An engine stand is a tool used to repair large engines by holding them suspended in air. Engine stands allow access to all surfaces and protect fragile components from being crushed. They are mounted on casters so engines can be moved around the shop. Large engines require engine stands because they cannot be easily laid down due to their size and weight. Engine stands are commonly used with engine cranes to remove and install engines and perform repairs. Rolls Royce engine stands have unique features like adjustable angles of access and sturdy construction to stably hold engines during maintenance. They supply engine tooling and stands globally to support their aircraft engines.

1. Chapter 1
The Problem and Its Scope
Introduction
An engine stand is a tool commonly used to repair large
heavy gasoline or diesel engines. It uses a heavy cantilevered support structure
to hold the engine in midair so that the mechanic has access to any exposed
surface of the engine. While small single-piston engines can commonly be laid
on a table for repair, a large engine is normally meant to be supported from its
engine mounts or from the flywheel transmission case mounts and fragile
components such as oil pans and valve covers would be crushed if the large
engine were placed on a flat surface.Engine stands are typically mounted on
large casters so than an engine can be moved around the shop to different test
and repair stations, and the engine can often be rotated in midair to provide
easier access to underside surfaces of the engine. The engine stand is
commonly used in combination with the engine crane to remove or install an
engine in a vehicle, break in that engine, and perform repairs.
On the other hand, the design of the stand engine requires fundamental
requirements and
An engine stand is illustrated having a universal mounting apparatus for
securing loads such as different sizes of automotive engines and the like to a
rotatable face plate which has a wheeled stand therefor. The invention further
contemplates an extensible wheeled support on the stand having adjustable
means for balancing and stabilizing the load carried by the universal mounting.

3. Conceptual Framework

4. Table 1. Schematic Diagram of the Present Study
This shows schematic diagram of the study includes the Input, Process
and Output (IPO) format. The Input includes the design, utility, functions,
experiments, prototype heating and boiling activity performance. Process shows
that the homemade water is an electric-based which means that it is powered by
electricity.
On the other hand, the output of this study is to come up with a
prototype/sample homemade water paper for boiling and heating water in
response to the traditional water heating procedure in the households.
Designs,
Mechansims,
Functions,
Tests and
Activities
And Performance
Engine Stand

5. Significance of the Study
The findings of this study will be very helpful and beneficial to the following
persons, institutions and group of individuals:
Automotive Technology Instructors: This study will provide them
information and background knowledge in the design of engine stand in order to
conceptualize and understand its designs, mechanisms, functions, tests,
activities and performance with respect to its usefulness and operationability for
vehicle and engine use. Furthermore, the findings will be useful and helpful in
their instruction so that the students will be given the opportunity and experience
in designing an engine stand as learned and gained concepts, theories and
applications of this study. Thus, it will provide new information, techniques and
trends with respect to the design of engine stand considering its elements and
requirements for vehicle and engine use.
AutomotiveTechnology Students: This study will encourage them to
design an engine stand guided by its concepts, theories and principles that each
of them will be given the opportunity to discover and enhance their exploratory
and inventive skills and competencies in their area of specialization.
Furthermore, this study helps them to understand intensively the design.
mechanisms, functions, tests, activities and performance of the engine stand in
its usefulness, functionality and operationability to vehicles and engines. In other
words, the students are actually exposed and engaged to the various activities
which involved design, create, invent and conceptualize an engine stand which is
useful and helpful in repairing the damaged engines/diesels.

6. Future Researchers: This study will give further knowledge in the design
of engine stand encompassing its functions, mechanisms, tests, activities and
performance. On the other hand, the design of an engine stand is considered of
this as an innovation that will showcase the students’ skills, understand the
concepts and applications and encourage technical aspects in the design of
engine stand which will require student participation and involvement as guided
by the expertise of their instructor. Thus, this study will give more inputs and
highlights in the design of engine stand.

7. Statement of the Problem
As the engine stand focused in this study will establish functionality,
usefulness and operationality to damaged engines/diesels. Thus, it will provide
solution to engine problems and it will demonstrate students’ critical thinking,
problem solving and inventive skills in the design of a engine stand for
engine/diesel use.
This study will seek specifically to answer the following questions:
1. What is the design of the engine stand?
2. What are mechanisms and functions of each part of the engine stand?
3. What are tests and activities involved that will test its functionality,
operationability, usefulness, effectiveness and durability of the engine
stand?
4. What are other engine related-performances that the engine stand can do
for engine/diesel concerns?
Scope and Limitations of the Study
This research is actually conducted at Automotive Technology Room at
Surigao del Sur State University-Cagwait Campus from January to March of the
Academic Year 2015-2016. Moreover, this study highlights and presents the
design, mechanisms, functions, tests and activities that will test its functionality,
operationability,usefulness, effectiveness, durability and other engine related-
performances that the engine stand can do for engine/diesel concerns. On the
other hand, it actually presents on how the engine stand is useful and helpful in
engine /vehicle operations and repair system.

