemical Logistics Will Change The Industry LandscapePLG Consulting
In this presentation, originally given at the Northeast U.S. Petrochemical Conference in the summer of 2018, PLG Consulting covered:
- Development factors and challenges in NE petrochemical production over the next decade and what it means for rail shipments and car demand in sand, refined products, chemicals, and other commodities
- Best practices in petrochemical industry logistics
- Developing logistics and supply chain strategies that lead to a competitive advantage
Supply is barely keeping up with growing demand in Q2, see when new supply will overtake demand, frac sand growth drivers, frac sand mega trends, and much more.
Pipeline capacity in the Permian Basin is approaching maximum capacity, leaving up to 740,000 barrels per day of crude stranded by September 2019 according to PLG Consulting. Alternatives like rail and trucking cannot make up the capacity shortfall. This will result in an estimated $40 million per day or 200 million barrels of unrealized revenue for Permian producers over the next 16 months until new pipeline projects are completed. To mitigate the capacity constraints, producers may be forced to shift rigs and completions to other shale plays in order to maintain production growth goals.
The U.S. Truck Market In Crisis - PLG Consulting PLG Consulting
After an extended period of ample truckload capacity and weak carrier pricing power, U.S. shippers are now finding themselves in a tight market with rapidly rising rates. Major truck shippers are having trouble covering loads, paying higher spot rates and are facing increasing intermodal costs. View this presentation to learn why and what you can do about it or visit our website for the full webinar recording.
The Future Has Arrived: Petrochemicals And Energy By Rail | Southwest Rail Sh...PLG Consulting
The document summarizes a presentation given by Graham Brisben, CEO of PLG Consulting, at an annual meeting on February 21, 2018 in San Antonio, TX. The presentation covers topics including the energy and chemicals supply chain, recent developments in energy production and energy-by-rail transportation, and the ongoing US chemical industry build-out driven by shale gas resources. Charts and figures are included to illustrate trends in areas such as crude oil production, frac sand consumption, regional sand mine development, and projected industrial investment and rail impacts through 2025 resulting from shale gas-related expansion.
From Drilling to Downstream: Opportunities And Challenges For Rail Carriers |...PLG Consulting
With new highs in crude, NGL, and natural gas production, the US is leveraging abundant and low-cost hydrocarbons to become one of the largest suppliers of energy and chemicals to the world. PLG Consulting’s CEO Graham Brisben explains why this is happening and what it means for rail shipments and car demand in sand, refined products, chemicals, and other commodities.
Petrochemical Supply Chain and Logistics 2017PLG Consulting
This document summarizes the presentation by Taylor Robinson of PLG Consulting on shale gas, industrial expansion, and polyethylene. The presentation covers:
1) An overview of the US shale gas revolution and its impact on markets and logistics.
2) The impact of industrial build-out driven by shale gas, including $145B in investments through 2025 focused on petrochemicals and plastics in Texas and Louisiana.
3) Updates on North American polyethylene expansion, including capacity growth of 31% by 2020 that will require exports to grow from 2.5MM tons currently to over 6MM tons.
Permian basin frac design & New completions technologies 2017PLG Consulting
This document discusses trends in the frac sand market and Permian basin frac sand trends. Some key points:
- Regional frac sand is growing its market share as it provides lower total delivered costs compared to northern white sand transported long distances. New regional sand mines are opening in Texas to supply the growing Permian basin demand.
- The Permian basin frac sand demand is growing rapidly due to increasing rig counts, lateral lengths, and sand intensity in completions. Dune sand mines are proliferating in West Texas to supply this demand but face challenges from water availability, wildlife regulations, and lack of available workforce.
- As frac sand volumes increase, the focus is shifting to "last mile" logistics of transport
North american energy & Petchem Markets Future Impact to railPLG Consulting
This document summarizes the presentation given by PLG Consulting on the future impact of North American energy and petrochemicals on rail. Key points include:
- Growing US oil and gas production, especially in the Permian basin, is supporting a return to growth for crude by rail despite declines since 2013 peaks. LPG by rail has surpassed crude in volume.
- Fracking techniques are becoming more intensive, requiring more sand and water per well, driving increased demand for proppants and frac sand transported by rail. Frac sand volumes have recovered to near peak levels.
