Basketry is the traditional occupation of Koragas, one of the most primitive tribes, living along the Kerala-Karnataka border. They make use of a number of plants to weave baskets of different name, size and shape. At present both baskets and their creators are facing the threat of extinction owing to changing socio-economic trends. The paper lists out 29 species of plants used by the Koraga for weaving baskets, which may pave the way for conservation of both plants and the traditional craft.
Article Citation:
Subrahmanya Prasad K and Raveendran K.
Plants used for basketry in Kasaragod District, Kerala.
Journal of Research in Plant Sciences (2012) 1(2): 153-159.
Full Text:
http://www.plantsciences.co.in/documents/PS0038.pdf
Urban Renewal and conservation of Kancheepuram, Tamil Nadu
Heritage background, places of importance, cultural background, land use and activities with respect to heritage conservation
A final year thesis proposal on PARLIAMENT HOUSE under Architecture of legislature, also known as parliamentary architecture is about creating the spaces for legislation purpose. It is creation of system that creates a system by itself for future.
Urban Renewal and conservation of Kancheepuram, Tamil Nadu
Heritage background, places of importance, cultural background, land use and activities with respect to heritage conservation
A final year thesis proposal on PARLIAMENT HOUSE under Architecture of legislature, also known as parliamentary architecture is about creating the spaces for legislation purpose. It is creation of system that creates a system by itself for future.
Sales Management and Distribution Process at Dadar flower market in MumbaiKartik Mehta
I find myself waking with the sun to catch the Dadar flower market at its busiest. Although it is open all day, the market’s peak hours are 4 a.m. to 9 a.m. — shortly after the night’s deliveries have been unloaded.
I have barely left Dadar station when the sidewalks begin to overflow with flowers — vendors already fashioning their purchases from the market into bouquets and garlands, leading me toward the source like breadcrumbs on a trail. My steps quicken as the scent of jasmine blossoms grows.
Just outside the covered portion of the 720-stall market, I meet Surin and Suresh, seated on overturned crates behind their wares. They are both from Mumbai and have worked in the flower business for nearly 20 years. “This is our ancestors’ business, so we are doing it too.”
They point out bright-green tulsi leaves to me, explaining that they are used for “medicine and puja,” or special Hindu ceremonies. It isn’t until I get home and look up tulsi that I learn it is also known as holy basil, which explained why the market was so redolent of it.
Hindu architecture ( Padmanabhaswamy Temple)Sarwar Azad
History of Dravida style temple architecture. introduction, sectional view, Gopuram of Padmanabhaswamy temple. The history, story and myths surrounding it and why it is the richest temple of the world.
Hello Friends,
I have made this PPT on the district 'Nagpur' in the state of Maharshtra. You can refer this information for making your projects at your school.
Good Luck!
CPIBO Soft Skills project on “Markets of Bombay”
Conducted and lead a primary research, performing, reporting on various markets in Bombay which involved interviewing Sellers and Buyers and provided stats on PowerPoint.
Bharat Bhavan is an autonomous multi-arts complex and museum in Bhopal, India, established and funded by the Government of Madhya Pradesh. The architect of Bhavan is Charles Correa.