8. Definition of Terms
The different terminologies used in the development of the study are
operationally and lexically defined below for clarity and easy understanding
among readers:
Design refers to the external and internal features of a certain invention.
In this study, the term is used to identify the different parts of the homemade
water system.
Mechanisms refer to the parts and functions found of a certain inventions.
In this study, the term is used to identify the parts of the homemade water heater
and how each of the parts is functioned.
Utility refers to the usefulness of a certain invention that will do and
respond specific actions. In this study, the term is used to describe the uses and
benefits of the homemade water heater.
Experiment refers to a series of tests of activities of specific tasks and
activities to define its effectiveness and usefulness. In this study, the term is used
to identify on what experiments are conducted for the homemade water heater
to define its usefulness and effectiveness.
Prototype refers to a certain project in a form of miniature or original
invention that will show the final and assembled project/invention. In this study,
the term is used to describe to what is the structure/miniature of the Homemade
Water Heater.
Heating Activity refers to the embedded function of an electric
homemade which includes functions and specifications. In this study, the term is

9. used to identify the heating activities and functions through experimental set ups
conducted for the homemade water heater.
Water Heater refers to a kind of household appliance which facilitates the
heating and boiling of water made of metal and electrically powered. In this
study, the term is used to describe the features, mechanisms and functions of
the homemade water heater.

10. Chapter 2
REVIEW OF THE RELATED LITERATURE AND STUDIES
This chapter presents the Review of Related Literature and Related
Studies of the present study in the inside and outside the country.
Related Literature
Foreign
One Of The Distinct Engines Stands Ever Made
The range of Rolls Royce engine tooling has some different features from the
othertooling equipment. For the routine maintenance, a Rolls Royce engine
tooling have been traditionally been striped and built on ground based engine
built stand. The RollsRoyce engine stand has been designed on the basis of
two manipulators, which can be used in a complete range of engine. The Rolls
Royce engine tooling has been designed to exacting standards and the
supporting tooling like the carriers and interface tooling were all subject to
individual strength tests. They are the new players in the aviation market has an
agreement with a company with hydro for products and services related to
engine built and ground supporting system. Their main tooling and parts consist
of build and strip tooling, ground support equipment, line maintenance tooling,
component repair tooling, whole engine transportation stand, electrical test
equipment, engine blank and special to product test equipment. The Rolls
Royce engine stand has its unique features such as 45degree
Positioningwheel with ball lock pin secures engine giving 8 angles of
maintenance access, Sturdy

11. welded steel construction, Easy manoeuvring with 2 swivel and 2 rigid heavy
duty casters, Centre foot operated grips firmly to stabilize stand during
maintenance operation, Handy oil recovery pan to avoid damage to hangar floors
and Durable Powder Coat Tonier Blue.
The Rolls Royce engine tooling kit comes with the adapters in different
variants such as K2108, K2110, K2111. They are having a leading edge
technology business which has completely changed the picture of Rolls Royce in
the world. The company is now leading the field not only in big engines sales but
also in support of those engines so that airlines business of flying people and
cargo around the globe should be met. Rolls Royce has its own competitive
advantage in manufacturing of its engine toolingand engine stand and they
supply the products to many of their aircrafts and airline businesses for which
they have a very positive market share.
Aircraft Engine: The Best Portability Solution For Those Giant Engines.
Aircraft engine stands are units developed to change the work load
associated stress that comes with loading and unloading of an engine. The work
becomes easy and straightforward with engine stands. The stands area unit thus
deigned that it's able to see and modify every and each half well. alternative
advantage that comes with these engines is that they permit North American
country to switch and repair engine and its components whereas flying within the
air. it's an incredible resolution for imperative problems which may occur whereas
flying on the plane.
Types of engine stands:

