This document discusses how dental caries and other oral conditions appear on dental radiographs. It describes the radiographic appearance of incipient, moderate, and advanced interproximal and occlusal caries at different stages. It also discusses how periapical lesions, periodontal disease, root resorption, fractures and other conditions present on radiographs. The document is intended as a guide for interpreting dental radiographs to identify caries and other oral diseases and conditions.
this contains the occlusal radiography methods for both maxillary and mandibular different occusal radiographic techniques, principles, classification, indications
self correcting anomalies in the development of occlusion. this ppt includes the anomalies of a child's developing occlusion which get corrected by itself in some time as the development continues. This includes Retrognathic mandible,infantile swallow,anterior open and deep bite,etc. these topics are important in BDS final examination
In this lecture I explain in step-by-step fashion the basics of Laws and Tips for Locating Canal Orifices. a photo guide is attached to the guide to aid in better understanding of the topic
This report, prepared by the student at the College of Dentistry, Hassan Atheed , in the third phase discusses scientific topics, but it maybe did not be 100% complete.
A radiograph is only one part of the diagnostic process. Usually one does NOT make a diagnosis solely from a radiograph. A diagnosis is made by the clinician once all the diagnostic information has been collected and analyzed collectively. An interpretation or a differential diagnosis is made from the radiograph.
One examines a radiograph and NOT an X-ray. Bear in mind that an X-ray cannot be seen. X-ray is a photon / beam of energy.
حسن عضيد
this contains the occlusal radiography methods for both maxillary and mandibular different occusal radiographic techniques, principles, classification, indications
self correcting anomalies in the development of occlusion. this ppt includes the anomalies of a child's developing occlusion which get corrected by itself in some time as the development continues. This includes Retrognathic mandible,infantile swallow,anterior open and deep bite,etc. these topics are important in BDS final examination
In this lecture I explain in step-by-step fashion the basics of Laws and Tips for Locating Canal Orifices. a photo guide is attached to the guide to aid in better understanding of the topic
This report, prepared by the student at the College of Dentistry, Hassan Atheed , in the third phase discusses scientific topics, but it maybe did not be 100% complete.
A radiograph is only one part of the diagnostic process. Usually one does NOT make a diagnosis solely from a radiograph. A diagnosis is made by the clinician once all the diagnostic information has been collected and analyzed collectively. An interpretation or a differential diagnosis is made from the radiograph.
One examines a radiograph and NOT an X-ray. Bear in mind that an X-ray cannot be seen. X-ray is a photon / beam of energy.
حسن عضيد
Fenestration
Dehiscence: lack of cortical bone at the level of dental root, at least 4mm apical to the margin of interproximal bone, the measurement was per found by graduated probe.
Or: lowering the crestal bone margin to expose root surface.
Fenestration: localized defect in the alveolar bone that exposed the root surface usually the apical or the medium third but did not involve the alveolar margin.
Or: is isolated areas in which the root is denuded of bone and the root surface is covered only by periosteum and overlying gingiva.
Fenestration is a term derived from Latin ward fenestra, meaning window, describe area of alveolar process devoid of bone, creating a window exposing the root surface.
Gingival recession: is the apical movement of the marginal soft tissue surrounding the tooth exposing root surface.
According to some studies that irreversible recession can be caused by fixed appliances for 1.3% to 10.0% of treated cases.
We can use CBCT to measure the labial and lingual thickness of the bone related to roots.
ABT: apical buccal thickness. MBT: middle buccal thickness. CBT: cervical buccal thickness.
ALT: apical lingual thickness. MLT; middle lingual thickness. CLT: cervical lingual thickness.
== naturally occurring alveolar bone dehiscence and fenestration are common finding in different type of malocclusion especially in anterior region of class III.
== fenestration and dehiscence may lead to gingival recession and additional bone loss during orthodontic treatment in addition to large amount of labial inclination such as decompensation in class III malocclusion may pose a greater risk of periodontal complication such as:
Alveolar dehiscence, fenestration, gingival recession.
Clinically gingival recession, is always accompanied by alveolar bone dehiscence whether underlying bone dehiscence is developed before or parallel to gingival recession.
N:B- gingival recession; is described as exposure of root surface by an apical shift in the position of gingiva.
Factors affect recession increase:
1- Difficulty of plaque control due to fixed appliances
2- Proclination of teeth.
3- Coronally attached Frenum.
4- Muscle attachment.
5- Abnormal tooth position.
6- Overhanging restoration or crowns.
7- Fenestration and dehiscence.
** Classification of fenestration according to their apicocoronal location in relation to root length to:
1- At the level of the apical third of the dental root 48% all in maxilla.
2- At the level of the middle third of dental root 28% in maxilla and mandible.