Biodiversity of Medicinal Plants at River Bank of Yamuna, Agra, Uttar Pradeshijtsrd
In the present study many plants were found to have the medicinal values and are being used to cure various ailments by the local people. The pharmaceutical industries also use this medicinal wealth in several ayurvedic preparations. The survey revealed that herb species like Boervaavia Boerhavia diffusa, Cyperus rotundus, Pendalium Pedalium murex, Tribulus terrestris and Withania somnifera are being employed in more than 50 pharmaceutical preparations. The maximum number of medicinal herbs were represented by family Asteraceae and Euphorbiaceae followed by family Solanaceae and Fabaceae. In the survey of medicinal herbs enumeration, botanical name, family, local name and information about the medicinal use of plant species by the local people and pharmaceutical industries have been provided so that possibility of their cultivation may be explored for sustained supply of the authentic drug material. There are seasonal changing beds and borders are trees with medicinal properties that provide shade to delicate plants. Spring brings exuberance and the full bloom of Barlerias, summer the flowering of the Hibiscus, the monsoon Ocimum and Costus and winter a profusion of Andrographis, Bacopa, Calendula, Aloe, and Tylophora. Cerulean butterfly, bird sightings are those of the hoopoe, the green bee eater, and doves. Dr. Shyam Govind Singh "Biodiversity of Medicinal Plants at River Bank of Yamuna, Agra, Uttar Pradesh" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-6 | Issue-6 , October 2022, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd51836.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/biological-science/botany/51836/biodiversity-of-medicinal-plants-at-river-bank-of-yamuna-agra-uttar-pradesh/dr-shyam-govind-singh
Sales Management and Distribution Process at Dadar flower market in MumbaiKartik Mehta
I find myself waking with the sun to catch the Dadar flower market at its busiest. Although it is open all day, the market’s peak hours are 4 a.m. to 9 a.m. — shortly after the night’s deliveries have been unloaded.
I have barely left Dadar station when the sidewalks begin to overflow with flowers — vendors already fashioning their purchases from the market into bouquets and garlands, leading me toward the source like breadcrumbs on a trail. My steps quicken as the scent of jasmine blossoms grows.
Just outside the covered portion of the 720-stall market, I meet Surin and Suresh, seated on overturned crates behind their wares. They are both from Mumbai and have worked in the flower business for nearly 20 years. “This is our ancestors’ business, so we are doing it too.”
They point out bright-green tulsi leaves to me, explaining that they are used for “medicine and puja,” or special Hindu ceremonies. It isn’t until I get home and look up tulsi that I learn it is also known as holy basil, which explained why the market was so redolent of it.
Hindu architecture ( Padmanabhaswamy Temple)Sarwar Azad
History of Dravida style temple architecture. introduction, sectional view, Gopuram of Padmanabhaswamy temple. The history, story and myths surrounding it and why it is the richest temple of the world.
Hello Friends,
I have made this PPT on the district 'Nagpur' in the state of Maharshtra. You can refer this information for making your projects at your school.
Good Luck!
CPIBO Soft Skills project on “Markets of Bombay”
Conducted and lead a primary research, performing, reporting on various markets in Bombay which involved interviewing Sellers and Buyers and provided stats on PowerPoint.
Bharat Bhavan is an autonomous multi-arts complex and museum in Bhopal, India, established and funded by the Government of Madhya Pradesh. The architect of Bhavan is Charles Correa.
Biodiversity of Medicinal Plants at River Bank of Yamuna, Agra, Uttar Pradeshijtsrd
In the present study many plants were found to have the medicinal values and are being used to cure various ailments by the local people. The pharmaceutical industries also use this medicinal wealth in several ayurvedic preparations. The survey revealed that herb species like Boervaavia Boerhavia diffusa, Cyperus rotundus, Pendalium Pedalium murex, Tribulus terrestris and Withania somnifera are being employed in more than 50 pharmaceutical preparations. The maximum number of medicinal herbs were represented by family Asteraceae and Euphorbiaceae followed by family Solanaceae and Fabaceae. In the survey of medicinal herbs enumeration, botanical name, family, local name and information about the medicinal use of plant species by the local people and pharmaceutical industries have been provided so that possibility of their cultivation may be explored for sustained supply of the authentic drug material. There are seasonal changing beds and borders are trees with medicinal properties that provide shade to delicate plants. Spring brings exuberance and the full bloom of Barlerias, summer the flowering of the Hibiscus, the monsoon Ocimum and Costus and winter a profusion of Andrographis, Bacopa, Calendula, Aloe, and Tylophora. Cerulean butterfly, bird sightings are those of the hoopoe, the green bee eater, and doves. Dr. Shyam Govind Singh "Biodiversity of Medicinal Plants at River Bank of Yamuna, Agra, Uttar Pradesh" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-6 | Issue-6 , October 2022, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd51836.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/biological-science/botany/51836/biodiversity-of-medicinal-plants-at-river-bank-of-yamuna-agra-uttar-pradesh/dr-shyam-govind-singh
Mangroves are the important salt tolerant vegetation having more ecological and economical significances. In comparison to that of eastern coastal part, the western coastal region of Peninsular India comprises less area of mangroves. Therefore, establishing new mangroves in suitable habitats in this region is more essential to maintain the ecological processes in coastal landscape. To select the suitable mangrove species for newer areas of Kerala coast, a preliminary study on ecology was carried out in two natural mangrove vegetation at Ayiramthengu and Mandrothruthu, Kollam district. The study revealed that out of 34 (Ayiramthengu) and 24 (Mandrothruthu) species present, a sizable number of eight and six species respectively were true mangroves and adapted more prominently in their respective site indicated by higher Importance Value Index (IVI) and Relative Value of Importance (RVI) obtained by them. Therefore, these species are suggested for new formations of mangrove vegetation in the coastal regions of Kerala.
