Radiographic anatomy of femur and pelvic girdle
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This document summarizes key anatomical structures of the proximal femur and pelvic girdle. It describes the proximal femur as having a head, neck, greater trochanter, and lesser trochanter. The pelvis consists of four bones - two hip bones, one sacrum, and one coccyx. Each hip bone is composed of three parts that fuse to form the acetabulum, which joins with the femoral head. The document further details landmarks and features of the ilium, ischium, and pubis bones that make up the pelvis and boundaries of the pelvic inlet and outlet.
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Pelvic girdle:
The pelvic girdle, commonly known as the hips, is where the legs attach to the axial skeleton. It’s made up of 2 hipbones
The hip bone (or coxae) is an irregularly shaped, bilateral bone of the bony pelvis which is also known as the innominate bone, pelvic bone or coxal bone.
It consists of 3 bones: the ilium, ischium and pubis.
The ilium is the largest and most superior part of the bone, the ischium is located posteroinferiorly, and the pubis forms the anterior portion of the hip bone
Together, the ilium, pubis and ischium form a cup-shaped socket known as the acetabulum. The head of the femur articulates with the acetabulum to form the hip joint.
The Ilium:
The ilium is the widest and largest of the 3 parts of the hip bone, and is located superiorly. The body of the ilium forms the superior part of the acetabulum (acetabular roof). Immediately above the acetabulum, the ilium expands to form the wing (or ala).
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Inner surface: has a concave shape, which produces the iliac fossa
External surface (gluteal surface): has a convex shape and provides attachments to the gluteal muscles.
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The Ischium:
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Two important ligaments attach to the ischium:
Sacrospinous ligament: runs from the ischial spine to the sacrum, thus creating the greater sciatic foramen through which lower limb neurovasculature (including the sciatic nerve) transcends.
Sacro tuberous ligament: runs from the sacrum to the ischial tuberosity, forming the lesser sciatic foramen.
The Pubis: The pubis is the most anterior portion of the hip bone. It consists of a body, superior ramus and inferior ramus (ramus = branch).
Pubic body: located medially, it articulates with the opposite pubic body at the pubic symphysis. Its superior aspect is marked by a rounded thickening (the pubic crest), which extends laterally as the pubic tubercle.
Superior pubic ramus: extends laterally from the body to form part of the acetabulum.
Inferior pubic ramus: projects towards the ischium.
Together, the superior and inferior rami enclose part of the obturator foramen through which the obturator nerve, artery and vein pass through to reach the lower limb.
The hip bones
422675304-1-Female-pelvis-pppppppppppppppppppptx.nnpptx
The document provides an overview of the female pelvis. It describes the bones that make up the pelvis (innominate bones, sacrum, coccyx), pelvic ligaments and joints. It discusses the diameters and landmarks of the true pelvis, including the brim, cavity and outlet. It also outlines the functions of the pelvis and variations in pelvic shape, including gynaecoid, anthropoid, android and platypelloid types. The learning objectives are to describe the pelvic bones and joints, explain the planes and diameters of the true pelvis, and mention variations in pelvis shape.
2.1 Female pelvis.pptx
The pelvis is composed of four bones - the two innominate bones, the sacrum, and the coccyx. The innominate bones are each made up of three parts: the ilium, ischium, and pubis. The sacrum is wedge-shaped with five fused vertebrae. The coccyx consists of four fused vertebrae at the base of the sacrum. There are four pelvic joints that connect the bones: the symphysis pubis, two sacroiliac joints, and the sacrococcygeal joint. The pelvis is divided into the false pelvis and true pelvis, with the true pelvis further divided into the brim,
Hip joint
The hip joint is a ball-and-socket synovial joint located between the femur and pelvis. It allows flexion, extension, abduction, and rotation of the thigh. The joint is stabilized by strong ligaments and surrounding muscles. It receives its main blood supply from the medial and lateral circumflex femoral arteries and is innervated by nerves from the lumbar plexus.
Joints of lower limb
The hip joint is a ball-and-socket synovial joint located between the acetabulum of the pelvis and the head of the femur. It is stabilized by strong ligaments like the iliofemoral, pubofemoral, and ischiofemoral ligaments. The hip joint allows for flexion, extension, abduction, adduction, and rotation of the lower limb and is innervated by nerves from the lumbar plexus. Dislocations or fractures of the femoral neck can impair stability and mobility of the hip joint.
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Any machine capable of representing information from a computer. This includes display screens, printers, plotters, and synthesizers. Output devices are things we use to get information OUT of a computer. Any machine capable of representing information from a computer. This includes display screens, printers, plotters, and synthesizers. Output devices are things we use to get information OUT of a computer. Any machine capable of representing information from a computer. This includes display screens, printers, plotters, and synthesizers. Output devices are things we use to get information OUT of a computer. Any machine capable of representing information from a computer. This includes display screens, printers, plotters, and synthesizers. Output devices are things we use to get information OUT of a computer. Any machine capable of representing information from a computer. This includes display screens, printers, plotters, and synthesizers. Output devices are things we use to get information OUT of a computer.
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The female pelvis is made up of four main bones that form a curved canal for childbirth. It has three main divisions: the brim, cavity, and outlet. The brim is oval-shaped, while the cavity is round. The outlet has the largest anteroposterior diameter to allow baby to pass. Key measurements like the true conjugate must be adequate for labor. The sacrum, coccyx, and two innominate bones articulate to provide structure and protection for pelvic organs.
Thoracic cage
The document summarizes the key anatomical structures that make up the thoracic cage and thoracic cavity. It discusses that the thoracic cage is formed by thoracic vertebrae, ribs, and sternum and functions to protect internal organs. It also describes the boundaries of the thoracic cavity as being formed posteriorly by thoracic vertebrae, anteriorly by sternum and costal cartilages, and laterally by ribs. The diaphragm forms the inferior boundary, separating the thoracic cavity from the abdominal cavity.
