Black Males in the Media: Last Chance U and the Plight of Perpetual PossibilityMarques Dexter
M. Dexter's presentation at the 2017 North American Society for the Sociology of Sport (NASSS) Conference:
Black males in media discourse are considered deviant, unintelligent, who seek fame and material possession, and who come from low socioeconomic backgrounds. The media discourse instills negative and ambiguous self-representations of Black males' masculinity. The salient images of the black heterosexual body as seen in rappers, athletes, entertainment and film stars disseminates adverse depictions of black masculinity as incapable, hostile and oversexed. Such media representations coax black families to steer their adolescents away from diverse educational opportunities that would permit socioeconomic advancement in society, with the place of choice being athletics. The source of data for this study are derived from the Netflix docuseries 'Last Chance U.' Utilizing Dr. Harry Edwards' notion of the triple tragedy, this presentation seeks to critique ways in which the media and sport institutions both propagate and institutionalize heteronormative ideologies of Black male athletes. The authors intend to stimulate conversations on how the media replicates injurious tropes of perseverance in athletics, hindering young Blacks' from actualizing their future outside of athletics, and validate fragile conceptions of Black masculinity. Furthermore, this session also seeks to illuminate opportunities for both the media and sport institutions to provide constructive narratives of Black athletic success, ultimately steering young Blacks from the plight of perpetual possibility.
Cultivating Black Male Success: Turning the Plight of Perpetual Possibility i...Marques Dexter
Presentation at the 2018 UGA Global Conference on Sport for Social Change
The media has become a primary source for Black males to locate sources of self-representation outside their familial networks. Entertainers, collegiate, and professional athletes often become their role models. As a myriad of research informs, a result has been the misfortune of young Black males continuously becoming socialized to value athletics over academic endeavors (Beamon & Bell, 2006; Benson, 2000; Bimper & Harrison, 2011; Edwards, 2000; Fuller, Harrison, & Bukstein, 2016). With numerous problematic symbols of Black success, coupled with false narratives of deficiency, our young Black kings are at risk of embarking upon a destructive route to (assumed) prosperity and (perceived) upward mobility. Ultimately, they may fall victim to what I characterize as the plight of perpetual possibility. Utilizing previous research and personal experience this presentation seeks to unpack elements of the plight, concluding with recommendations for those who have a vested interest in Black male success to cultivate a more holistic scholar-athlete identity.
Black Males in the Media: Last Chance U and the Plight of Perpetual PossibilityMarques Dexter
M. Dexter's presentation at the 2017 North American Society for the Sociology of Sport (NASSS) Conference:
Black males in media discourse are considered deviant, unintelligent, who seek fame and material possession, and who come from low socioeconomic backgrounds. The media discourse instills negative and ambiguous self-representations of Black males' masculinity. The salient images of the black heterosexual body as seen in rappers, athletes, entertainment and film stars disseminates adverse depictions of black masculinity as incapable, hostile and oversexed. Such media representations coax black families to steer their adolescents away from diverse educational opportunities that would permit socioeconomic advancement in society, with the place of choice being athletics. The source of data for this study are derived from the Netflix docuseries 'Last Chance U.' Utilizing Dr. Harry Edwards' notion of the triple tragedy, this presentation seeks to critique ways in which the media and sport institutions both propagate and institutionalize heteronormative ideologies of Black male athletes. The authors intend to stimulate conversations on how the media replicates injurious tropes of perseverance in athletics, hindering young Blacks' from actualizing their future outside of athletics, and validate fragile conceptions of Black masculinity. Furthermore, this session also seeks to illuminate opportunities for both the media and sport institutions to provide constructive narratives of Black athletic success, ultimately steering young Blacks from the plight of perpetual possibility.
Cultivating Black Male Success: Turning the Plight of Perpetual Possibility i...Marques Dexter
Presentation at the 2018 UGA Global Conference on Sport for Social Change
The media has become a primary source for Black males to locate sources of self-representation outside their familial networks. Entertainers, collegiate, and professional athletes often become their role models. As a myriad of research informs, a result has been the misfortune of young Black males continuously becoming socialized to value athletics over academic endeavors (Beamon & Bell, 2006; Benson, 2000; Bimper & Harrison, 2011; Edwards, 2000; Fuller, Harrison, & Bukstein, 2016). With numerous problematic symbols of Black success, coupled with false narratives of deficiency, our young Black kings are at risk of embarking upon a destructive route to (assumed) prosperity and (perceived) upward mobility. Ultimately, they may fall victim to what I characterize as the plight of perpetual possibility. Utilizing previous research and personal experience this presentation seeks to unpack elements of the plight, concluding with recommendations for those who have a vested interest in Black male success to cultivate a more holistic scholar-athlete identity.