On the systematics of genus Scylla De Haan,1833 of cochin backwaters, a South...Innspub Net
The present work is an attempt to describe the Scylla spp collected from Cochin backwaters, a South Indian estuary, for a period of two years from June 2010- to May 2012. Identification and description of Scylla spp. was carried out based on the conventional taxonomic tools viz., morphological characters including the description of the first and second male gonopods and the third maxillipeds; morphometry as well as the molecular methods viz., sequencing of CO1 gene and the amplification of ITS-1 region. The present study confirms the occurrence of two species of Scylla, from Cochin backwaters, namely Scylla serrata and Scylla olivacea. The study also rules out the existence of Scylla tranquebarica in Cochin backwaters. The smaller species being identified as S. Serrata is S. olivacea and the larger one being identified as S. tranquebarica is S. Serrata.
A Survey on the Pteridophyte Flora of the 18 Selected Sacred Groves in Chalav...IJEABJ
An exploratory survey conducted on Pteridophytic flora in the 18 selected sacred groves of Chalavara Grama panchayath, Ottapalamtaluk, Palakkad district, Kerala lead to the collection of 26 species of pteridophytes coming under 20 genera and 14 families. Among them, 02 families belongs to class Lycopsida, 01 family belongs to class Psilotopsida and remaining belongs to class Polypodiopsida. Out of 26 species 21 species are terrestrial, 3 species are epiphytes and 2 species are aquatic.
Alien Flora of Ballari District, Karnataka, Indiaijtsrd
The present study deals with comprehensive list of invasive alien species in the flora of Ballari district with background information on family, habit and nativity. Total 215 invasive alien species belonging to 168 genera under 68 families were documented. It was prepared based on history, species origin, species behavior and field observations. Literature and websites were consulted extensively for relevant publications. Almost 54 are native to Tropical America contribute maximum proportion to the invasive alien flora of Ballari district. Habit wise analysis shows herbaceous species share 119 56 species, followed by shrubs 35 16 , climbers 20 9 and trees 42 19 . Among 68 families, Asteraceae is the most dominant family with 27 species 25 followed by Ceasalpinaceae with 14 species 13 . There is an imperative need to listing regional data on exotic species in order to study the impact on local vegetation and survey the worldwide pattern of species invasion. K. Kotresh | M. Siddeshwari "Alien Flora of Ballari District, Karnataka, India" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-5 | Issue-1 , December 2020, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd35850.pdf Paper URL : https://www.ijtsrd.com/biological-science/botany/35850/alien-flora-of-ballari-district-karnataka-india/k-kotresh
Mazri (nannorrhops ritchiana (griff) aitch.) a remarkable source of manufact...Shujaul Mulk Khan
Background: Mazri palm (Nannorrhops ritchiana (Griff) Aitch.) is a member of the family Arecaceae, native to Pakistan, Iran, Afghanistan, Oman, and Saudi Arabia. In Pakistan, it is used since long time for various purposes. This species plays a significant cultural and economic role in the daily lives of many rural areas in Pakistan and adjacent countries. However, the handcrafted products made up of this palm are often mainly known by specific local communities rather than by a broader range of people.
