1. Physiological disorders in radishes can be caused by environmental factors like nutrient deficiencies, temperature fluctuations, poor soil conditions, and improper moisture levels. 2. Key physiological disorders discussed include pore development which causes pores in the root reducing quality, elongated or forked roots from excess moisture or compact soil, and bolting from warmer temperatures or planting too late. 3. Other disorders include increased pungency from heat or water stress, and cracking from uneven watering, over-fertilizing, or leaving radishes in the ground too long. Proper watering, fertilizing, harvesting, and variety selection can help control many of these physiological disorders.

1. Physiological Disorders Of Raddish

2. . Submittedby:
MUsamaSabir
Submittedto:
ProfHassanSardar
Rollno:
10
Section:
Morning
Coursetitle:
PrincipalOfVegetativeProduction
Title:
PhysiologicalDisordersOfRaddish
DepartmentofHorticulture
Bahauddinzakariyauniversitymultan

3. Physiological Disorder of
Reddish
The physiological disorder can be
defined as:
Any kind of abnormality in an economically important part of
vegetables or other parts that contribute to the yield and quality of
vegetables is termed a physiological disorder.

4. The reasons for physiological disorders are
environmental /abiotic factors. Physiological
disorders are caused because of:
Deficiency of micronutrients
Sudden fluctuation in temper
Poor soil conditions and
Improper moisture availability during cultivation

5. 1 - Name of disorder:
Pore extent, Pore development, or Pithiness
Crop:
Radish
Damage: Symptoms:
 Pores are formed in the root. The quality of radish is reduced, destroying its commercial
value.
 It is caused by excessive root growth in comparison with the corresponding assimilation
ability of leaf tissue. Physiologically, parenchymatous cells in root tissue collapse. Pore
development is a sign of senescence and its degree varies from variety to variety. Varieties
forming early pores have larger parenchymatous cells in roots, more tender basal tissue, and
lower starch content.
 Varieties showing early maturity, earlier enlargement of the root, and rapid reduction in T/R
ratio (ratio of the root weight R to the top weight T) have a tendency to form large pores

6. Reasons:
 When harvesting is delayed, this disorder is more pronounced.
 There is no particular gene identified that directly controls pore development,
but genes indirectly influence these physiological characteristics.
Control:
 To avoid the pore extent, harvesting should be done at the appropriate time.
 As long-term strategy, it is suggested that a variety with early root
enlargement and late pore development might be bred by crossing between
varieties that had high assimilation ability and early growth.

8. 2-Name of disorder:
Elongated root or Forking
Crop:
Radish
Damage: Symptoms:
There is secondary elongating growth in the roots that gives a look of fork fork-lecture to the
root
Reasons:
. Inter-varietal varivariations being considered to result from the degree of secondary elongating
growth. Elongated root relates closely to soil adaptation. Varieties with vigorously elongated
rootrootsort root or round roots have been selected in areas of shallow arable soil and varieties
with poorly elongated roots, long roots, and, huge roots have been cultivated in areas with deep
soil conditions.
.The disorder is due to the excess moisture during the root development of reddish.
.It also occurs in heavy soil due to compactness.
.Un-decomposed organic manure favors elongated roots in radish.

9. Control:
 It can be corrected by reducing the moisture from the field, by balanced irrigation, and
also by sowing the radish and carrot in sandy loam or light soil having soils loose and
friable in nature.

10. 3-Name of disorder: Bolting
Crop: Radish
Symptom:
Development of seed stalk without proper development of economically
important/edible vegetative part is termed as bolting.
Radish is a seed vernalizing crop in response to low temperatures.
The degree of bolting ability has been studied because of its disadvantage in
cultivation, and breeding research has been directed toward late bolting.
Reasons:
If radishes are planted too late in spring or too early for fall, the warmer
temps and longer days of summer will inevitably lead to bolting.
Control:
If your radishes are already planted later than they should be, you can minimize the
effects of bolting by keeping the radish plants irrigated and adding mulch to
help retain this moisture and keep the plants cooler

12. 4-Name of disorder:
Pungency
Crop:
Radish
Damage / Symptom:
 The taste of radish for fresh eating is one of the most important quality traits.
 The pungent component of radish is 4-methylthio-3-butenyl isothiocynate (MTB-ITC).
 It was confirmed that many varieties (temperate) were low in contents of 4-methylthio-
3-butenyl glucosinolate (MTB-GSL) (100-200 mmol per 100 g fresh weight) preferred in
Europe and the USA.
 As a disorder roots become more pungent.
Reasons:
It happens due to high temperature and water stress conditions.
Control:
Proper water management.
Selection of variety as per season.

14. 5-Name of disorder:
cracking
Crop:
Radish
Damage / Symptom:
Radishes will split if they encounter a lack of water followed by too much water (also called uneven
watering). Radishes will also split if they are left in the ground too long. In addition, over-fertilizing with
nitrogen or potassium can cause radishes to split. A boron deficiency can also cause cracking in radishes.
Reasons:
This is usually caused by waiting too late to harvest the radishes. Cracking is caused
by fluctuations in moisture which cause the root to swell rapidly and crack, especially near
maturity.
Control:
Water a little and often to help prevent splitting, and ensure good drainage to handle
excessive rainfall.