- Western Canadian crude production growth over the next two years will outpace new pipeline capacity, increasing crude by rail volumes from the current 125
JP Morgan Transportation and Logistics - Frac Sand UpdatePLG Consulting
This document provides an overview and analysis of the frac sand supply chain and market. It discusses trends driving increased use of regional frac sand sources, such as higher intensity drilling increasing sand volumes used per well. The emergence of sand mines in the Permian Basin is a major development that could significantly reduce logistics costs. However, challenges for Permian sand include developing adequate infrastructure and workforce to support major volumes. The document also covers the impacts of new regulations on trucking and silica dust exposure.
This document discusses PLG Consulting's expertise in bulk commodity logistics, energy and chemical markets, and logistics infrastructure design. It provides an overview of PLG's team experience, core expertise, and services. It also includes presentations on trends in US shale energy supply chains including production and transportation of crude oil, natural gas, natural gas liquids, and frac sand.
-Sandonomics ’17 - Regionalized Value, Distance Matters to the DJ and Bakken was presented on September 13, 2017 at the 5th Frac Sand Conference hosted by Industrial Minerals Events in Denver, Colorado. Taylor Robinson, President of PLG Consulting, and Joel Schneyer, Managing Director at Headwaters MB, provided the latest analysis of the fluctuating frac sand market. The presentation included a look at proppant consumption and grade preferences by basin, insights into the logistical challenges and requirements, and the latest information for frac suppliers to manage costs from the mine to the well head.
schneyer robinson
.5th frac sand_conf_
Expert Perspective on the Frac Sand Market and Supply Chain - schneyer robinson PLG Consulting
Latest analysis on the frac sand market and supply chain. Expert Perspectives on the Frac Sand Market and Supply Chain.
Schneyer Robinson
06082017 final
PLG presents, "From Mine To Market: Overcoming Supply Chain Hurdles" at 3rd F...PLG Consulting
PLG president, Taylor Robinson spoke at the 3rd annual Frac Sand Conference, an Industrial Minerals Event, held in Minneapolis, Minnesota on September 1, 2015. PLG’s presentation, From Mine To Market: Overcoming Supply Chain Hurdles, featured the latest market intelligence on the effects of the global and U.S. energy markets on the frac sand market with updates on each link of the frac sand supply chain and the small covered hopper car market. Robinson also spoke about the latest fracking technology and its impacts on the short term outlook of the frac sand industry along with opportunities for long term growth. Robinson also moderated the three logistics sessions at the conference.
This document provides an overview and analysis of the implications of lower oil prices for the North American rail and rail equipment markets from PLG Consulting. It notes that while shale oil rig counts are falling quickly in response to low prices, US and Canadian crude oil production will still grow in the medium term. It forecasts that crude by rail volumes will continue to increase through 2019, with the Bakken and Western Canada being the main drivers. Pipeline buildout remains a key issue, and crude by rail provides flexibility as an option to pipelines.
This document provides an overview and analysis of the implications of lower oil prices for the North American rail and rail equipment markets from PLG Consulting. It notes that while shale oil rig counts are falling quickly in response to low prices, US and Canadian crude oil production will still grow in the medium term. It forecasts that crude by rail volumes will continue to increase through 2019, with the Bakken and Western Canada being the main drivers. Pipeline buildout remains a key issue, and crude by rail provides flexibility as an option to pipelines.
Storytelling is an incredibly valuable tool to share data and information. To get the most impact from stories there are a number of key ingredients. These are based on science and human nature. Using these elements in a story you can deliver information impactfully, ensure action and drive change.
[To download this presentation, visit:
https://www.oeconsulting.com.sg/training-presentations]
This presentation is a curated compilation of PowerPoint diagrams and templates designed to illustrate 20 different digital transformation frameworks and models. These frameworks are based on recent industry trends and best practices, ensuring that the content remains relevant and up-to-date.
Key highlights include Microsoft's Digital Transformation Framework, which focuses on driving innovation and efficiency, and McKinsey's Ten Guiding Principles, which provide strategic insights for successful digital transformation. Additionally, Forrester's framework emphasizes enhancing customer experiences and modernizing IT infrastructure, while IDC's MaturityScape helps assess and develop organizational digital maturity. MIT's framework explores cutting-edge strategies for achieving digital success.
