This document discusses 10 different motivation theories:
1. Maslow's hierarchy of needs theory states that lower level needs must be satisfied before higher needs.
2. McGregor's X and Y theory describes two views of employee motivation - Theory X assumes employees are unmotivated while Theory Y assumes they are motivated.
3. Herzberg's hygiene theory argues there are motivators and hygiene factors that influence employee satisfaction.
4. ERG theory groups Maslow's needs into existence, relatedness, and growth.
5. McClelland's three needs theory says people are motivated by achievement, affiliation, or power.
6. Goal setting theory says specific, challenging goals improve performance.
Motivation theories, there are two types of motivation theories. It starts with brief description on motivation and followed by various theories such as Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs Theory
Alderfer's ERG Theory
Herzberg's Two-Factor Theory
Equity Theory
Expectancy Theory
Goal-Setting Theory
Reinforcement Theory
Social Learning Theory
And how HR is affected by these theories
Motivation theories, there are two types of motivation theories. It starts with brief description on motivation and followed by various theories such as Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs Theory
Alderfer's ERG Theory
Herzberg's Two-Factor Theory
Equity Theory
Expectancy Theory
Goal-Setting Theory
Reinforcement Theory
Social Learning Theory
And how HR is affected by these theories
Topic: Theories of Motivation
Student Name: Nadia
Class: M.Ed
Project Name: “Young Teachers' Professional Development (TPD)"
"Project Founder: Prof. Dr. Amjad Ali Arain
Faculty of Education, University of Sindh, Pakistan
Motivation is the process that account for an individual’s intensity, direction, and persistence of effort toward attaining a goal.
"Motivation is everything… you have to inspire the next guy down the line and get him to inspire his people." – Lee Iacocca
A short notes on these
1.Maslow’s Hierarchy Needs Model
2. Herzberg’s Two Factor Theory Of Motivation
3. Theory X and Theory Y
4. McClelland’s Theory of Needs
5. Alderfer’s Erg Theory
6. Reinforcement Theory
111Chapter 5 Motivation in Organizations1115MOTIVATION.docxmoggdede
111
Chapter 5: Motivation in Organizations
1115
MOTIVATION AT WORK
Chapter Scan
This is the first of two chapters on motivation, behavior, and performance. This chapter addresses the early content theories of motivation that are related to the internal factors that explain behavior. Maslow's hierarchy of needs and McGregor's assumptions are discussed and compared. McClelland's need theory is presented, followed by a discussion of Herzberg's two-factor theory of hygiene factors and motivators. Process theories contained in this chapter include equity theory, social exchange theory, and expectancy theory.
LEARNING OBJECTIVES
After reading this chapter, you should be able to do the following:
1.
Define motivation.
2.
Explain how Theory X and Theory Y relate to Maslow's hierarchy of needs.
3.
Discuss the needs for achievement, power, and affiliation.
4.
Describe the two-factor theory of motivation.
5.
Describe how inequity influences individual motivation and behavior.
6.
Explain seven different strategies for resolving inequity.
7.
Describe the expectancy theory of motivation.
8.
Describe the cultural differences in motivation.
KEY TERMS
Chapter 5 introduces the following key terms:
motivation
psychoanalysis
self-interest
need hierarchy
Theory X
Theory Y
need for achievement
need for power
need for affiliation
motivation factor
hygiene factor
inequity
equity sensitive
benevolent
entitled
valence
expectancy
instrumentality
moral maturityTHE CHAPTER SUMMARIZED
I. THINKING AHEAD: Noncompliance as a Hidden Health Threat
II.
MOTIVATION AND WORK BEHAVIOR
Motivation is the process of arousing and sustaining goal-directed behavior. Motivation theories attempt to explain and predict observable behavior. Motivation theories may be classified as internal, process, or external theories. This is one of the most complex topics in organizational behavior because of the large number of variables that affect motivation.
A.
Internal Needs
Motivation research is increasingly specific, and examines smaller portions of the larger theories. Writers have looked for internal, value-oriented reasons for motivation that would relate to the meaning of work for society. The Protestant ethic was related to the concept of working hard in order to secure a place in heaven. In contrast, Freud developed psychoanalysis as a method of probing the subconscious mind to understand a person’s motives and needs.
B.
External Incentives
Early scholars assumed that self-interest and economic gain motivated people. The Hawthorne studies revealed the importance of social and interpersonal motivation. Early theories of motivation typically took one of two perspectives. The first perspective was that people acted out of self-interest for material gain. The second perspective suggested that people act in ways that satisfy their emotional needs. Adam Smith's basic assumption was that people are motivated by self-interest for economic ...
This is all about Motivation and motivation theory. if u further need any help you can contact with me on the following email address kcb.brurcse42@gmail,com .