3- At the level of the coronal third of the dental root 19% all in mandible.
4- Extending from the apical to the middle third of the dental root 4.3% of them located in maxilla.
** Etiology of dehiscence:
1- Ectopically positioned teeth which are outside of the bony limits of the alveolus are often lacking the normal amount of bone on the overlying facial surface.
2- Roots of the toot
Radiopacities not necessarily contacting teeth/ dental implant coursesIndian dental academy
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.
كتاب ادوية طب الاسنان اعداد د. عبد الله نصرDenTeach
كتاب ملخص لأهم الادوية المستخدمة في طب الاسنان حسب نوع الدواء (مضادات حيوية - مسكنات - مضمضة - مضادات فطور - ...الخ) مع ذكر اسم الدواء - وظيفته - ومعيار الاستخدام.
Stem cells in Dentistry | by Dr Alaa Al-saidiDenTeach
Stem cells in Dentistry - learn about stem cells this ppt includes (dental pulp stem cells - source of dpsc - methods for isolation stem cells from teeth - and more ..)
الخلايا الجذعية في طب الاسنان - باوربوينت يتكلم عن اماكن الخلايا الجذعية في الجسم وكيفية استخراجها من الاسنان.
Prepared by: Dr Alaa Al-saidi
Tooth hypersensitivity | by: Dr Muneera GhaithanDenTeach
Tooth hypersensitivity - learn about why teeth are sensitive to cold and other stimulus including (sensitivity theories - causes and factors causing the teeth to be sensitive)
حساسية الاسنان - تعرف لماذا الاسنان حساسة للبرودة وللمؤثرات الاخرى هذا الموضوع يتضمن (نظريات حساسية الاسنان - الاسباب التي تجعل الاسنان اكثر حساسية)
Prepared by: Dr Muneera Ghaithan
Impacted teeth - learn everything about it (classification - complications - indications of removal - contraindications for removal - operative and post operative complications - and more about it)
موضوع باوربوينت عن الاسنان المنحصرة : تتعلم فيها كل ما يتعلق عنها:
(الاعراض والاختلاطات - دواعي الازالة - موانع الازالة - اختلاطات المعالجة واختلاطات بعد المعالجة - والمزيد..)
Prepared by:
Dr.Basma Elbeshlawy
Extraction instruments | Dental surgery | by Dr.mohammad nameerDenTeach
Learn about Extraction instruments - including forceps and elevators types used in general dentistry in any dental clinic.
Powerpoint shared by: Dr.mohammad nameer
You can watch dental videos and read in dentistry on:
www.denteach.com
Classification of impression materials انواع مواد الطبعDenTeach
خاص بمادة Dental material
تقسيمة مختصرة ملمة بأنواع المواد المستخدمة في اخذ طبعة للفم والاسنان
SUBJECTIVE:- Dental Material
CHAPTER:- Impression Material
تمت مشاركته عبر: د. أحمد طه
Operation “Blue Star” is the only event in the history of Independent India where the state went into war with its own people. Even after about 40 years it is not clear if it was culmination of states anger over people of the region, a political game of power or start of dictatorial chapter in the democratic setup.
The people of Punjab felt alienated from main stream due to denial of their just demands during a long democratic struggle since independence. As it happen all over the word, it led to militant struggle with great loss of lives of military, police and civilian personnel. Killing of Indira Gandhi and massacre of innocent Sikhs in Delhi and other India cities was also associated with this movement.
How to Make a Field invisible in Odoo 17Celine George
It is possible to hide or invisible some fields in odoo. Commonly using “invisible” attribute in the field definition to invisible the fields. This slide will show how to make a field invisible in odoo 17.
2024.06.01 Introducing a competency framework for languag learning materials ...Sandy Millin
http://sandymillin.wordpress.com/iateflwebinar2024
Published classroom materials form the basis of syllabuses, drive teacher professional development, and have a potentially huge influence on learners, teachers and education systems. All teachers also create their own materials, whether a few sentences on a blackboard, a highly-structured fully-realised online course, or anything in between. Despite this, the knowledge and skills needed to create effective language learning materials are rarely part of teacher training, and are mostly learnt by trial and error.
Knowledge and skills frameworks, generally called competency frameworks, for ELT teachers, trainers and managers have existed for a few years now. However, until I created one for my MA dissertation, there wasn’t one drawing together what we need to know and do to be able to effectively produce language learning materials.
This webinar will introduce you to my framework, highlighting the key competencies I identified from my research. It will also show how anybody involved in language teaching (any language, not just English!), teacher training, managing schools or developing language learning materials can benefit from using the framework.