HISTORY YEAR 9 - RACISM. Contains: racism definition, type of racism, racial discrimination, institutional racism, economic racism, symbolic racism, cultural racism, xenophobia, colour blindness, othering, prejudice against minority groups, anti racism movements, civil rights movements, Martin Luther King Jr, anti apartheid movement, Nelson Mandela.
This is part of Soc 101 course in North South University where analysis about racism in a global context from past to present.
Racism is a prejudicious conception that
categorizes one race on intrinsically superior or
better than another
Race and Society (Chapter 9, "You May Ask Yourself")Emily Coffey
A review of the impact of society on race, racism, and racial equality, particularly in America. Appropriate for 100-level sociology courses. If you like it, feel free to use it!
----
"You May Ask Yourself" second edition (2011), D. Conley, W.W. Norton - Chapter 9
----
*** This is only my "reworking" of pre-packaged PPT files included textbook published by W.W. Norton. Some materials copyright by W.W.Norton.
Researcher William Bridel examines how cultural norms impact the way pain and injury are experienced and (not) talked about in sport. He includes findings from the latest academic studies, including his own research on “weekend warriors” and endurance challenge athletes.
With examples drawn from a range of sports such as men’s professional rugby, women’s varsity rowing, marathons and triathlons, you’ll discover the often ironic intersections between pain, injury, and health.
HISTORY YEAR 9 - RACISM. Contains: racism definition, type of racism, racial discrimination, institutional racism, economic racism, symbolic racism, cultural racism, xenophobia, colour blindness, othering, prejudice against minority groups, anti racism movements, civil rights movements, Martin Luther King Jr, anti apartheid movement, Nelson Mandela.
This is part of Soc 101 course in North South University where analysis about racism in a global context from past to present.
Racism is a prejudicious conception that
categorizes one race on intrinsically superior or
better than another
Race and Society (Chapter 9, "You May Ask Yourself")Emily Coffey
A review of the impact of society on race, racism, and racial equality, particularly in America. Appropriate for 100-level sociology courses. If you like it, feel free to use it!
----
"You May Ask Yourself" second edition (2011), D. Conley, W.W. Norton - Chapter 9
----
*** This is only my "reworking" of pre-packaged PPT files included textbook published by W.W. Norton. Some materials copyright by W.W.Norton.
Researcher William Bridel examines how cultural norms impact the way pain and injury are experienced and (not) talked about in sport. He includes findings from the latest academic studies, including his own research on “weekend warriors” and endurance challenge athletes.
With examples drawn from a range of sports such as men’s professional rugby, women’s varsity rowing, marathons and triathlons, you’ll discover the often ironic intersections between pain, injury, and health.
Sociology of the City: a community project based course for ELLsYadira Echevarria
An overview of a course designed for ELLs in NYC that incorporates English language development and project based learning. Students learn the basics of urban sociology and conduct research of socio-economic dnamics in NYC. They then design a project for a specific community that will have a positive impact on the neediest residents.
The Nature and Scope of Sociology include all the followings:
* The Sociological Perspective
*Seeing the Broader Social Context
*Foundation of Sociology
and many mores :)
Hope that this my Slides will help you to understand all the information :))
--0 THE DUALITY OF SPORT ffo11w11 beings seek ekstasSilvaGraf83
--
0
THE DUALITY OF SPORT
ffo11w11 beings seek ekstasis, a "stepping 011t~ide" of th eir 1w111wl,
111111ulr111e experience. If they 110 lunger find ecstasy in a synagogue,
clwrc/1, or 111osq11e, they look for it i11 dm1cc , lllll5ic, sport, sex, or
drugs.
- Karen Armstrong, historian of religions
Spol1 is a u;i11do11; 011 a clw11gi11g soqety.
- Dmicl Halber~tam , author
For sol/le people, baseball i\· like a religion . It has all the ele111e11ts:
a creation story, falls from grace, redemption, prophets, heretic5,
icons, lituals, te111JJ!es, u:ors/1ip, sacrifice, miracles, sar,iors a11d si11-
11ers-lots of si111wrn.
- John Longhurst, Wi1111ipeg ( Manitoba ) Free Press
Soccer is like a 90-111ir111te anxiety dream--<Jnc of those fnistrating
dreams u:hen you 're trying to get somewhere but something is a/u;ays
in the iuay. This is yet another icay soccer is like life.
- Simon Critchle>·, English professor of philosophy
CHAPTER I
l
Sports are not just physical contests, yott know,_tl~ ey are also sociol
ogy. They are a reflection of the people and soczetzes that play th em.
-Mike Seccombe, Australian journalist
The thrill ofcicton; and the agony of defeat-the human drama of
athletic competition .