Methods: Eighty-six structured and semi-structured interviews were conducted from Mazri growing areas, villages, and markets of urban centers during the fieldwork that was conducted in diverse regions of Pakistan. Interviewees
included 27 Mazri farmers, 17 locals retaining Traditional Knowledge in handcrafting Mazri palm (12 were men and 5 were women), 23 handicrafts experts (21 were men and 2 were women), and 19 sellers. The age of the informants ranged from 14 to 83 years. Study participants shared detailed information about various traditional utilizations of the Mazri palm.
Results: Mature leaves of Mazri palm are used to produce mats, baskets, hand fans, hats, cages, hot pots, salt pots, brooms, etc. in the sudy area. Hot pots, salt pots, mats, baskets, and ropes represent highly used items. The mats are used for various purposes like drying grains, performing prayers, sitting, and sleeping. As a whole, 39 different kinds of handcrafted products from the leaves were found. Our findings revealed also that other parts of the plant, ie. petioles, fruits, and bark, have been used, although more rarely, by the locals. The palm uses differ accordingly to the different cultural areas of Pakisitan, thus demonstrating that local cultural heritage significantly informs
Traditional Knowledge and practices related to the use of Mazri palm. The findings suggest also that this plant represents a crucial resource for the livelihood of the local communities in dry areas of the western borders of Pakistan, starting right from the coastal areas of Baluchistan up to District Bajaur in the North, where other farming activities there are difficult due to drought conditions.
Conclusions: Traditional Knowledge about the sustainable utilization of Mazri palm is eroded in Pakistan among the younger generations due to rapid globalization and industrialization processes and appropriate strategies for
revitalizing this heritage in a sustainable way should be urgently fostered.
The Medicinally important Convolvulacean members used by the Kattunaikkan Tri...researchplantsciences
A floristic and ethnobotanical studies on the kattunaikan tribe of Wayand district was carried out. The study documented the use of 11 plant species of the family Convolvulaceae by the Kattunaika tribe. The different parts like leaves, stem, fruits, flowers and sometimes the whole plant are used to cure various diseases.
Article Citation:
Joseph MA and Antony VT.
The Medicinally important Convolvulacean members used by the
Kattunaikkan Tribe of Wayand District.
Journal of Research in Plant Sciences (2012) 1(2): 093-097.
Full Text:
http:/www.plantsciences.co.in/documents/PS0025.pdf
The occurence of the least pipistrelle Bat, Pipistrellus tenuis (Temminck, 18...Open Access Research Paper
A recent survey identified a colony of Pipistrellus tenuis (n = 5) in Kanyakuchi Pahar village (26°00’32.8″N 90°53’29.0″E), a rural remote site situated at Goalpara district of Assam. This species, commonly known as the Least Pipistrelle, was previously reported by Hinton and Lindsay (1926), Sinha (1999), Ghosh (2008), Saikia et al. (2011) and Boro et al. (2018) from different parts of Assam. The Goalpara district of western Assam is encircled by the foothills of Meghalaya to the South and the Brahmaputra River to the North possesses a variety of flora and fauna due to the dense foliage of the high forest canopy. The climatic condition of the region along with its topography favours roosting of bat population. The distribution of the bat species P. tenuis in the surveyed area has not been previously recorded. For the purpose of taxonomic identification, morphometric parameters (external and cranio-dental measurements) were compared to standard literature by Bates and Harrison (1997). Captured bat specimens (n=3) were examined at the ZSI (Zoological Survey of India), NERC-Shillong, Meghalaya. The recorded mean body weight of captured specimens was 2.61g ± 0.160 (S.D) and the mean forearm length (FA) was 27.39mm ± 0.165 (S.D). This manuscript validates sightings of this bat species at the study location, compares its morphometric and cranio-dental traits to standard literature (Bates and Harrison, 1997) for identification, discusses its distribution as well as its ecological importance.
I am uploading it although it's such an inferior work. It was not even presented. It was discarded. I took ENV 101 in the summer of 2016.