12.  Rollover stands — rotates (rolls) the interchange place to realize minimum
height/width profile for loading through transport payload doors.
 GEnx-1B -2B twin purpose stand — offers improved safety and value
through hydraulically activated elements, including: caster readying,
engine rotation and lifting systems. Supports 2 of the OEM’s commonest
turbofan platforms; all elements and elements are kept on-board.
 little engine stand — designed for the final aviation trade to boost the
upkeep and repair of four- to six-cylinder engines that weigh up to 600
pounds. Options 180-degree rotation, industrial lockable wheels, spare
elements receptacle, multiple engine mounting adapters associate
degreed a swollen drip pan.
 Split stands — permits for transportation of rotary engine engines in split
configuration; permits engines to be stowed in hold.
 Fan stands — permits for the transportation of the GEnx-1B and -2B fan
modules.
 LM2500 shipping skid and LM2500 check dolly — designed for safe
shipping and transport of the LM2500 engine.
 Miscellaneous stands — look dollies; fan stands; check stands.
The stand permits fitting associate engine into the stand simply. Once a stand
holds the engine well, it will be affected to anywhere while not a scratch thereon.
It's a secure choice to keep associate engine harmless from any harm which may
occur whereas moving it. associate engine could be needed to maneuver for

13. several problems like harm within the engine, fault within the fan or the other half,
that must be checked forthwith to avoid any problems additional.
It is relatively straightforward to ascertain, clean, repair, and maintain an
engine in an exceedingly automotive and alternative vehicles. The task is simple
as a result of one wants to not fly high within the sky to try and do thus. Whereas
within the case of associate engine in associate craft, it's riskier to alter or repair
associate engine.
Hence, exploitation associate engine stand could be a higher and safe choice
to move that significant engine with comfort and ease, to induce the work done,
and place it back to its place.
BASICCONCEPTOF ENGINEPERFORMANCE
Engine performance characteristicsare convenientgraphical presentationof an
engine performance.Theyare constructedfromthe dataobtainedduringact
ual test runs
of the engine andare particularlyusefulincomparingthe performance of one engine with
that of another.In thissectionsome of the importantperformance characteristicsof the SI
engine are discussed
FOUNDATION OF ENGINE
PERFORMANCE
TESTING
here are somany typesof dynamometers;the principle
of anydynamometeroperationistoallow the casingto swingfreely(
A.J.Martyr and

14. M.A. Plint
, 2007). The reactiontorque onthe casing,whichisexactlyequal tothe engine
tor
que,ismeasuredona level length,L,fromthe centerline of the dynamometerasforce,
F. Thisrestrainsthe outside casingfromrevolving,orthe torque andpowerwouldnotbe
absorbed(
G. P. Blair,1996 and
A.J.Martyr andM.A. Plint
, 2007
to repairand maintainengine
troughdiagnosticanalysissystemwiththe resultisthe efficientoperationof enginesof
all designs(
J. Erjavec,2006
).Both theorieshave differentobjectives.First,tolearn
performance engineus
eddynamometer.The goal iscouldbe developedengine
performance ormay be alsogive service tocustomersforselectedanengine.Second,is
to monitoringof engine inordertohave the efficientoperationusing diagnostic
techniques.
DEVELOPMENT OF ENGINE PERFORMANCE
TESTING
There are so many research developments on two stroke engine.
One of them has
been conducted by Merrit and Bennett. The research describes a
new stratified c
harge

15. burn combustion management system based on the invention of a
new gas dynamic
segregation system (D Merritt and M C Bennett, 2006).
Another research has been developed by Gordon. 100 cc of two
stroke diesel
engine was used to investigate the drawbacks of the injection
system. The ultimate
performance was limited by a mechanical fuel injection system (RL
Gordon, 2005). The
we
akness could be consisted by used a high pressure pump, and
electromagnetically
actuated, balanced valve and a miniature fuel injector, as the result
successfully
demonstrated to offer full flexibility in injection timing and fuel
delivery. A weight
saving
of up to 25% was also shown, proving the viability of the new,
miniature fuel
injection system concept.
Local

16. An engine stand is a very important tool that every mechanic should have.
This equipment is commonly used to repair any heavy diesel or gasoline engine.
Usually, it has a cantilevered support structure that can hold any type of engine
in midair. This will give the mechanic the means to access hard to reach parts of
the engine. Engine stands are meant to repair large engines, especially its fragile
components like valve coves and oil pans. These parts will be crushed if the
engine is placed on a flat surface.
Basically, engine stands are mounted on solid casters, so that it can be
moved around the shop and can easily be accessed by any of its repair stations.
Usually, this equipment work hand-in-hand with engine cranes. These two
significant auto repair tools are used to install or remove engine vehicles or to
simply perform repairs. Therefore, engine stands are vital in any auto repair
facilities. Having your very own engine stand is as important as any of your repair
equipment. However, buying one is not as easy as you think, especially if you
don’t know what to look for in these types of tools.
Fortunately, you can now buy an engine stand on the Internet through
various online engineering supply companies. But before you decide on a
particular company, you need to check the credibility of the seller you’re dealing
with. They need to be in the business of selling engine stands for years and their
credibility must be based on good customer service. One good example for this
is SGS engineering solutions which is known for its high quality auto repair
equipment. In fact, they offer specialized tools and equipment for vehicle
maintenance shops. So, if you need this particular tool and you want the most