-Jim McKay for ABC's Wide \Vorld of Sport
The subject of this volume is sport in US society. To guide this inquiry,
I ham organized the book around two themes: that sport has positive
and negative consequences, that is, sport is both fair and foul; and
that sport is a microcosm of society. Each of these themes brings into
sharper focus the paradox that, on the one hand, we love sport and are
fascinated by its magical qualities, yet sport has troublesome qualities
as well. This leads to confusion, as sportswriter Gary Smith has written:
All this confusion does it signal a society lost in the wilderness . . . or one
finally mature enough to look at questions it has always shut its eyes to?
m~ mine.I gnaws at the bone, at every last bit gristle. Beneath it all , he
can !> ense \\'hat's going on , the vague feeling that people are beginning
to ham that their love of sports-the sense of escape and belonging that
the:' prmide- is doubling back on them like some hidden undertow,
pulling the m out to sea. 1
THEME I: SPORT IS FAIR; SPORT IS FOUL
Sociologist Jay Coakley observes that Americans believe in what he calls
the "Great American Sports Myth," which is "the widespread belief that
all sp01ts are essentially pure and good, and that their purity and good
ness are transferred to those who participate."2 This is the message given
at a typical high school sports banquet honoring the school's athletes .
The guest speaker, with examples, humor, and sincerity, extols the many
\i1tues of sports participation. The implications of the "Great American
Sports M)th " are, foremost, that sports participation builds ch_aracter.
Second, if there are problems, they are because of a few "bad apples,"
3 TH ...
--
0
THE DUALITY OF SPORT
ffo11w11 beings seek ekstasis, a "stepping 011t~ide" of th eir 1w111wl,
111111ulr111e experience. If they 110 lunger find ecstasy in a synagogue,
clwrc/1, or 111osq11e, they look for it i11 dm1cc , lllll5ic, sport, sex, or
drugs.
- Karen Armstrong, historian of religions
Spol1 is a u;i11do11; 011 a clw11gi11g soqety.
- Dmicl Halber~tam , author
For sol/le people, baseball i\· like a religion . It has all the ele111e11ts:
a creation story, falls from grace, redemption, prophets, heretic5,
icons, lituals, te111JJ!es, u:ors/1ip, sacrifice, miracles, sar,iors a11d si11-
11ers-lots of si111wrn.
- John Longhurst, Wi1111ipeg ( Manitoba ) Free Press
Soccer is like a 90-111ir111te anxiety dream--<Jnc of those fnistrating
dreams u:hen you 're trying to get somewhere but something is a/u;ays
in the iuay. This is yet another icay soccer is like life.
- Simon Critchle>·, English professor of philosophy
CHAPTER I
l
Sports are not just physical contests, yott know,_tl~ ey are also sociol
ogy. They are a reflection of the people and soczetzes that play th em.
-Mike Seccombe, Australian journalist
The thrill ofcicton; and the agony of defeat-the human drama of
athletic competition .
-Jim McKay for ABC's Wide \Vorld of Sport
The subject of this volume is sport in US society. To guide this inquiry,
I ham organized the book around two themes: that sport has positive
and negative consequences, that is, sport is both fair and foul; and
that sport is a microcosm of society. Each of these themes brings into
sharper focus the paradox that, on the one hand, we love sport and are
fascinated by its magical qualities, yet sport has troublesome qualities
as well. This leads to confusion, as sportswriter Gary Smith has written:
All this confusion does it signal a society lost in the wilderness . . . or one
finally mature enough to look at questions it has always shut its eyes to?
m~ mine.I gnaws at the bone, at every last bit gristle. Beneath it all , he
can !> ense \\'hat's going on , the vague feeling that people are beginning
to ham that their love of sports-the sense of escape and belonging that
the:' prmide- is doubling back on them like some hidden undertow,
pulling the m out to sea. 1
THEME I: SPORT IS FAIR; SPORT IS FOUL
Sociologist Jay Coakley observes that Americans believe in what he calls
the "Great American Sports Myth," which is "the widespread belief that
all sp01ts are essentially pure and good, and that their purity and good
ness are transferred to those who participate."2 This is the message given
at a typical high school sports banquet honoring the school's athletes .
The guest speaker, with examples, humor, and sincerity, extols the many
\i1tues of sports participation. The implications of the "Great American
Sports M)th " are, foremost, that sports participation builds ch_aracter.
Second, if there are problems, they are because of a few "bad apples,"
3 TH ...
History cannot be reshuffled, like a deck of cards, but there are times when it cries out for context. Some forthright proposals have surfaced of late, each demanding a change of historical name, and they are worth examination in the climate of Black Lives Matter awareness.