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Razin Sazzad Molla
13107010@iubat.edu
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Exploration and inventorying of weeds in wheat CROP OF THE DISTRIC T MALAKAN...Shujaul Mulk Khan
District Malakand lies on the northern side of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa province of Pakistan. The landscape represents both plain and hilly regions. Various kinds of crops are grown among which wheat is cultivated on large scale. In order to explore weed species diversity in the region, a phytosociological survey was conducted in the summer 2014. Such study was required as there has been no such record of weeds diversity of the region. Different fields were selected at various localities of the district. The total number of fields selected was 120 and in each field 10, 1x1m 2 quadrats were laid. A questionnaire was also circulated to investigate about the farming practices and most dangerous species of weeds having greater effect on production and post harvest losses of wheat. Plants were collected from various localities, voucher numbers were given to specimens and other relevant data pertaining to locality i.e., habitat, habit, family, scientific and local names of each species. Mounted copy of each voucher specimen was deposited to the Herbarium of Hazara University Mansehra. This study not only provided first inventory of weed plants but it also helped point out most dangerous species related to wheat yield losses. Results of this study revealed a total of 132 weeds plant species belonging to 110 genera and 42 families. Most of the species investigated were Angiosperms. Family Asteraceae was the richest family related to species diversity with 18 species and 17 genera. It is followed by Poaceae having 16 species and 16 genera. Next in succession are family Brasicaceae with 10 genera and 16 species and family Boraginaceae with 5 genera and 7 species. Other families like Caryophyllaceae, Papilionaceae, Fabaceae, Polygonaceae, Scrophulariaceae and Umbilliferae have 6,6,4,5,4 and 3 species and 6,3,4,3,3 and 3 genera respectively. Species like Silybum marianum (Asteraceae), Emex spinosa (Polygonaceae) and Circium arvense (Asteraceae) are considered to be the most threatening species during the time of harvesting the crop. Further study along this line is the basic part of the on-going project which will provide a base line for the development of agricultural crops in the region.
Aquatic weeds diversity of Bangladesh Agricultural University Campus, Mymensi...AbdullaAlAsif1
A study was conducted to find out the biodiversity of aquatic weeds of Bangladesh Agricultural University Campus Mymensingh from January to May, 2016. A total of 39 weed species were identified from the area. Among four common groups of weeds, five species of floating weeds: Eichhornia crassipes, Pistia stratiotes, Azolla pinnata, Lemna minor, Spirodela polyrrhiza, 22 species of emergent weeds: Alternanthera philoxerodies, Ipomea aquatica, Polygonum glabrum, Sagittaria spp., Oxalis corniculata, Marsilea quadrifolia, Commerlina bengalensis, Commelina appendiculata, Ipomea carnea, Nymphaea rubra, Nymphaea nauchali, Leersia hexandra, Scirpus mucronatus, Ludwigia adscendens, Enhydra fluctuans, Trapa natans, Colocasia esculenta, Hygrorayza aristata, Ipomoea spp., Nymphoides aquatica, Typha latifolia, Aponogeton spp., five species of submerged weeds: Hydrilla verticilata, Cartophyllum demersum, Vallisneria spiralis, Najas minor, Vallisnaria spp. and seven species of algae: Microcystis spp., Chara spp., Anabaena spp., Nitella spp., Spirogyra spp., Chlorella spp., Euglena spp. were identified. Various useful and harmful aspects of these weeds were also discussed.