Pelvic Bones Anatomy-Male vs Female Pelvis
The pelvis is made up of paired hip bones that come together in the front and back. In females, the pelvis is generally lighter, thinner, and has a rounder inlet shape compared to males. The female pelvis has a greater subpubic angle and larger, more rounded outlet to aid childbirth. The main functions of the pelvis are to support the upper body, attach the lower limbs, protect internal organs, and allow movement. It also houses many reproductive and digestive organs.
Muscles Bones of Lower Limb Lower Limb Bones of LL HUMAN
Muscles
Bones of Lower Limb 2024. Bones of Lower Limb 2024
Bony pelvis
The bony pelvis consists of 4 bones: two hip bones, the sacrum, and the coccyx. Each hip bone is comprised of three parts - the ilium, pubis, and ischium. The ilium forms the fan-shaped upper portion and contributes to the acetabulum. The pubis forms the anterior portion and articulates with its counterpart via the pubic symphysis. The ischium forms the posteroinferior portion and contributes to the acetabulum. Together, the right and left hip bones form the pelvic girdle and provide attachment for muscles and support for the pelvic organs.
Pelvis.pptx
The pelvis is a basin-shaped structure formed by bones including the sacrum, coccyx, and two innominate bones. It supports the trunk and transmits its weight to the lower limbs. The female pelvis has a wider shape adapted for childbirth. There are three parts of the true pelvis - the brim, cavity, and outlet. The brim is oval-shaped and its diameters include the anteroposterior, transverse, and oblique. The cavity extends from the brim to the outlet. The outlet is diamond-shaped with diameters including the anteroposterior. There are different pelvic types including gynaecoid, anthropoid, and android,
Bony_Pelvis(1)_(1).pptx
The pelvic diaphragm is formed by the levator ani muscles (puborectalis, pubococcygeus, iliococcygeus) and the coccygeus muscle. These muscles originate on pelvic bones and insert into the coccyx, anococcygeal body, or perineal body to support the pelvic organs. The pelvic diaphragm is innervated by sacral plexus branches.
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Radiographic anatomy of thoracic,lumbar spine, sacrum and coccyx
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Radiographic anatomy of femur and pelvic girdle
- 1. Radiographic Anatomy of Proximal Femur and Pelvic Girdle Chandan Prasad Rajbhar Tutor College of Paramedical Sciences TMU, Moradabad
- 2. What is proximal femur ? • Upper portion of the femur is called as proximal femur. • The proximal femur consists of four essential parts, • Head • Neck • Greater trochanter • Lesser trochanter
- 3. Pelvis • The pelvis consists of four bones • Two hip bones • One sacrum • One coccyx • The term pelvic girdle is used in reference to the complete pelvis. It also consist of 4 bones.
- 4. Hip Bone Each hip bone is composed of three divisions: (1) ilium (2) ischium), (3) pubis. The fusion occurs in the area of the acetabulum. The acetabulum is a deep, cup shaped cavity that accepts the head of the femur to form the hip joint. • The ilium, the largest of the three divisions, is located superior • The ischium is inferior and posterior to the acetabulum, whereas • The pubis is inferior and anterior to the acetabulum.
- 5. Ilium (pelvis) • Each ilium is composed of a body and an ala. • The crest of the ilium is the superior margin of the ala it extends from the anterior superior iliac spine (ASIS) to the posterior superior iliac spine (PSIS). • In radiographic positioning, the uppermost peak called as the iliac crest. • Positioning landmarks • The two important positioning landmarks of these borders and projections are- • the iliac crest and the ASIS
- 6. • Ischium (pelvis) • The ischium is that part of the hip bone that lies inferior and posterior to the acetabulum. • Each ischium is divided into a body and a ramus. • The rounded roughened area near the junction of the lower body and the inferior rami is a landmark called the ischial tuberosity. • Posterior to the acetabulum is a bony projection termed the ischial spine. • Directly superior to the ischial spine is a deep notch termed the greater sciatic notch. • Inferior to the ischial spine is a smaller notch termed the lesser sciatic notch.
- 7. • Pubis (pelvis) • The body of the pubis is anterior and inferior to the acetabulum and includes the anteroinferior one-fifth of the acetabulum. • The body of each pubis is a superior ramus. The two superior rami meet in the midline to form an amphiarthrodial joint, the symphysis pubis. • The obturator foramen is a large opening formed by the ramus and body of each ischium and by the pubis. • The obturator foramen is the largest foramen in the human skeletal system.
- 8. The Greater and Lesser Pelvis • Greater pelvis (false pelvis) – located superiorly, it provides support of the lower abdominal viscera (such as a ileum and sigmoid colon). It has little obstetric relevance. • Lesser pelvis (true pelvis) – located inferiorly. Within the lesser pelvis reside the pelvic cavity and pelvic viscera.
- 9. Pelvic Inlet • The pelvic inlet marks the boundary between the greater pelvis and lesser pelvis. Its size is defined by its edge, the pelvic brim. • The borders of the pelvic inlet: • Posterior – sacral promontory (the superior portion of the sacrum) and sacral wings (ala). • Lateral – arcuate line on the inner surface of the ilium, and the pectineal line on the superior pubic ramus. • Anterior – pubic symphysis.
- 10. Pelvic Outlet • The pelvic outlet is located at the end of the lesser pelvis, and the beginning of the pelvic wall. • Its borders are: • Posterior: The tip of the coccyx • Lateral: The ischial tuberosities and the inferior margin of the sacrotuberous ligament • Anterior: The pubic arch (the inferior border of the ischiopubic rami).
- 11. Thank you