These materials are perfect for enhancing your business or classroom presentations, offering visual aids to supplement your insights. Please note that while comprehensive, these slides are intended as supplementary resources and may not be complete for standalone instructional purposes.
Frameworks/Models included:
Microsoft’s Digital Transformation Framework
McKinsey’s Ten Guiding Principles of Digital Transformation
Forrester’s Digital Transformation Framework
IDC’s Digital Transformation MaturityScape
MIT’s Digital Transformation Framework
Gartner’s Digital Transformation Framework
Accenture’s Digital Strategy & Enterprise Frameworks
Deloitte’s Digital Industrial Transformation Framework
Capgemini’s Digital Transformation Framework
PwC’s Digital Transformation Framework
Cisco’s Digital Transformation Framework
Cognizant’s Digital Transformation Framework
DXC Technology’s Digital Transformation Framework
The BCG Strategy Palette
McKinsey’s Digital Transformation Framework
Digital Transformation Compass
Four Levels of Digital Maturity
Design Thinking Framework
Business Model Canvas
Customer Journey Map
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2. 2
Boutique consulting firm with team members
throughout North America
Established in 2001
Over 90 clients and 250 engagements
Significant shale development practice since 2010
Practice Areas
Logistics
Engineering
Supply Chain
Consulting services
Strategy & optimization
Assessments & best practice benchmarking
Logistics assets & infrastructure development
Supply Chain design & operations
Hazmat training, auditing & risk assessment
M&A/investments/private equity
Industry verticals
Energy
Bulk commodities
Manufactured goods
Financial services
About PLG Consulting
Partial Client List
Why Shale Gas will Drive a US Manufacturing Revolution
3. 3
Today’s Agenda
What is “new energy” and why is it a game changer for
the US industrial world?
Impact of shale natural gas and NGL supply streams on
US and global markets
Downstream impact of shale gas on US manufacturing
industries
Is shale gas a global phenomenon?
Why Shale Gas will Drive a US Manufacturing Revolution
4. 4
What is behind the North American energy revolution?
Resources
• N.A. shale plays
• Western Canadian
oil sands
Technologies examples
• Hydraulic fracturing
• Horizontal drilling
• Steam Assisted
Gravity Drainage
(SAGD)
• Evolving exploration
and production
technologies
• Tremendous
productivity gains
drives cost reductions
• Logistics infrastructure
“re-plumbing” in
progress
• Product abundance…
overabundance
• Imports displaced…
exports grow
• Recoverable resources
grow…sustainability
• Globally competitive
power and material
cost structure
• Manufacturing
industries grow/return
to North America
Recoverable
Resources &
Enabling
Technologies
Continuous
Improvement
Energy Revolution
Why Shale Gas will Drive a US Manufacturing Revolution
5. 5
Convergence of hydraulic fracturing and
horizontal drilling in past decade
Fracking first used in 1947
Revolutionary advances since 2009
Yields 3-10x the initial production rate of conventional
wells
US uniquely positioned for the techniques
Private mineral rights
Drilling intensity (wells per acre)
90% of rig fleet equipped for horizontal drilling
Location of shale plays
Rapid ROI for E&P companies
Typical well earns back capital cost in 1-2 years
Depending on play productivity, “break even” price of
~$65/bbl (WTI) for oil and $3.50/Mbtu for gas
Liquid plays providing highest returns currently and a
majority of drilling rigs are focused on liquids
Intentional dry gas drilling still flat
ShaleTechnology Introduction
GAS OIL THERMAL
Source: Baker Hughes
Why Shale Gas will Drive a US Manufacturing Revolution
6. 6
New fracking techniques include:
More well bores per well pad
Directional bores to multiple shale layers
Reduced well spacing per acreage – increases
Zipper wells – stimulating two wells in tandem
Optimal lateral lengths
Lateral lengths had tripled since the start of horizontal
drilling, but this trend is being challenged by new practices
Zone fracturing
Micro-fracture testing at multiple points vs. one average
test that enables highest extractions of each zone
Shorter, fatter fractures
Bigger holes in casing combined with additional sand and
water use
Productivity gains continue!