Population dynamics of ground dwelling spider genera among mustard cropInnspub Net
The present study was designed to record the distribution of ground dwelling spider genera among mustard crop at Okara district. Sampling was made from Brassica compestris crop through pitfall traps. Equal number of traps were placed in three rows e.g. along the boundary, middle of the field and centre of the field. Each trap was filled with mixture solution of alcohol and glycerin (70:30%) along with few drops of kerosene oil. After 5 days interval sample traps was collected and spider specimens were washed with distilled water and permanently stored in labeled glass vials, and brought into the Pest Control Laboratory, Department of Zoology, Wildlife and Fisheries, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad. Thereafter, each spider specimen was identified according to the taxonomic material and internet source. Identified data was analyzed statistically to quantify their spatial distribution. Maximum spatial distribution of spider population was documented in middle transect than boundary and centre of the mustard crop. It was also observed that temperature, humidity and prey availability were the major factors that effecting the spider population. Population variations were recorded during the months of February, March and April in 2015, due to rise of temperature, decrease of humidity and availability of prey. Conclusively, spiders have some correlation with suitable local conditions or habitat. More over, spiders are cost effective, functionally significant and play important role in regulating decomposer population. Get the full articles at: http://www.innspub.net/jbes/population-dynamics-of-ground-dwelling-spider-genera-among-mustard-crop/
Floristic Investigation and Soil Analysis of Thirtharampura Reserve Forest, C...YogeshIJTSRD
The present study is on floristic investigation and soil analysis of Thirtharampura reserve forest, Tumkur district, Karnataka, India. It is the dry deciduous type of forest contains a rich diversity of angiosperms, here we found a total of 126 taxa of 99 genera under the 41 families from this forest. Fabaceae 15 genera and 24 species was the dominant family followed by the Rubiaceae 8 genera, 9 species , Asteraceae 7 genera, 7 species , Rutaceae 5 genera, 5 species , Malvaceae 4 genera, 5 species and Moraceae 2 genera, 6 species with the medicinal, timber yielding, ornamental and wild edible plant species. The forest is majorly covered by tree species with 60 come after shrubs 21 , herbs 10 , and climbers 9 . Some important medicinal plant species like Erythroxylummonogynum, Hemidesmus indicus, Rhinacanthusnasutus, Azadirachta indica, croton bonplandianus, Diosporusmontana, Echinopsechinatus, Emblica Officinalis, were often these medicinal plants used for the treatment of pain, wounds, cuts, and fractures, etc. by the native peoples. The forest soil contains low content of nitrogen along with sulphur and copper but it has high content of Iron and Manganese nutrients. The forest was disturbed by firing, mining activities, and human activities. Only the tree species were withstanding against the firing activity, herbaceous species were lost along with new sprouting species due to firing activity in the forest. The Fabaceae species were more survive in this forest, because of nitrogen fixing capacity in their root system. Yatheesharadhya B | Meena H. R | Sushma G. C | Poornima M. C | Shashank A. S "Floristic Investigation and Soil Analysis of Thirtharampura Reserve Forest, Chikkanayakanahalli, Karnataka, India" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-5 | Issue-4 , June 2021, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.compapers/ijtsrd41221.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.combiological-science/botany/41221/floristic-investigation-and-soil-analysis-of-thirtharampura-reserve-forest-chikkanayakanahalli-karnataka-india/yatheesharadhya-b
A field study was carried out to decipher the root cause of conflict between Indian Sloth Bear (Melursus ursinus) and men at Kadekolla cluster villages in Ballari district of Karnataka state. It was observed that there were no reports of man-bear conflict in this region till 1990 AD, however drastically increased in the last 15 years. Data was collected through interviews with the 46 of 47 victims living in six villages who survived serious injuries during 2000 to 2015. It was found that the local farmers of surrounding villages on the other side of bear habitat adopted modern horticultural practices to grow orchard plants. Attracted by the new delicious crop the bears began passing through the study area to reach the orchards about 4-7 KMs away from their dens. While returning from orchards in the morning hours, bears encounter people going to their farmlands, thus conflict occurs. 66 % of the bear attacks occurred in farmlands. 58 % of the victims of attack were in the age group of 31-50 years. Most of the attacks happened between 6 A.M and 4 P.M. 47 % of attacks were made by solitary bears and 40% of attacks by mother bear and cubs. 41 % of the victims received serious head injuries. 2 % of the victims succumb to the fatal injuries. 82% of the attacks occurred within 1 kilometer distance from the villages. 51 % of the victims felt that the change of crop pattern was the root cause of man-animal conflict in this area. It is also realized that the excessive human activities, deforestation and non-availability of water were the causes for the conflict. It is recommended to consolidate fragmented bear habitat, in order to support natural regeneration of flora in the forest, taking up soil and moisture conservation (S.M.C) activities in the bear habitat in order to reduce and avoid the above said conflict.
