The document discusses concepts from the film Interstellar including: 1) How Cooper is able to escape the black hole by ejecting part of the spaceship, reducing its mass and allowing the engines to overcome the black hole's gravity. 2) How the third law of motion, which states that for every action there is an equal and opposite reaction, allows rockets to accelerate in space by expelling exhaust gases in the opposite direction of desired travel. 3) That while the third law of motion was depicted in the film, in reality generating enough force to propel a ship away from a black hole without fuel is not physically possible.

1. INTERSTELLAR
MADE BY PIETER-JAN FREES, MARIE BUYCK, IBE VYNCKE, SILVIA MARIANI, STEFANO GALASSI, TELMO

2. SOME COMPLEX WORDS

3. Third principle of dynamic:
When a first body exerts a force F1 on a second body, the second body simultaneously exerts a force on the first
body. This means that F1 and F2 are equal in magnitude and opposite in direction.
F2 = −F1

4. THE INERTIAL REFERENCE SYSTEM
provides inertial navigation data to user systems. It
uses a ring laser gyro to sense angular rate about the
roll, pitch and yaw axes. The system is termed
strapdown since its sensors are, in effect, directly
mounted to the airframe.

5. HERE’S A REPRESANTATION OF HOW
• In other words:
It’s complicated…

6. JUST REMEMBER:
• The IRS is used to record and calculate
rotation in 3 dimensions, as pictured.
• This is used for aim and navigation in
spaceships, jetplanes, drones, etc.

7. CONSERVATION OF MOMENTUM:
For a collision between two objects, the total momentum of the objects before the collision is equal to the
total momentum of the two objects after the collision.

8. • Also, the momentum lost by object 1 is equal to the momentum gained by object 2.
• The above statement tells us that the total momentum is conserved.
• The total amount of momentum is a constant or unchanging value.

9. HOW DOES BRAND ESCAPE FROM THE
BLACK HOLE HE HAS APPROACHED?

10. As soon as Cooper sacrificed himself and ejected into the black hole with a part of the spaceship, the mass
of the ship decreased.
1) 2)
The forces of the engines remained the same, but the gravity pull from the black hole is now weakened.
Therefore the now lighter spaceship could increase in speed. This is how brand could escape the black hole
by leaving Cooper behind

11. COULD THE 3TH PRINCIPLE OF DYNAMIC WORK IN
THIS SITUATION?
The 3rd principle of dynamic states that: “For every action, there is an equal and opposite reaction.”
The thrusters burn fuel to create a pushing force, or thrust against the air. Thanks to the third law, an opposite
push is given, boosting the rocket through space.
• Thrusters  rocket in the opposite direction  Escape from black hole

12. • In space there is no air for rockets to push against, but they can accelerate by making use of thrusters in
this way: Rockets are able to accelerate by burning fuel behind them, and pushing the exhaust gases in
a direction opposite to the one in which they want to accelerate. So practically the rocket pushes on the
gas, and the gas in return pushes on the rocket.

13. • The principle works differently on the ground because the
surrounding air makes the action-reaction process of the rocket
difficult. To ensure that a rocket can lift off from the earth, thrust must
be greater than the mass of the rocket itself.
Gravity
Air friction
Thrust
In this way rockets work better in space than they
do in air. In space, the exhaust gases escape freely,
while on earth they have to push away the
surrounding air to lift off, and this consumes more
energy.
Air presssure

14. CAN WE USE THE 3RD PRINCIPLE OF
DYNAMIC WITHOUT FUEL?
Short answer:
No.

15. CA N W E U SE TH E 3 RD PRI N CI PLE O F
D YN A M I C W I TH O U T FU EL?
A CCO RD IN G TO W H A T W E FO UN D . .
• In the movie, the Mothership has
no fuel left. So the only solution to
escape from the black hole they
have approached, was to expel
(towards the black hole) Cooper’s
Spaceship.
• As a result, the Mothership was
pushed away from the black
hole, and Newton’s 3° law was
someway respected.

16. CA N W E U SE TH E 3 RD
PRI N CI PLE O F D YN A M I C
W I TH O U T FU EL?
Moreover, they also need energy to
launch the spaceship itself into the
black hole, in order to create the
opposite force (which was impossible to
begin with due to the Mothership’s lack
of fuel).
The truth is, what we saw
in the movie wasn’t really
something that could
happen for real.
Indeed, to push an entire
Mothership away from a
black hole they need to
produce a large amount
of force.