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Synthetic fiber production is a fascinating and complex field that blends chemistry, engineering, and environmental science. By understanding these aspects, students can gain a comprehensive view of synthetic fiber production, its impact on society and the environment, and the potential for future innovations. Synthetic fibers play a crucial role in modern society, impacting various aspects of daily life, industry, and the environment. ynthetic fibers are integral to modern life, offering a range of benefits from cost-effectiveness and versatility to innovative applications and performance characteristics. While they pose environmental challenges, ongoing research and development aim to create more sustainable and eco-friendly alternatives. Understanding the importance of synthetic fibers helps in appreciating their role in the economy, industry, and daily life, while also emphasizing the need for sustainable practices and innovation.
Embracing GenAI - A Strategic ImperativePeter Windle
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This Gasta posits a strategic approach to integrating AI into HEIs to prepare staff, students and the curriculum for an evolving world and workplace. We will highlight the advantages of working with these technologies beyond the realm of teaching, learning and assessment by considering prompt engineering skills, industry impact, curriculum changes, and the need for staff upskilling. In contrast, not engaging strategically with Generative AI poses risks, including falling behind peers, missed opportunities and failing to ensure our graduates remain employable. The rapid evolution of AI technologies necessitates a proactive and strategic approach if we are to remain relevant.
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Dive into the world of AI! Experts Jon Hill and Tareq Monaur will guide you through AI's role in enhancing nonprofit websites and basic marketing strategies, making it easy to understand and apply.
7. 6. Cervical burnout: Radiolucent band around the
neck of the teeth. It can be reduced by reducing kvp
8. Interproximal caries:-
The intra oral radiographic film, notably the bitewing
film or the radiogram made with the paralleling
technique is extremely useful in detecting
interproximal carious lesions.
.
9. The first evidence of the interproxinal carious lesion
consists of an extremely small notching in the enaml
surface below the interproximal contact point
10. As the carious lesion in the enamel increase in size, it
continues to demonstrate a more or less triangular
pattern with its base toward the outer surface of the
tooth and with somewhat flattened apex toward the
dentino-enamel junction.
11. The carious lesion then tend to spread in it from this
second base the carious process proceeds toward the
pulp, roughly along the dentinal tubules, and form
another triangular radiolucency this is happen due to
paths of the dentinal tubules. When the under mind
enamel fracture the entire carious lesion appear a kind
of V shape.
13. An incipient interpraximal lesion extends less than
halfway through the thickness of enamel, The term
incipient means beginning to exist or appear. An
incipient lesion is seen in enamel only.
14. A moderate interpeoximal lesion extends greater than
halfway through the thickness of enamel, but does
not involve the DEJ. A moderate lesion is seen in
enamel only.
15. An advanced interproximal lesion extends to the DEJ
or through the DEJ An advanced and into the dentin,
but does not extend through the dentin greater than
half the distance toward the pulp. An advanced lesion
affects both enamel and dentin.
16. A severe interproximal lesion extends through enamel,
through the dentin and greater than half the distance
towards the pulp. A severe lesion involves both the
enamel and dentin and may clinically appear as
cavitation(or hole) in the tooth.
17.
18. 2. occlusal caries:-
The first radiographic sign is a dark line between
enamel and dentin occasionally occlusal caries is
confused with buccal of lingual caries and
differentiated clinically.
19. occlusal caries follows the enamel rods, as in
interproximal caries the shape of the caries in the
fissures is triangular but occlusal caries Differs from
interproximal caries enamel caries is that the base is
toward the dentinoenamel junction and the apex of
the triangle is toward the occlusal surface of the tooth.
21. Moderate occlusal caries
extends into dentin and is seen as a very thin
radiolucent line.
The radiolucency is located under the enamel of the
occlusal surface of the tooth, Little if any radiographic
change is noted in the enamel.
22. Severe occlusal caries
extends into dentin and is seen as a large radiolucency.
the radiolucency extends under the enamel of the
occlusal surface of the tooth.
Severe occlusal caries is apparent clinically and
appears as a cavitation(or hole) in a tooth.
23. Buccal and lingual caries:
It occur in the pits and
grooves in the region of
the free margin of the
gingival, the enamel
caries tends to follow the
lines of the enamel rods,
it is elliptical and / or
semi lunar, It is difficult
to differential between
buccal and lingual
caries, also it may be
confused with pulp
exposure even the lesion
may be relatively
superficial.
24. Cemental caries:-
On a dental radiograph, root
surface esries appears as a
cupped-out or crater-shaped of
varying depth radiolucency
just below the cemento-
enamel junction .
Early lesions may be difficult
to detect on dental radiograph
It doesn't occur in areas
covered by a well attached
gingival, it may be confused
with cervical burnout
25. cervical burnout:
radiolucent band running across the tooth in area not
cover by enamel or alveolar bone(neck of the tooth)
because it absorbs less x-ray than areas below and
above.