17. credible engineering company to supply you with this equipment, then you must
checkout SGS engineering solutions for more details. In fact, engine stands can
be found online at http://www.sgs-engineering.com/.
http://www.alextheinformer.com/2013/04/the-importance-of-engine-stands.html
ALEX REILLO, 2013

18. Related Studies
Foreign

19. Chapter 3
RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
This chapter covers the research design, research locale, and research
planning and procedure and research time target.
RESEARCH DESIGN
This study used developmental-experimental research design in order to
understand its design and mechanisms and to analyze it experimental set ups in
conducting heating activities. For instance, Engine Stand.
RESEARCH LOCALE
This study was conducted at Automotive Technology Laboratory of the
Surigao del Sur State University-Cagwait Campus, Poblacion, Cagwait,
Surigaodel Sur for Academic Year 2015-2016.
RESEARCH PLANNING AND PROCEDURE
A letter of request to conduct the study entitled ” Homemade Water
Heater” was submitted to the Office of the Campus Director of this Campus
which allowed the student researchers to use the Automotive Laboratory Room
for their developmental and experimental research activities. After the approval
was secured, the design, planning and conceptualizing of the Homemade Water
Heater was started.
RESEARCH TIME TARGET
The time target accomplishment of this research will be on January to
March of the Academic Year 2015-2016. Thus, there are series of experiments,

20. and tests will be involved and conducted for homemade water heater in terms of
water heating and boiling activities.

21. DESCRIPTION
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
Engine stands and the like constructed in accordance with the prior art have been
relatively complex, generally requiring a wheeled stand providing spaced vertical support
members between which the load in the form of an engine and the like is carried. Such supports
limit accessibility to the load or other structure upon which repair or construction work is being
carried out. In the case of engines, different makes, models and sizes require mounting plates of
special construction for attaching the load to the face plate. The problem is brought about
because the surfaces of the various makes of engines are at different levels requiring the flat face
plate to be joined with an irregular surface. The standard face plate provided for any given engine
would have bosses and the like which are specially provided for that make of engine. The plates
are expensive and one for each type of engine to be serviced must be provided.
Accordingly, one of the objects of the present invention is to provide a universal mounting
face plate which may accommodate an engine and the like of any size and manufacture.
Another important object of the invention is the provision of a load balancing and stabilizing
means in the form of an extensible wheeled member carried by the wheeled base which may be
raised in order to fix and balance the load as positioned by the universal mounting means which
may require more spacing from the face plate of the engine stand in some instances than in
others.Prior art devices are typified by the engine stand illustrated in U.S. Pat. No. 3,218,056
wherein a special spaced forward support is provided for stabilizing the forward portion of the
engine.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
It has been found that a universal motor mounting apparatus may be provided for use on
an engine stand wherein adapter members are attachable to the engine for accommodating studs
and transfer bars carried thereby to accommodate a mounting plate. The mounting plate is
positionable upon the face plate of the engine stand. It is important that the stud members be
positionable at an angle in order to accommodate not only engine surfaces at various levels but
also inclined engine surfaces. This may be accomplished by providing a pivotal connection