Time required for drilling 15,000+ ft. well cut in half in last
two years (9 days vs. 18 days)
Eagle Ford example – new well oil production per rig has
increased by 150% over past 3 years
Lowers break even costs drive profitability improvements
New FrackingTechniques Drive Increased Production At Lower Costs
Source: Marathon, February 2014
Source: EIA Drilling Productivity Report, May 2014
Why Shale Gas will Drive a US Manufacturing Revolution
7. 7
Shale Supply Chain and Downstream Impacts
Feedstock (Ethane)
Byproduct
(Condensate)
Home Heating
(Propane)
Other Fuels
Gasoline
Diesel
Gas
NGLs
Crude
Proppants
OCTG
Chemicals
Water
Cement
Generation
Process Feedstocks
All Manufacturing
Steel
Fertilizer (Ammonia)
Methanol
Chemicals
Petro-chemicals
Other Petroleum
Products
Inputs Wellhead
Direct
Output
Thermal Fuels Raw Materials
Downstream
Products
Jet Fuel
Availability of low cost hydrocarbons positively impact all the North American industrial
economy
Why Shale Gas will Drive a US Manufacturing Revolution
8. 8
Shale Gas History and Future Demand
Gas production has increased over past five years
with a significantly lower gas rig count
1,000 rigs at peak down to ~300 rigs
Drilling productivity continues to increase production per well
and lower costs
And the Liquids (Crude, NGL) wells produce dry natural gas as a
by-product
Abundant US gas recoverable reserves
Low cost reserves in accessible locations near population
Marcellus gas production is the “eighth largest country” already
US will become a net gas exporter by 2020
US gas demand will grow due to:
Coal-fired generation plant converting to gas
More industrial use – steel, fertilizer, methanol
Mexican export via pipeline and LNG export overseas
Increasing use as transportation fuel
US gas cost competitiveness is sustainable
Supply will overwhelm demand as prices approach $5
US government and capital constraints will likely limit LNG
export to protect US from world gas market price
Rig Count by Class vs. Gas Production
Source: Bentek, September 2013
Source: RBN Energy, January 2014
Why Shale Gas will Drive a US Manufacturing Revolution
9. 9
Shale Gas Is ImportantTo Competitive Power Costs
Natural gas is ~5X cheaper than oil on
a BTU-basis
Innovation will convert more transportation
fuels and other energy requirements to
natural gas
US electricity prices are the lowest in
the industrial world
US industries now have substantial power
cost advantage
Gas drives an increasing share of the US
electricity generation capacity
Will continue to displace coal due to stricter
environmental regulations on coal-fired
facilities
Natural gas is a cleaner burning fuel
compared to other hydrocarbons
WTI & Henry Hub Natural Gas Energy Equivalent Pricing
Source: EIA, February 2014
~5X
Source: International Energy Agency, October 2013 *estimate
Why Shale Gas will Drive a US Manufacturing Revolution
10. 10
Dry and Wet GasTurn Into Downstream Products
All shale plays have gas as a major
or minor portion of the product stream
Processing required at each step
Raw Natural Gas
(1500+ BTU)
Processing Plant
Consumer Quality
Dry Natural Gas
Methane
Ethane
42 – 65%
Propane
~28%
Normal Butane
~8%
Iso-Butane
~9%
Natural Gasoline
~13%
NGLs
(3 -9 gallon / MCF)
Y-Grade
Key Petrochemicals
$/MMBtu
Methane $4.53
Ethane $3.64
Propane $11.41
Iso-Butane $16.01
Normal Butane $11.43
Natural Gasoline $20.35
Source: Opis, April 2014 & CME Group, April 2014
“Dry”
“Wet”
Ethane
overabundance
causing deflated
pricing
Why Shale Gas will Drive a US Manufacturing Revolution
11. 11
Repurposing and retirement of some
existing pipelines
New natural gas production has localized the
supply of natural gas for certain areas, therefore,
decreasing the need for some existing natural gas
pipelines
Some natural gas pipelines being converted to
crude oil
New natural gas pipelines are being
built to transport natural gas out of
Marcellus
Together the proposed Atlantic Sunrise project
and SabalTrail project would connect Marcellus all
the way toCentral Florida
Many other smaller pipeline projects are occurring
to move Marcellus natural gas
Historic reversals of import/export
trade flows
Northeast US-Canadian Maritimes
New Patterns in Natural Gas Supply & Demand
Source: Enbridge, April 2014
NaturalGas Movements
Why Shale Gas will Drive a US Manufacturing Revolution
12. 12
Processing infrastructure being installed to
handle increased NGL supply
New facilities near shale plays
Domestic ethane supplies to quadruple by 2025
Exports of NGLs will continue to grow
NGLs are building blocks in chemical supply chain
US has shifted their petrochemical supply stream to >90%
ethane-based to leverage supply/cost advantage
Overabundance of NGLsWill Grow
Source: IHS Chemical, September 2013
Source: IHS Energy
Why Shale Gas will Drive a US Manufacturing Revolution
13. 13
Natural Gas Liquids (NGLs)
Pipelines from Utica/Marcellus
Mariner East to Marcus Hook, PA for export
Mariner West exports to Sarnia, ON
ATEX to Mt. Belvieu,TX
Proposed Utica Marcellus Texas Pipeline to Mt.
