Differnces between radio and TV news,tips for writing news for radio and TV,structuring bulletins,writing for TV

2. Queen Mary College

3. BS MASS COM SEMESTER 5
SUBJECT
• BROADCAST JOURNALISM
TOPIC
• RADIO NEWSV/S TV NEWS
SUMMITED BY
KIRANIFTIKHAR
AROOJ BILAL
IZA FATIMA
AYESHANAWAZ
QUEENMARY COLLEGELAHORE

4. Contents:
 The common playing fields
 The difference
 Similar Tips for writing news for radio and TV
 Radio and Television bulletins
 Structuring the bulletins
 Writing for Television
 Conclusion

5. Radio News Vs Television News
The common playing fields:
The two areas of telecommunication radio and TV have much in common. Both use
electromagnetic air waves to transmit their signals. Apart from using terrestrial tra
nsmission
Method both qualify to use microwave technology to link distant transmissions. Both
are capable to use satellites for beaming their signals to any part of the world.
It is very common for radio and TV
to exploit sound and music effects to enhance value of
Their products.

6. The difference:
The areas where radio and TV broadcast shows difference are many.
Script:
The news script is also different as a radio news reader has to
describe the whole event through words and not to pause long whereas news reading (script)
for TV newsreel is punctuated with long pauses when footage of some event is shown.
News ticker:
You can easily mark a ticker, a scroll bar at the bottom of the TV screen, continuously running
during what ever the program is going on, to tell you latest routine news, and indeed about the
breaking news.

7. Clock:
A digital or analog clock would tell you about time
Announcements:
A program is not finished, yet, an announcement of other programs is displayed. More
announcements are also possible this way. All this is not possible on radio
Tele text:
These days some TV channels also give in text form latest in the stock market, timings of
trains, flights and inter-city buses, weather reports and many other activities through tele-text
services, or simply displaying details pertaining to all these activities in text form somewhere
on the screen. These reports may stay on the screen longer or flash at regular intervals of time

8. Direction:
A radio producer is always concerned about the presence of talent, studio and the
Microphones. The voice quality and audio expressions are his prime concern along with the
sound effects if they are required in a program. In comparison, director of a TV program is
more concerned about the sets, color scheme of the scene, lighting arrangement, positioning
of the microphone and entry of talents at various points of the program. Directors' concern radio voice/
sound mikes types, TV lights, colors, sets, contrasts, script
Looks of anchorperson and sitting within the frame.
Pauses and gestures:
In Radio, no pauses (FM) while in TV, pauses in voice, visuals includes while writing a script or performing.
And gestures (nodding, hand movement) are also present in a TV news while something not like that in
radio.

9. Similar tips for writing news for radio and TV:
 KISS
Keep it short and simple.
 Use up-to-date tenses
 Do not use quotes
 Put attribution first (By putting the attribution up front, you are also making your
sentence more active, important for broadcast news.)
 Avoid unfamiliar words
 Repeat important words
 Keep punctuation simple
 Simplify numbers
 Avoid abbreviations

10. Radio and television bulletins (production, making, principles)
Producing bulletins for radio, you can use similar techniques for television. The main
difference is that television bulletins also include pictures, which have to be coordinated
with the script. If you can understand the principles of producing radio bulletins, you
can use them for television, adapting them to the style of your particular newsroom.

11. The principles of bulletin preparation
Radio bulletins are usually made up from three types of material:
 written stories in the form of a script;
 voice reports from journalists, either recorded or live;
 Recorded sound called actuality. This is usually the sound of someone speaking, perhaps taken
from an interview or a speech. A short segment of actuality is called a grab. Grabs are used in a
similar way to quotes in a newspaper story. In some countries, grabs are called cuts or inserts.

12. Structuring the bulletin
Starting the bulletin:
The start is the most important part of any radio bulletin. It determines whether or not your
listeners will stay tuned. Just as the intro is the most important part of a news story, the lead
item is the most important one in the bulletin. If your listeners find this boring, they will assume
that there is nothing better to come and go out to dig the garden.
Headlines:
Once you have decided on the order of stories, you should write some headlines for the bulletin.
It is usual to start a long bulletin by headlining the major stories. This may not be necessary for
a short, three-minute bulletin, but for longer bulletins your listeners will want to know what kind
of stories they can expect.

13. Closing stories:
Sometimes called tail-enders, closing stories are almost as important as lead stories. They are
the last stories your listeners will hear and remember from the bulletin. You need to choose them
carefully. However, because many listeners do not maintain their attention throughout the whole
bulletin, you should not keep your best stories to the end.
Light or funny stories make the best tail-enders.
Closing headlines:
With longer bulletins, you can use closing headlines to remind your listeners of stories they may
(or may not) have heard 10 minutes earlier. Unlike opening headlines, which should attract your
listeners to listen to the bulletin, closing headlines are simply there as a service, especially to
listeners who may have tuned in late.

14. Music:
Never use music as background to a news bulletin. It is distracting and ruins any variations in
pace within the bulletin.
A special theme should be used to announce the bulletin and may occasionally be used within
the bulletin, perhaps to separate different segments. We call such short music
inserts stabs or stings.

15. Writing for television:
Although most of the rules for broadcast writing (such as KISS)
apply to both radio and television, there are a few additional
factors to remember when writing for television . Making
television news is a more complicated process than producing
radio news - which can often be done by one person. Television
always involves several people, performing specialist tasks such
as camera operating, scriptwriting, bulletin presenting, directing,
studio managing, lighting and sound mixing. Television also
involves two simultaneous methods of presenting information -
sound and vision. Of the two, vision is usually the most effective
in giving details quickly.

16. Captions:
The names and titles of speakers are usually written on the
screen in captions. These must be simple and clear, so that your
viewers do not have to spend much time reading them. Remember too
that your viewers may not all be able to read.
Subtitles:
Subtitles are text versions of the spoken words in the bulletin
or program. They usually run along the bottom of the screen so
viewers can read them while still watching the pictures and
listening to the words being spoken.

17. Stand-ups:
One final word about writing for stand-ups.
These are the times when a reporter speaks
directly into the camera at the scene of the
story. Each stand-up segment in news is
normally about 10 or 20 seconds long, meaning
that it can contain several sentences of spoken
word. Some reporters write the words they
will say in sentences on a notebook then read
them out in front of the camera. However, this
means that the reporter cannot look into the
camera while also looking down to read from
the notebook.

18. Conclusion:
Radio would continue as medium as newspapers survived after radio, TV
seems making advancement
but TV is
an advanced form of radio visual added to voice... technical aspects
are more in common as compared between radio and newspapers.
You can hear and see a program on
TV but side by side you can see the clock
For timing, weather report temperatures, stock market rates, cricket
match score a scroll below
Telling you all the latest and above all a breaking news, something not
possible on radio.