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The Impact of Artificial Intelligence on Modern Society.pdfssuser3e63fc
Just a game Assignment 3
1. What has made Louis Vuitton's business model successful in the Japanese luxury market?
2. What are the opportunities and challenges for Louis Vuitton in Japan?
3. What are the specifics of the Japanese fashion luxury market?
4. How did Louis Vuitton enter into the Japanese market originally? What were the other entry strategies it adopted later to strengthen its presence?
5. Will Louis Vuitton have any new challenges arise due to the global financial crisis? How does it overcome the new challenges?Assignment 3
1. What has made Louis Vuitton's business model successful in the Japanese luxury market?
2. What are the opportunities and challenges for Louis Vuitton in Japan?
3. What are the specifics of the Japanese fashion luxury market?
4. How did Louis Vuitton enter into the Japanese market originally? What were the other entry strategies it adopted later to strengthen its presence?
5. Will Louis Vuitton have any new challenges arise due to the global financial crisis? How does it overcome the new challenges?Assignment 3
1. What has made Louis Vuitton's business model successful in the Japanese luxury market?
2. What are the opportunities and challenges for Louis Vuitton in Japan?
3. What are the specifics of the Japanese fashion luxury market?
4. How did Louis Vuitton enter into the Japanese market originally? What were the other entry strategies it adopted later to strengthen its presence?
5. Will Louis Vuitton have any new challenges arise due to the global financial crisis? How does it overcome the new challenges?
1. IDENTIFY AND DISCUSS VARIOUS TYPES
OF MOTIVATION THEORIES
1
Various Types of Motivation Theories
● Abraham Maslow’s Hierarchy Theory
● Douglas Mc Gergor’s X & Y Theory
● Hygiene Theory
● ERG (Existence,Recognition,Growth) Theory
● Three Needs Theory
● Goal setting Theory
● Reinforcement Theory
● Equity Theory
● Expactancy Theory
2. Abraham Maslow’s Hierarchy Theory
The basis of Maslow’s theory of motivation is that human beings are
motivated by unsatisfied needs, and that certain lower needs need to be
satisfied before higher needs can be adressed.
2
3. Douglas Mc Gergor’s X & Y Theory
3
Theory X managers tend to take a pessimistic view of their people, and assume that they
are naturally unmotivated and dislike work. As a result, they think that team members need
to be prompted, rewarded or punished constantly to make sure that they complete their
tasks.
Theory Y managers have an optimistic, positive opinion of their people, and they use a
decentralized, participative management style. This encourages a more collaborative ,
trust-based relationship between managers and their team members.
4. Hygiene Theory
Hygiene Motivation Theory model, or Two Factor Theory, argues
that there are two factors that an organization can adjust to influence
motivation in the workplace.
4
Motivators: Which can encourage employees to work harder.
Hygiene factors: These won’t encourage employees to work harder but they will
cause them to become unmotivated if they are not present.
These factors are:
5. ERG (Existance,recognition,Growth) Theory
Professor Erderfer refined maslow’s 5 needs hierarchy
theory & grouped them into 3 groups of needs.
ERG argues that people may have different groups of needs to
be satisfied simultaneously & satisfication of higher level of
needs may decrease demand for lower level needs & vice-versa.
5
6. Three Needs Theory
McClelland's Human Motivation Theory states that every person has
one of three main driving motivators: the needs for achievement,
affiliation, or power. These motivators are not inherent; we develop
them through our culture and life experiences
David McClelland found in his investigations that people are
motivated at Work place by 3 important needs.These needs are:
● Needs for achievement.
● Needs for power.
● Needs for friendship & esteem.
6
7. In 1960’s, Edwin Locke put forward the Goal-setting theory of motivation. This
theory states that goal setting is essentially linked to task performance. It
states that specific and challenging goals along with appropriate feedback
contribute to higher and better task performance.
Goal Setting Theory
In the workplace, goal setting helps keep employees motivated and focused
and helps the operation run more efficiently. It can range from professional
growth to financial gains and should provide a vision and purpose for all involved.
7
8. Reinforcement theory
Reinforcement theory of motivation was proposed by BF Skinner and his associates. It
states that individual’s behaviour is a function of its consequences.It is based on “law of
effect”, individual’s behaviour with positive consequences tends to be repeated, but
individual’s behaviour with negative consequences tends not to be repeated.
8
9. Equity Theory
Equity Theory is based on the idea that individuals are motivated by fairness. In
simple terms, equity theory states that if an individual identifies an inequity
between themselves and a peer, they will adjust the work they do to make the
situation fair in their eyes.
As an example of equity theory, if an employee learns that a peer doing exactly
the same job as them is earning more money, then they may choose to do less
work, thus creating fairness in their eyes.
9
10. Expectancy Theory
In 1964, Canadian professor of psychology Victor Vroom developed the
Expectancy Theory. In it, he studied people’s motivation and concluded it
depends on three factors: Expectancy, instrumentality and valence.
10
Motivational force = Expectancy x Instrumentality x Valence
Thank You