Belvieu,Texas (conversion of natural gas
pipeline for most of the route)
New NGL export projects
Facility expansions and new construction
projects in Ferndale, WA and Port of Longview,
WA
Further expansions proposed by Enterprise
andTarga in their Gulf Coast export facilities
Phillips 66, EnergyTransfer,
Williams/Boardwalk and Occidental have all
proposed export facilities out of the Gulf Coast
Natural Gas Liquids Pipelines and Export
Source: MarkWest, PLG analysis, March 2014
Sarnia, ON
Mt Belvieu, TX
Marcus Hook, PA
Source: RBN Energy, January 2014
Why Shale Gas will Drive a US Manufacturing Revolution
14. 14
LNG Export Opportunity
Political/policy battle between
domestic industrial users and
producers
Only FERC approved LNG export
terminal is Cheniere Energy’s Sabine
Pass LNG in Sabine, LA
Proposed US LNG ExportTerminals to
FERC (in Bcfd):
There are 12 other US potential export
terminals along with 3 Canadian
proposed sites and 10 other Canadian
potential sites
Supply Sources
Oil Prices
Destination
Markets
Capital
Data in $US/MMbtu
Source: Waterborne Energy from FERC presentation, February 2014
Location Bcfd Location Bcfd
Freeport, TX 1.8 Lavaca Bay, TX 1.38
Corpus Christi, TX 2.1 Elba Island, GA 0.35
Coos Bay, OR 0.9 Sabine Pass, LA 1.40
Lake Charles, LA 2.2 Lake Charles, LA 1.07
Hackberry, LA 1.7 Plaquemines Parish, LA 1.07
Cove Point, MD 0.82 Sabine Pass, TX 2.1
Astoria, OR 1.25
Why Shale Gas will Drive a US Manufacturing Revolution
15. 15
Panama Canal Expansion
Has been delayed and now expected at full
capacity by 2016
Current Panamax vessel size excludes all but
10% of LNG vessels from using the canal
After expansion, 80% of LNG fleet will be
able to use the canal with vessel capacities
up to 100 MMcf
Benefits for N.A. LNG Exports
Using the expanded Panama Canal will be a
natural fit for the large number of proposed
GulfCoast export facilities wanting to reach
the growing Asian LNG market
Trip time cut from 64 days to 44 days,
greatly improving the competitive position
of LNG exports by reducing transportation
cost
Panama Canal Expansion and North American Exports of LNG
Source: Enbridge, April 2014
Source: Enbridge, April 2014
Why Shale Gas will Drive a US Manufacturing Revolution
16. 16
2008 2010 2012 2014 2016 2018 2020
Source: American Chemistry Council, February 2014
>$100B of Chemical Expansion
Announced
Phase III – “Manufacturing”:
Raw material cost driven
Phase I – Industries using gas as primary
feedstock have global cost competitiveness;
new US factories being built
Phase II – Downstream products require
significant processing facilities investment and
lead time
Phase III – US material cost advantage will
enable traditional manufacturing to return to
the North America as about 65% of the cost of
manufactured product is material cost
Shale Gas Phased ImpactTo NA Industrial Renaissance
Phase II - Downstream Products:
Resins, Chemicals
Phase I - Gas & Power-intensive Industries:
Steel, Fertilizer, Methanol
Why Shale Gas will Drive a US Manufacturing Revolution
17. 17
Phase I - Steel, Methanol, & Fertilizer Manufacturing in US
Shale gas boom makes direct-reduced iron steel
economical
Gas strips oxygen from iron core to make high purity/quality
pellets – lower cost vs. scrap steel
$2B+ in new US projects announced
DRI-derived steel of higher quality than that scrap steel
U.S. methanol production – 10 projects announced
Methanol is used in numerous downstream chemical products
Captures price spread between low-cost natural gas and
methanol allowing move to higher value foreign markets
US currently represents 10% of the global market demand and
imports 89% of its supply
Natural gas is a feedstock for ammonia production
Represents ~70% of cash costs (CF Industries)