Prepared for the 2013 NEASC conference. Dr. Chrystal Denmark Porter spoke to attendees about how she became an early adapter of using social media in her classroom. She outlined for participate tools that she has used to allow her students to be "producers" rather than just "consumers" of technology.
Presentation presented for Endicott College's Center of Teaching Excellence. The purpose of the presentation was to encourage faculty set new trends in their presentations and require their students to slidecast.
Embracing GenAI - A Strategic ImperativePeter Windle
Artificial Intelligence (AI) technologies such as Generative AI, Image Generators and Large Language Models have had a dramatic impact on teaching, learning and assessment over the past 18 months. The most immediate threat AI posed was to Academic Integrity with Higher Education Institutes (HEIs) focusing their efforts on combating the use of GenAI in assessment. Guidelines were developed for staff and students, policies put in place too. Innovative educators have forged paths in the use of Generative AI for teaching, learning and assessments leading to pockets of transformation springing up across HEIs, often with little or no top-down guidance, support or direction.
This Gasta posits a strategic approach to integrating AI into HEIs to prepare staff, students and the curriculum for an evolving world and workplace. We will highlight the advantages of working with these technologies beyond the realm of teaching, learning and assessment by considering prompt engineering skills, industry impact, curriculum changes, and the need for staff upskilling. In contrast, not engaging strategically with Generative AI poses risks, including falling behind peers, missed opportunities and failing to ensure our graduates remain employable. The rapid evolution of AI technologies necessitates a proactive and strategic approach if we are to remain relevant.
Biological screening of herbal drugs: Introduction and Need for
Phyto-Pharmacological Screening, New Strategies for evaluating
Natural Products, In vitro evaluation techniques for Antioxidants, Antimicrobial and Anticancer drugs. In vivo evaluation techniques
for Anti-inflammatory, Antiulcer, Anticancer, Wound healing, Antidiabetic, Hepatoprotective, Cardio protective, Diuretics and
Antifertility, Toxicity studies as per OECD guidelines
Acetabularia Information For Class 9 .docxvaibhavrinwa19
Acetabularia acetabulum is a single-celled green alga that in its vegetative state is morphologically differentiated into a basal rhizoid and an axially elongated stalk, which bears whorls of branching hairs. The single diploid nucleus resides in the rhizoid.
June 3, 2024 Anti-Semitism Letter Sent to MIT President Kornbluth and MIT Cor...Levi Shapiro
Letter from the Congress of the United States regarding Anti-Semitism sent June 3rd to MIT President Sally Kornbluth, MIT Corp Chair, Mark Gorenberg
Dear Dr. Kornbluth and Mr. Gorenberg,
The US House of Representatives is deeply concerned by ongoing and pervasive acts of antisemitic
harassment and intimidation at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT). Failing to act decisively to ensure a safe learning environment for all students would be a grave dereliction of your responsibilities as President of MIT and Chair of the MIT Corporation.
This Congress will not stand idly by and allow an environment hostile to Jewish students to persist. The House believes that your institution is in violation of Title VI of the Civil Rights Act, and the inability or
unwillingness to rectify this violation through action requires accountability.
Postsecondary education is a unique opportunity for students to learn and have their ideas and beliefs challenged. However, universities receiving hundreds of millions of federal funds annually have denied
students that opportunity and have been hijacked to become venues for the promotion of terrorism, antisemitic harassment and intimidation, unlawful encampments, and in some cases, assaults and riots.
The House of Representatives will not countenance the use of federal funds to indoctrinate students into hateful, antisemitic, anti-American supporters of terrorism. Investigations into campus antisemitism by the Committee on Education and the Workforce and the Committee on Ways and Means have been expanded into a Congress-wide probe across all relevant jurisdictions to address this national crisis. The undersigned Committees will conduct oversight into the use of federal funds at MIT and its learning environment under authorities granted to each Committee.
• The Committee on Education and the Workforce has been investigating your institution since December 7, 2023. The Committee has broad jurisdiction over postsecondary education, including its compliance with Title VI of the Civil Rights Act, campus safety concerns over disruptions to the learning environment, and the awarding of federal student aid under the Higher Education Act.
• The Committee on Oversight and Accountability is investigating the sources of funding and other support flowing to groups espousing pro-Hamas propaganda and engaged in antisemitic harassment and intimidation of students. The Committee on Oversight and Accountability is the principal oversight committee of the US House of Representatives and has broad authority to investigate “any matter” at “any time” under House Rule X.
• The Committee on Ways and Means has been investigating several universities since November 15, 2023, when the Committee held a hearing entitled From Ivory Towers to Dark Corners: Investigating the Nexus Between Antisemitism, Tax-Exempt Universities, and Terror Financing. The Committee followed the hearing with letters to those institutions on January 10, 202
Unit 8 - Information and Communication Technology (Paper I).pdfThiyagu K
This slides describes the basic concepts of ICT, basics of Email, Emerging Technology and Digital Initiatives in Education. This presentations aligns with the UGC Paper I syllabus.