22. between the threaded members and the studs. It has also been found that forwardly extensible
wheeled load leveling members may be provided by a wheel base member and such preferably
incorporate a vertical threaded stud member for immobilizing the base portion and leveling the
load positioned by the universal mounting apparatus.
DESCRIPTION OF A PREFERRED EMBODIMENT
A motor mounting apparatus for use on an engine stand has a wheeled base with a vertical stand
carried thereby and a rotatable face plate on said stand. A plurality of threaded members A are
attachable to the engine. A plurality of threaded studs B are receivable upon the threaded
members. A plurality of transfer bar members C are attachable to the studs, and a mounting plate
D is attachable to the transfer bar members and to the face plate. Means E pivotally connect at
least one of the threaded members and one of the studs. Forwardly extensible wheeled load
leveling elements F are carried by the base for balancing and stabilizing loads carried by the
mounting apparatus.
The engine stand includes a wheeled base having a pair of spaced legs 11 and 12 which extend
forwardly from a transverse bridging member 13. Rear wheels 14 are carried adjacent the rear of
the legs 11 and 12 or by the transverse support 13. A vertical standard or column 15 carries the
engine mounting mechanism. The column 15 carries a vertically disposed hydraulic ram 16 for
raising and lowering the face plate mounting means 17 which is pivotally secured to the column
as at 18. The face plate is illustrated at 19 and is driven for rotation by the shaft 20. The shaft 20
carries a worm gear 21 within the gear box 22. The worm 23 may be turned manually by the
crank 24 to rotate the load illustrated in the form of an engine by broken lines 25 in FIG. 1.
It will be noted that the engine 25 has a number of pads 25a, 25b and 25c to accommodate
various accessories or other associated engine parts. In this instance, the pads accommodate
threaded members A which are attachable thereon by bolts or other threaded means 26. Each of
the members A have an internally threaded member such as a nut 27 which is secured thereto as
by welding (not shown). In the case of an inclined surface of the load such as illustrated at 25d, a
pivotal connection E is provided for joining the members A with the threaded stud members B.
This is provided in the form of a vertical leg 28 carried upon the member A together with a

23. complimentary leg 29 which carries the internally threaded member 27 thereon. The respective
legs 28 and 29 are connected together as by a pivot pin 30.
https://www.google.com/patents/US4239196, James Hanger
ENGINE STAND.
Application led October 29, 1921. Serial No. 511,349.
This invention relates to engine .stands for supporting motors so that the same may away from
the arms of the stand, as welll as being capable of being positioned at any angle thereto within
the usual limits required.
Further objects of the invention will be apparent from the following description and include the s
everal improvements illustrated and described and covered by the claims.'
There are a number of engine stands on the market today, some of them being quite satisfactory
with certain types of engines, but which are not adaptable for use with other types. With the
present stand any motor of any type from a light two-cylinder buckboard motor to the very heavy
automobile truck motors may be accommodated. lThis great range of service is possible due to
the various adjustable Jfeatures of the present stand, for example, the standards are movable
with relation'to each other; the heads are adjustable vertically; the arms are pivoted so as to
swing through the entire 360; the carriers are slidable throughout the length of the .ways or arms;
the distance pieces are secured to the carriers and to the cross-piece by pivotal means so as to
be secured at any desired angle; and the supporting or spacer members are movable freely in the
longitudinal slot of the crosspiece and are adjustable at any distance therefrom.
As shown in the perspective view, the motor is secured to two of the carriers in the same manner
as it is secured to the chassis frame, while .at the other end the supporting members and the
cross-piece hold the front end of the motor in a position of convenient accessibility, the supporting
members attaching directly to the inner face of the gear housing, the panel for which is removed
before the motor is attached to the frame. l
Fig.'r 1 is a perspective view of my device 1n lts preferred form, and
Fig. 2 is a central vertical section through the cone clamp and head of the standard.

24. Fig. 3 is a perspective of the device shown with a different motor and with the pivoted arms
turned thru approximately 180.
My device consists of three main parts, namely, the frame A, the standards B, and
the truck C. The frame is pivoted to the standards and the latter are mounted in pedestals 10 and
11, respectively, one of which may be permanentlysecured to the truck, while the other is
adjustable thereon 4to correspond to the diierent widths ofchassis in common use. The truck is
preferably fu'rnished with casters or wheels so as to be conveniently moved from place to place.
The truck consists of a pair of wheeled bases 12 and 13 which may be of different lengths as
shown, each consisting of a pair of angle irons secured together at either end 'by their fasteningl
to the caster support 15 and intermediately by the angle clips 16 t0 which are secured the parallel
beam's 17 forming the longitudinal members of the truck.
Each of the pedestals consists of a single casting providing a vwide base 19 grooved to tit the
corners of the bars 17 and recessed-to form four legs to reduce the friction of the pedestal
against the bars whenl the former is moved. From the base 19 rises a socket 2O centrally
strengthened on either side by a triangular stiti'ening member 21, the socket being split on either
side and in proximity to the stitiening member 21 so that one slot will be to the right of one of
these stiening members, while the other will be to the lettot the opposite member, in order that
each split portion shall consist of a semicylinder and an integral stiifening web.
The standard B consists of two telescoping portions 22 and 23, the former being secured in the
socket of the pedestal by a bolt 24, which not only binds the member 22 to the pedestal, but also
draws together the two split portions of the socket.v The inner and smaller member 23 of the
standard receives at its upper end the' head 25 which may b'e secured to it in any, desired
manner and at its lower portion is perforated with a number of holes 26 adapted to engage with a
pin 27 passing through the upper endK of the member 22 so as to hold the head of the
telescoped standard at the desired adJusted height. x c
The head 25 is provided at one side with a cup member 29 into which is fitted the cone clamp 30
which is provided in its outer flat face with a grooved recess 3l to receive the arms 32 forming the
longitudinal members of the frame A.- A bolt 33 having a reduced end 34 is mounted centrally of