26. RAMPANT CARIES :
The term rampant means growing or spreading unchecked.
Rampant caries is advanced and severe caries which affects numerous
teeth in the dentition.
Rampant caries is typically seen in children with poor dietary habits or in
adults with a decreased salivary flow
28. Secondary or recurrent caries:
occurs adjacent to a pre-
existing restoration.
Caries occurs in this
region because of
inadequate cavity
preparation, defective
margins or incomplete
removal of caries prior
to the placement of the
restoration
High caries incidence and
poor oral hygiene also
play a part.
29. On a dental radiograph, recurrent caries appears as a
radiolucent area just beneath a restoration. Recurrent
caries is most often seen beneath the interproximal
margins of a restoration
30. pulp exposure:
Radiographic evidence
suggesting pulp exposure
should not be used as the only
definitive criterion for either
tooth removal or endodontic
therapy.
It is possible through
angulations changes to create
on appearance
radiographically that simulate
pulpal exposure.
31. Developmental pits:
Developmental pits particularly isolated hypoplastic
areas, can simulate caries radiographically. In the case
of a hypoplastic pit the simulate caries enamel surface
tends to curve inward into the defect.
32. Periapical radiolucencies
1. Common pathologic
conditions granuloma, cyst,
abscess, 1st stage of
cementoblastoma you must
remembered that anatomic
entities such as the mental and
incisive foramina may
superimposed on the tooth
apex which may simulate
apical pathology.
33. 2. Less common pathologic
conditions fibro-osseous lesions,
neoplasic changes, and various
infections.
Radiographic signs: the apical
lesion will show an interrupted
lamina dura. The periphery
blend into surrounding bone
definite demarcation may exist
between the lesion and bone or
the lesion may exhibit a distinct
bone lamina encircling the
radiolucency shape is basically
spherical with irregular or
smooth outline periphery.
38. Periodontal space thickening
1. Pathologic: as in tooth extrusion, root resorption,
resorption of lamina dura or initial symptoms of
osteomylitis or with trauma.
42. Bone changes associated with
apical alteration
1. Condensing osteitis:
bone sclerosis as a result
of stress, trauma or
infection, it
characterized by
reduction of size of
trabecular spaces.
44. Periodontal disease :
1.Incipient periodontal disease
a. Triangulation: widening of
periodontal space at the crest
of interproximal bone
b. Crestal irregularities: slightly
more opaque alveolar crest
with itched appearance
(irregular)
c. Alveolar bone changes, bone
selerosis between the lamina
dura of two adjacent teeth.
45. 2.Advanced periodontal disease:
it includes all stages that follow incipient periodontal
changes in addition to periodontal pocket exists
between soft tissue and tooth structure.
46. location of bone loss:
periodomtal bone loss may be restricted to one or a
few areas.
Generalized periodontitis: when periodontal bone loss
is evenly distributed throughout the mouth.
47. Amount of bone loss
under normal circumstances the alveolar bone level is
located 1 to 1.5mm from CEJ junction so a measurement
made from the crest of remaining bone to the CEJ minus
approximately 1mm gives an indication of bone loss.
CEJ
Crest of the remaining crest
The amount of bone loss = Y – 1 mm
Y
48. Direction of bone loss
Intercrestal bone should
be parallel with line
dawn from the CEJ of
one tooth to that of the
contacting tooth.
1. Horizontal bone loss:-
when loss occurs on a
plane that is parallel
with a line drown.
49. 2.Vertical bone loss:- when there is greater bone loss
in one tooth than on the adjacent tooth, so the bone
level is not parallel with a line joining the
cementoenamel junctions
50. Detection of local irritating factors:
These include calculus
deposits over hanging
restorations, faulty
restorative margins
and carious lesions.
Tooth resorption:
1. Physiologic root resorption: resorption of the
deeiduous teeth normally precedes their exfoliation
52. 3. Pathologic tooth resorption: -it usually caused by
pressure, infection , neoplasm or trauma
53. Pulp calcifications
It include pulp stones secondary dentin dentinal bridges
and pulpal obliteration
1. Pulp stone:- round or oval opacities within the pulp
54. 2. Secondary dentin:-
reduces the size of the
chamber. It appears to
be a normal aging
phenomenon as well as
a defense mechanism.
57. Tooth fractures:
Fracture-line and discontinuity in
the outline of the tooth are the
most usually observed signs of
fracture.
It must be remembered that the
radiogram can have an
appearance that simulates a
fracture and fractured segments
can be superimposed in a manner
that hides the fracture multiple
views of the questionable area
ordinarily resolve such
difficulties.
58. Erosion, abrasion and attrition
Loss of tooth structure can be observed radio graphically