Francesca Gottschalk - How can education support child empowerment.pptxEduSkills OECD
Francesca Gottschalk from the OECD’s Centre for Educational Research and Innovation presents at the Ask an Expert Webinar: How can education support child empowerment?
Synthetic Fiber Construction in lab .pptxPavel ( NSTU)
Synthetic fiber production is a fascinating and complex field that blends chemistry, engineering, and environmental science. By understanding these aspects, students can gain a comprehensive view of synthetic fiber production, its impact on society and the environment, and the potential for future innovations. Synthetic fibers play a crucial role in modern society, impacting various aspects of daily life, industry, and the environment. ynthetic fibers are integral to modern life, offering a range of benefits from cost-effectiveness and versatility to innovative applications and performance characteristics. While they pose environmental challenges, ongoing research and development aim to create more sustainable and eco-friendly alternatives. Understanding the importance of synthetic fibers helps in appreciating their role in the economy, industry, and daily life, while also emphasizing the need for sustainable practices and innovation.
The French Revolution, which began in 1789, was a period of radical social and political upheaval in France. It marked the decline of absolute monarchies, the rise of secular and democratic republics, and the eventual rise of Napoleon Bonaparte. This revolutionary period is crucial in understanding the transition from feudalism to modernity in Europe.
For more information, visit-www.vavaclasses.com
Welcome to TechSoup New Member Orientation and Q&A (May 2024).pdfTechSoup
In this webinar you will learn how your organization can access TechSoup's wide variety of product discount and donation programs. From hardware to software, we'll give you a tour of the tools available to help your nonprofit with productivity, collaboration, financial management, donor tracking, security, and more.
Macroeconomics- Movie Location
This will be used as part of your Personal Professional Portfolio once graded.
Objective:
Prepare a presentation or a paper using research, basic comparative analysis, data organization and application of economic information. You will make an informed assessment of an economic climate outside of the United States to accomplish an entertainment industry objective.
Model Attribute Check Company Auto PropertyCeline George
In Odoo, the multi-company feature allows you to manage multiple companies within a single Odoo database instance. Each company can have its own configurations while still sharing common resources such as products, customers, and suppliers.
Safalta Digital marketing institute in Noida, provide complete applications that encompass a huge range of virtual advertising and marketing additives, which includes search engine optimization, virtual communication advertising, pay-per-click on marketing, content material advertising, internet analytics, and greater. These university courses are designed for students who possess a comprehensive understanding of virtual marketing strategies and attributes.Safalta Digital Marketing Institute in Noida is a first choice for young individuals or students who are looking to start their careers in the field of digital advertising. The institute gives specialized courses designed and certification.
for beginners, providing thorough training in areas such as SEO, digital communication marketing, and PPC training in Noida. After finishing the program, students receive the certifications recognised by top different universitie, setting a strong foundation for a successful career in digital marketing.
2. Class FormatClass Format
Overview of Sport Sociology/ Issues inOverview of Sport Sociology/ Issues in
SportSport
Expand your perspectiveExpand your perspective
3. Sport SociologySport Sociology
StackingStacking
Participation TrendsParticipation Trends
Employment TrendsEmployment Trends
Participation BenefitsParticipation Benefits
OppressionOppression
Is sport a microcosm of society?Is sport a microcosm of society?
8. Jim Crow & SportJim Crow & Sport
Gentleman’s AgreementGentleman’s Agreement
1939 Cotton Bowl1939 Cotton Bowl
1940 NYU v. U. of Missouri1940 NYU v. U. of Missouri
11. Sports & RecollectionSports & Recollection
Recalling events is synonymous with sportRecalling events is synonymous with sport
Events related to race and sport are oftenEvents related to race and sport are often