25. the head and cup member and passes through the cone clamp 30 as well, the shoulder between
the larger portion of the bolt and the reduced portion 34 abutting against the` outer face of the
angle iron arm 32 which is secured against such shoulder by means of the nuts 35 so that the
bolt, clamp and angle iron arm' move as a unit, and may for all purposes be considered as
integral.y The end ofthe bolt 33 that passes through the head is threaded to receivea nut 37
which is loosened byV means of a socket wrench, such as 38 to permit the turning of the frame
on its pivots and when this nut 37 is tightened, the frame is locked in position by means of the
frictional engagement between the cone clamp 30 and the correspondingly shaped recess in lthe
cup 29.
The supporting arms 32 plvotedas )ust described are capable of swinging throughout the entire
360o of a circle so that when a motor is mounted upon these arms in the way illustrated, the
motor can be swung into any desired position and the frame may be locked to maintain it at the
chosen angle by merely tightening the nuts 37. A pair of carriers 40 are slotted to slide upon the
arms 32 and may be secured at any distance from the pivot by tightening the set screw 41. These
carriers each has an inwardly extending projection 42 serving as a bracket to support the rear
end of the motor and for this purpose the bracket is slotted to receive the standard bolt which
secures the usual integral ear of the fly wheel casing to the chassis frame. In some motors the
rear end is not supplied with ears loverlapping the chassis bars', but is secured to them by means
of special fittings'. In such cases as' this an angle clip is mounted upon the bracket end of the
carrier and the rear end of the motor frame is secured to this an le .clip in well known manner.
The ront end of the motor is secured to the frame A by means of connections with a cross piece
45 lwhich consists in a pair of parallel bars 46 and 47 secured to and spaced from each other by
the bolts 48 and the spacing sleeves 49 mounted thereon, this construction forming a cross piece
having a central slot in which the sup orting or suspending members 50 are free y slidable
longitudinally of the cross piece. Each of these supporting members consists of a threaded rod
having a flattened circular perforated end 51, this rod being threaded throughout its entire length
as shown, and being fsecured in the slot of the cross piece by means of washers 52 and nuts 53.

26. The cross piece 45 is supported above the carriers 40 by means of distance or spacing pieces
55, each of which hasa smooth central portion 56 which may be cylindrical or may be squared for
convenience in holding it, while the ends are threaded right and left handed to receive nuts 57 for
engagement with the cross piece and similar nuts 58 which secure the distance piece to the
bracket end 42 of carriers exactly similar to those previously described, all of these nuts being
provided with the usual washers.
lVhile it is not intended that the cross piece should ever be arranged other than parallelto the
upper faces of the carriers, it will be noted that the carriers may be arranged at different distances
from the pivots of the arms, and since the distance pieces 55 are cylindrical, and therefore have a
pivotal engagement with both the cross piece and the carriers, the cross iece may be arranged at
any desired ang e to the arms. It will usually not be necesary to thus angle .the cross piece since
in normal operation it will be arranged parallel to the plane of the flange of the gear housing and
the sup orting members 50 will be'adjusted vertical y and horizontally so that the per-` is
perforated at its lower end to receive the shaft of a bolt 66 having a solid integral head 67. This
bolt 66 is threaded through a bridge member 70 clamped to the beams 17 by means of the thumb
screws 71 and the bolt or adjusting member 66 is provided with a small handle` 724 at its end so
that it is not necessary to carefully adjust the distance between the two pedestals, since by
securing the bridge 70 and by turning the handle 72, the movable pedestal may readily be
brought to the exact location desired.
When the frame A is moved so that the bars 32 are vertical it-might appear that a very great
stress was thrown upon the four set screws 41. This however, is not the case as, due to the
pivotal connection of the vdistance pieces 55 with both the cross-piece
Manley Robert E.