This document discusses the promotion of compressed natural gas (CNG) as a transportation fuel in Tennessee. It notes that PBG Energy is partnering with others to build public CNG fueling stations and create a network across the state. The document provides facts about natural gas, including that it is safer, cleaner and more abundant than petroleum fuels. It outlines the environmental, energy security and economic benefits of using natural gas vehicles. The document also discusses CNG station design options from large transit stations to small fleet time-fill stations and provides cost estimates. It promotes the use of CNG as a cheaper, cleaner and domestic fuel alternative that improves energy security.

1. Knoxville, Tennessee
pbgenergyinc.com

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Why We are Here
• We are promoting Natural Gas as a
transportation fuel
• We are partnering with others to build
public access CNG fueling stations
• We are creating a network of CNG fueling
stations across the state of Tennessee
• We are working with fleets to assess and
implement NGVs into their fleets

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Natural Gas Facts
• Natural gas is very safe
 Lighter than air – dissipates when released
 High ignition temperature: 1000F – 1100F
 Limited range of air/fuel combustion ratio (5-
15%)
 Colorless, odorless, non-toxic substance
 Doesn’t leak into groundwater
 Comprehensive fuel tank, vehicle and station
design/mfg codes & standards
• Natural gas is an inherently clean fuel
 Natural gas is mostly methane: one carbon atom, CH4
 Diesel – C14H30; Gasoline – C8H18; Propane – C3H8
 Less NOx, soot and greenhouse gases than petroleum fuels
 NGVs produce between 93-95% fewer overall toxics and reduces
greenhouse gas emissions by 23-29% compared with diesel- and
gasoline-fueled vehicles

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Why CNG?
• Environmental Factors
o Air quality
o Health issues
• Issues with foreign oil
o Uncertainty of oil pricing
o U.S. is 5% of world population but uses 25% of the world’s
oil
o 65+% of U.S. is imported, mostly for transportation
o Expanding Asian economies are putting upward pressure on
world energy prices, especially oil
• Tightening EPA restrictions
o Tightening restriction on HDVs creates performance loss
and increased O&O costs.
o Large percentage of population live in non-compliance areas
• Global cap and trade
o International pressure to reduce pollution

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Environmental, energy security and – now, more than ever due to
domestic natural gas abundance - economic market drivers are behind
the trend toward greater use of NGVs. While fleet fuel use has been the
primary focus, potential consumer market is now spurring additional
investment in infrastructure.
• A growing selection of light-, medium- and heavy-duty NGVs are
available from OEMs and SVMs, delivering performance and reliability
that are on par with gasoline and diesel counterparts.
• A variety of fueling options are available – LDCs, E&Ps, leasing
companies, other customers and independent fuel retailers – both NGV-
focused and, now, more traditional fuel retailers - are engaging to develop
fueling infrastructure.
from NGVAmerica
Why CNG?

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Natural Gas Facts
• Natural gas is an abundant domestic fuel
 98+% from North America
 Well-developed distribution infrastructure
 With shale gas discoveries, our supply is estimated at
120 years!
• Growing interest in renewable bio-methane
 Landfills, sewage, animal/agri-waste
 Energy crops – R&D into cellulosic biogas
 The United States could produce the equivalent of 10
billion gallons of gasoline annually from renewable
natural gas (bio-methane)

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Bio-Methane in East Tennessee
PBG Energy, Inc. has a contract for development of a public CNG fueling
station with a utility that currently receives 200 - 400 dkt per day of bio-
methane from the local landfill.
At 300 dkt per day, this supply can displace 2400 gallons of foreign fuel per
day with a domestic renewable energy.
Bio-methane is a resource available, today. We can use our current natural
gas production and infrastructure as we increase our bio-methane
production.

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Vehicle Considerations

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Target NGV Applications
• Municipal Vehicles
• School Buses
• Refuse Trucks
• Transit Vehicles
• Delivery Fleets
• Service Fleets
• Utilities other than Gas
• Any Return Trip Vehicle

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16. Understanding the
Options• CNG Fueling Station
Design
• CNG Fueling Station
Sizing
• CNG Fueling Station Cost

17. Types of Stations
• Time fill - Fleet and other vehicles
returning to a location

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Lower Cost than Fast Fill
Sized to fuel vehicles while
idle at location
Economical alternatives from
large to small
Time Fill Station

19. Types of Stations
• Cascaded Fast Fill - Typical public
station or fleet situation needing faster
fill times utilizing storage as well as
compression

20. Understanding the Cost

21. Transit Station Design
• Three 1600 scfm
compressors
• Twin tower gas dryer
• Approximately 2,400
gge’s per hour
capacity
• 36,000 cf of storage
for buffer
• Scada master
control
• Transit dispenser
Estimated Cost
$4,000,000

22. Large Station Design
• Three 500 scfm
compressors
• Approximately 750
gge’s per hour
capacity
• 36,000 cf of storage
or about 100 gallons
usable
• Weights and
Measures certified
high flow dispenser

23. Estimated Large Station Cost
Source: Atlanta Gas Light

24. Medium Station
Design• Two 400 scfm
compressors
• Approximately 400
gge’s per hour
capacity
• 36,000 cf of storage
or about 100 gallons
usable
• Weights and
Measures certified
dispenser

25. Estimated Medium Station Cost
Source: Atlanta Gas Light

26. Small Station Design
• Two 75 scfm
compressors
• Approximately 75
gge’s per hour
capacity
• 36,000 cf of storage
or about 100 gallons
usable
• Weights and
Measures certified
dispenser

27. Source: Atlanta Gas Light
Estimated Small Station Cost
Text

28. Not Small Enough
Yet?

29. Fleet Time Fill Station

30. Fleet Time Fill

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CNG
Cheaper
Cleaner
Domestic

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Make the Change

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PBG Energy Solutions
•Public-Private partnership with
utility provides off-site public
fueling available to fleets.
•Provides a fast fill option to back
up a lower cost time fill fleet
operation.
•Provides reliability by insuring
natural gas availability.
•Provides experienced operation
and management of facility.
Fleet NGV Development

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•Natural Gas is a Clean, Domestic, and Economical
transportation fuel
•Sending more than a billion dollars a day overseas for
oil hurts our economy
•Natural gas is plentiful and is easily utilized to displace
foreign oil
•The economics of CNG are very favorable to forge
alliances between fleets and end users, and natural gas
distribution companies (gas utilities)
Conclusions

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•Jobs
•Cleaner Environment
•Energy Security
•Economic Engine
It’s about:
Doing something positive
Changing the World

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Special thanks to:
TREEDC, Atlanta Gas Light, Tennessee Gas Association,
East Tennessee Clean Fuels Coalition
NGV America and Clean Vehicle Education Foundation
CNGnow.com, AGA.org, and DOE.gov
for their help and information provided for this presentation.
Thanks For Your Time and Interest
Contact: Robert Patterson
865-256-2612
rpatterson@pbgenergyinc.com