excluded or devoid of facts aboutexcluded or devoid of facts about
strugglesstruggles
12. Erasing ProcessErasing Process
NCAA Hall of ChampionsNCAA Hall of Champions
They do not address segregation orThey do not address segregation or
integrationintegration
Athletes accomplishments are devoid ofAthletes accomplishments are devoid of
segregationsegregation
13. Erasing Process (cont.)Erasing Process (cont.)
College Football Hall of FameCollege Football Hall of Fame
No attempts are made to clarify raceNo attempts are made to clarify race
No discussion about the conditions theNo discussion about the conditions the
Native Americans excelled under, andNative Americans excelled under, and
how they disappearedhow they disappeared
Fails to show the rise of the African-Fails to show the rise of the African-
American athleteAmerican athlete
Bypasses topics of Native AmericanBypasses topics of Native American
mascots & Confederate mascotsmascots & Confederate mascots
14. Jack TriceJack Trice
Iowa State UniversityIowa State University
rededicated theirrededicated their
stadium in his honorstadium in his honor
One of the first BlackOne of the first Black
players at ISUplayers at ISU
15. Love/Hate the Black BodyLove/Hate the Black Body
Black bodies have been seen asBlack bodies have been seen as
grotesquegrotesque
Black bodies have been renderedBlack bodies have been rendered
aesthetically as superior in: strength,aesthetically as superior in: strength,
speed, & resiliencespeed, & resilience
Black bodies signified deviance: sexuality,Black bodies signified deviance: sexuality,
style, presentation, criminalitystyle, presentation, criminality
16. Love/Hate the Black BodyLove/Hate the Black Body
The body of the African-AmericanThe body of the African-American
athletes, as a site and source ofathletes, as a site and source of
exceptional ability, criminal deviance, andexceptional ability, criminal deviance, and
spectatorial, if not sexual pleasure,spectatorial, if not sexual pleasure,
simultaneously facilitates imagination andsimultaneously facilitates imagination and
exploitation. And as it entertains, inspires,exploitation. And as it entertains, inspires,
troubles, and revolts, it legitimates, if nottroubles, and revolts, it legitimates, if not
encourages, discipline, regulation andencourages, discipline, regulation and
control.control. (King & Springwood, 2001)(King & Springwood, 2001)
17. College or Pro?College or Pro?
ImmatureImmature
MaterialisticMaterialistic
Disinterested in EducationDisinterested in Education
Lacking DisciplineLacking Discipline
Taking the Easy Way OutTaking the Easy Way Out
Needs to Care for their FamiliesNeeds to Care for their Families
18. A Tale of Two AthletesA Tale of Two Athletes
Henson opted toHenson opted to
attend the Universityattend the University
of Michigan & playof Michigan & play
minor league baseballminor league baseball
in the summerin the summer
Bryant decided toBryant decided to
play pro-basketballplay pro-basketball
19. A Tale of Two AthletesA Tale of Two Athletes
Phenomenal AthletesPhenomenal Athletes
Middle-class familiesMiddle-class families
involved in sportinvolved in sport
Approached byApproached by
professional teams inprofessional teams in
high schoolhigh school
20. A Tale of Two AthletesA Tale of Two Athletes
Bryant received a $10Bryant received a $10
million contractmillion contract
NY Yankees openlyNY Yankees openly
courted Hensoncourted Henson
Bryant “the nextBryant “the next
Michael Jordan”Michael Jordan”
Henson “the nextHenson “the next
Michael Jordan of proMichael Jordan of pro
sports”sports”
21. A Tale of Two AthletesA Tale of Two Athletes
Bryant: School’s OutBryant: School’s Out
Henson: Golden Boy:Henson: Golden Boy:
Michigan-BoundMichigan-Bound
Quarterback andQuarterback and
Yankee Bonus ByYankee Bonus By
Drew Henson—WhoDrew Henson—Who
Also Averaged 22Also Averaged 22
Points in BasketballPoints in Basketball
and 4.0 in theand 4.0 in the
Classroom Is AlmostClassroom Is Almost
Too Good to Be TrueToo Good to Be True
22. A Tale of Two AthletesA Tale of Two Athletes
Bryant’s physical andBryant’s physical and
emotional maturity wasemotional maturity was
debated in the mediadebated in the media
Did he have theDid he have the
necessary experience ornecessary experience or
strength?strength?
Could he handle theCould he handle the
pressure?pressure?
College would refine him,College would refine him,
grant him the opportunitygrant him the opportunity
to earn a diploma and toto earn a diploma and to
improve his gameimprove his game
23. A Tale of Two AthletesA Tale of Two Athletes
Henson’s choices wereHenson’s choices were
celebratedcelebrated
Yankees were very verbalYankees were very verbal
in the media they wantedin the media they wanted
him now!him now!
No arguments aboutNo arguments about
maturitymaturity
No assumptions about hisNo assumptions about his
physical abilityphysical ability
No mention of the valueNo mention of the value
of a college degreeof a college degree
24. The Assumptions?The Assumptions?
Bryant is lackingBryant is lacking
Bryant is breaking theBryant is breaking the
“rules”“rules”
Is there theIs there the
suggestion that Blacksuggestion that Black
athletes need training,athletes need training,
regulation, andregulation, and
discipline, but thatdiscipline, but that
their Euro-Americantheir Euro-American
counterparts do not?counterparts do not?