12MM mt new domestic manufacturing capacity announced
Imports will quickly be displaced
Source: IHS Energy, September 2013
Falling Gas Prices a Boon to DRI
Production
Source: GE Capital presentation, November 2013
Why Shale Gas will Drive a US Manufacturing Revolution
18. 18
Phase II - Low Cost NGLs Provides Significant Cost
Advantages for Chemicals and Resins
US has a large structural cost advantage due to gas-based
ethane for downstream products
Europe andAsia are tied to crude-based naptha as a feedstock for their
downstream processing
US production cost of ethylene is ~40% less than Europe and Asia
However, US ethylene cracker and processing capacity is
tight and ethylene prices are inflated in the short term
Ethane cracker margins have been as high as 50-60 cents/lb
Additional cracker capacity expected in 2016/2017
Margins/prices will moderate as more capacity comes online
New US resin facilities also on the drawing board
Excess resin capacity will promote globally competitive prices and large
export increases
ktons
ktons
Source: Townsend Solutions, December 2013
Source: Townsend Solutions , December 2013
30,000
40,000
50,000
2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020
North America Ethylene Expansions
Actual Capacity Additional Capacity
Source: Townsend Solutions , December 2013
Why Shale Gas will Drive a US Manufacturing Revolution
19. 19
Phase III - Material Cost Advantage Is Key Cost Driver to
Future North American Manufacturing Growth
Materials normally accounts for 60-70% of manufacturing
cost of goods sold (COGS)
Most product cost competition is won or lost here
Shale gas giving NA cost advantage for steel, plastics and chemicals
Total labor cost is ~20% of COGS for NA manufacturers
China labor cost in $ will continue to rise due to inflation and currency
appreciation
Mexico labor has increased competitiveness vs. China, will recapture
manufacturing share for medium/high labor manufacturing
Transportation & Logistics costs are in “Other” 15%
Asia/China has 5~10% cost disadvantage due to extra ~ 1 month shipping
lead time (major cash flow disadvantage)
Mexico has “near shore” advantage vs. Asia
Transportation costs continue to rise – proximity to market advantage
Energy cost is usually less than 5% for final manufacturer
However, energy costs are buried in raw material costs and transportation
and can be more substantial in energy-intensive products
US/Canada has a tremendous advantage vs. industrialized world
Mexico’s power costs will become more competitive with shale gas
Why Shale Gas will Drive a US Manufacturing Revolution
20. 20
Russia
Siberian reserves are said to be 80X of Bakken
Total, Shell, Exxon, Statoil all investing
Second place soon?
China
Reserves in remote, mountainous locations
Technology transfer challenges
Only one oil company involved – stifles innovation
Argentina
Concerns with governmental regulation, price controls
Struggling with high cost proppants
Poland
Reserves not productive so far – Exxon, Marathon gave up
Encouraging recent results?
UK
Some gas reserves
Government support, but intense environmental opposition
Is Shale Energy A North American Phenomenon?
Source: EIA, June 2013
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
Shale Oil Resources
(Billion bbls)
0
200
400
600
800
1,000
1,200
Shale Gas Resources
(Tcf)
Technically Recoverable Resources, Source: EIA, June 2013
Why Shale Gas will Drive a US Manufacturing Revolution
21. Logistics Engineering SupplyChain
This presentation is available at:
www.plgconsulting.com/categories/presentations
-
ThankYou !
For follow up questions and information,
please contact:
Taylor Robinson, President
+1 (508) 982-1319 / trobinson@plgconsulting.com