25. Problems with Kobe?Problems with Kobe?
Than consider TigerThan consider Tiger
Left Stanford beforeLeft Stanford before
graduatinggraduating
Some backlash, atSome backlash, at
firstfirst
26. The Rules of SportThe Rules of Sport
Maria Sharapova
age 17 Robert Swift
age 19
Al Montoya
age 19
Dominique
Moceanu
age 13
Rick Nash
age 18
27. The Black Female AthleteThe Black Female Athlete
Research about women in sport has beenResearch about women in sport has been
limitedlimited
Large research studies about BlackLarge research studies about Black
women and sport were not conducted untilwomen and sport were not conducted until
the 1980’sthe 1980’s
Contemporary research continues toContemporary research continues to
ignore Black womenignore Black women
28. The Black Female AthleteThe Black Female Athlete
Black females at ALL levels ofBlack females at ALL levels of
competition, only account for 6-8% ofcompetition, only account for 6-8% of
athletesathletes
Limited research suggest that there areLimited research suggest that there are
some similarities, but more differencessome similarities, but more differences
than Euro-American female athletesthan Euro-American female athletes
29. The Black Female AthleteThe Black Female Athlete
Girls only with exceptional talent receiveGirls only with exceptional talent receive
encouragementencouragement
Culture is more comfortable with femalesCulture is more comfortable with females
in traditional rolesin traditional roles
Sports is still viewed as a predominatelySports is still viewed as a predominately
male activitymale activity
30. Additional ProblemsAdditional Problems
Cultural differencesCultural differences
Different set of valuesDifferent set of values
Environments withEnvironments with
tension &tension &
misunderstandingmisunderstanding
Lack of sensitivityLack of sensitivity
Differences related toDifferences related to
commitment, ethics, faircommitment, ethics, fair
play, winningplay, winning
Differences in style ofDifferences in style of
playplay
31. StackingStacking
Describes the assumption that minorities
possess certain set of skills appropriate to
certain positions on teams (or specific
sports or events), and they will compete
among themselves for these positions
32. Nontraditional SportsNontraditional Sports
Exclusionary clubs and leaguesExclusionary clubs and leagues
Lack of minority role modelsLack of minority role models
Lack of accessibility to facilities orLack of accessibility to facilities or
coachingcoaching
33. Misc. TopicsMisc. Topics
What’s in a name?What’s in a name?
– First name v. last nameFirst name v. last name
Success when the playing field is even?Success when the playing field is even?
34. ConclusionConclusion
“…“…it is important to acknowledge that,it is important to acknowledge that,
despite problems, sports can be sites fordespite problems, sports can be sites for
challenging race logic and transformingchallenging race logic and transforming
racial and ethnic relations”racial and ethnic relations” (Coakley, 2001).(Coakley, 2001).
Editor's Notes
Reading provided were to introduce you to the concepts that are related to sport sociology.
Some of the common themes you will find are included in this list
There are LOTS & LOTS of ACADMEMIC research about sport sociology
Tonight’s purpose is to give you an overview of some of the concepts that are tackled
My background is from Sport Management perspective
I view sport sociology topics in relation to the business or management of sport/ I may be somewhat cynical
I attempt to teach people to view things with their hearts, but also remember the managerial perspective
Race has always been a part of the American sport experience
Does anyone know Yale’s mascot? Princeton’s mascot?
In 1891, the NY times covered the rivalry football game between Yale and Princeton
The paper talks about how Yale paraded their established icon-a bulldog, across the fields
Princeton, not to be outdone, invented an impromptu mascot designed to match the schools colors orange and black
Princeton was not going to be outdone in that way, however. Pretty soon out came old Nassau’s mascot, and the boys of the blue had to confess that they of the orange had scored a point. Princeton’s mascot was a comely young colored girl. She was dressed in a flaming orange dress, with an orange bonnet and an orange parasol. She walked around the field eating an orange and apparently entirely unconscious of the tremendous sensation she created.
Soon after this there was a rise in the number of colleges and universities that were mimicking members of other races
Simpson College, a private Methodist school in central Iowa adopted the “Scalp Song”
Made reference to cannibalism and combat
Currently Miami University offers a ring tone with their “Scalp Song”
Stanford has a version
There was a rise in the number of institutions who choose mascots that were influenced by the Native American people and culture
Ironically, at the same time Native Americans were becoming a dominate force in football
Which Sport was involved with assimilating Native Americans?
During the early part of last century, boarding schools were designed to educate and “civilize” Native Americans
Most famous facility was the Carlisle Indian Industrial School
Playing football promoted Euro-American values of fairness, responsibility, and autonomy
Carlisle produced a number of all-Americans, most notably Jim Thorpe
Most of their games were attended by thousands, even up to 15,000
The games were often viewed as racial contest
The media often stressed the savagery, physicality, and innate differences of the Indian players
In sprite of the success that Native American athletes were receiving, Jim Crow haunted college athletics and the American society
Teams and institutions were entitled to refuse to play interracial games
In the 1939 Cotton Bowl, Clemson insisted that Boston College not play their star running back Lou Montgomery
Agreement was challenged in 1940: NYU was scheduled to play U of Missouri-an all white team who requested NYU leave their full back Leonard Banks
When NYU agreed, there were intense student protest calling for the end of Jim Crow in Sports
Native Americans who were once celebrated are now largely empty images
African-Americans, who were formally excluded are the star players and trouble delinquents
Euro-Americans remain constant
How many of you remember Sammy Sosa and Mark McGuire were in the chase to break the home run record?
In sport, rather than refuse things- we rework it, edit it, and reconstruct it
When it comes to race and sport certain facts get excluded
People don’t discuss it and some try to erase it
How many of you know the year or the name of the first black athlete to play sports at your undergraduate institution?
HOC does not present a single history of college sport, it uses several techniques to capture the spirit and significance of college sport.
HOC offers a series of time lines that focus on chronological succession of accomplishments
Rather than present a full account of events surrounding an athlete, such as intense discrimination, racial differences are not discussed
Up through the 1950’s one sees virtually no images of African Americans players, and you might conclude it was 100% white game
There is no explanation on the integration of non-white players within the time lines.
There is no mention of any great moments related to race at a college
There is an entire exhibit on mascots
There is one small display about the centennial of black college football-a photograph featuring pre-game ceremonies for Johnson C. Smith University and Livingstone College commemorating the centennial of black college football.
Segregation is not mentioned and Jim Crow is not mentioned
Both examples shoe how race is present, yet absent and intangible
Celebratory and nostalgic histories erase race
Does anyone know who is Jack Trice
In 1988 Iowa State University rededicated it’s football stadium in his honor
He played only 1 game
He pinned a note to himself for the first game: “ The honor of my race, family, and self is at stake. Everyone is expecting me to do big things. I will! My whole body and soul are to be thrown recklessly about the field tomorrow. Every time the ball is snapped, I will be trying to do more than my part. On all defensive plays I must break through the opponents’ line and stop the play in their territory”
He died from injuries sustained against U of Minnesota.
The motivations and intentions of U of Minnesota players were unclear, but some players sought to hurt and sideline Trice because he was black
Naming the stadium after Trice paid tribute to the qualities he displayed, even in a brief career
Naming the stadium after him could remind fans, students, alumni about how race can be an important issue in sport
Images and accounts of African-American athletes challenge reproduce, transcend and even deploy contemporary domains of Blackness.
However they also create and re-create what Euro-Americans believe about the race
Blackness has had about 3 phases
With Euro-Americans there is a mixture of fear, longing, and ambivalence that has long characterized our relationship
I am briefly explaining the context of body politics because it sets the context to several of the issues related to race in sport.
This is the academic way to start to understand why we perceive there to be differences between athletes of different races.
The media and our frames of reference truly influence our perceptions about the Black athlete, especially when they choose not to attend college
Several comments are usually associated with Black athletes who turn pro
Almost every class I have ever taught has at least found their way in restating these each time, only one class I taught saw no problem what-so-ever
Show you how race impacts how we view things
In mid-1990’2 two super athletes Drew Henson & Kobe Bryant faced the decision of going to college or going pro
The media presented them as polar opposites
Henson was applauded for his decision
Bryant was challenged, if not condemned for his
Striking similarities
Henson played pro-baseball & college football at the same time
Bryant’s father was a pro-basketball player
Henson’s father coached high school sports
NY Yankees offered him a $2 million signing bonus to play minor leagues in the summer
Yankees traded him to the Reds in the half season: Henson became unhappy and threatned the Red’s management with the fact he was going to play football, so the Red’s traded him back to the Yankees
The Yankees provided him with a large amount of money so he didn’t go play football
Sports Illustrated stories
Immediately after Bryant announced his intention to enter the draft and to forgo his college eligibility questioned his decision
His physical and emotional maturity was debated in the media
The black athlete needs the refinement and upward mobility secured by college, in spite of his background.
Q#1 Should there be a minimum age requirement for professional athletes? If yes what is the reason?
Are you opposed to Maria Sharapova playing? Dominique Moceanu who won the US National Championship at 13?
Have you been protesting Robert Swift, taken #31 in this year’s draft. HS senior from Bakersfield, CA?
Al Montoya 6th round of NHL draft by New York Ranger’s (Chicago’s own)
Best examples to focus on are the William’s sisters.
Think about what you have heard about them in the media and how they appear to have had these issues
These are women at the elite levels experiencing this, what is going on at lower levels?
-Talk about the activity results
No matter how bad we want to believe it, sports are not void of racial problems