Similar to Plants used for basketry in kasaragod district, kerala (20)
Effect of some pre sowing treatments on Sapindus laurifolius seed germinationresearchplantsciences
Present paper deals with the effect of some pre-sowing treatments on the seed germination of Sapindus laurifolius Vahl. (Sapindaceae). The physical and chemical scarification treatments were given to S. laurifolius seeds in order to test, identify, and recommend suitable pre-sowing treatments. In-depth analysis of data obtained in the present work has proved that, sulphuric acid promotes seed germination in S. laurifolius comparatively within shorter time without affecting growth performance of saplings obtained.
Article Citation:
Vishal R. Kamble, Bazegah K. Sayed and Shrinath P. Kavade.
Effect of some pre-sowing treatments on Sapindus laurifolius seed germination
Journal of Research in Plant Sciences (2013) 2(2): 205-212.
Full Text:
http://plantsciences.co.in/documents/PS0056.pdf
Preliminary phytochemical studies and evaluation of Antipyretic property of t...researchplantsciences
Purpose-The root of Ritchiea longipedicellata was claimed to have anti pyretic, analgesic and antimicrobial properties. The people of Idemili area in Anambra State of Nigeria use the decoction of it to treat wounds, running stomach, aches and pains as well as fever. It is to this backdrop that this investigation was carried out to ascertain the veracity of the claim.
Methodology-The root of Ritchiea longipedicellata was collected and dried at ambient temperature. It was pulverized into powder. 500 gm of the powdered drug was placed into a two litre beaker containing one litre of methanol. It was allowed to stand with occasional shaking for 48 h. The content was filtered and the filtrate was concentrated using rotary evaporator. The extract contains the following secondary metabolites-alkaloids, flavonoids, terpenoids, saponins and glycosides. The antipyretic activity was investigated using brewer’s yeast to induce pyrexia.
Result -The root of Ritchiea longipedicellata exhibited significant (p<0.05) antipyretic effect at 600 mg/kg from 1 h to 4 h and at 3 h to 4 h at 300 mg/kg compared with the control.
Conclusion-The claim of Idemili people of Anambra State Nigeria on the use of Ritchiea longipedicellata appears to be obvious in line with the results of the investigation.
Article Citation:
Chinedu Fred Anowi, Ezugwu CO, Ilodigwe EE, Ajaghaku DL.
Preliminary Phytochemical Studies and Evaluation of Antipyretic Property of the Methanol Extract of the Rootbark of Ritchiea longipedicellata Gilg (capparidaceae)
Journal of Research in Plant Sciences (2013) 2(2): 192-195.
Full Text:
http://plantsciences.co.in/documents/PS0048.pdf
A detail karyomorphological study was undertaken in Allium wallichii Kunth. and Allium hookeri Thw. The study included determination of somatic chromosome number, total chromosome length, volume, arm ratio and centromeric position. The karyotypic study of Allium wallichii Kunth. and Allium hookeri Thw. showed that, both of them have somatic chromosome number 2n=16 and 2n=22 respectively. Chromosome classification was done on the basis of the position of the centromere. In case of A. wallichii, the total chromosome length was found to be 150.94 μm while the relative chromosome length varied in between 4.22 μm - 8.19 μm. The arm ratio was varied from 1.00 - 3.06 .In A. wallichii, out of 16 somatic chromosomes, 9 were of metacentric, 6 were of sub-metacentric and 1 was of sub-telocentric type. For A.hookeri, the total chromosome length was found to be 164.05 μm and the relative chromosome length was varied in between 2.59 μm- 6.95 μm; arm ratio also varied from 1.00 - 4.36. Out of 22 somatic chromosomes, 2 chromosomes were of metacentric, 13 were of sub-metacentric and 7 were of sub-telocentric type. No satellite chromosomes were found in any one of the two species. The karyotype formulae deduced for the two species of Allium may be represented as: A. wallichii Kunth.: m9 +sm6 +st1 +t0 = 2n = 16 and A. hookeri Thw.: m2 +sm13 +st7 +t0 = 2n = 22.
Article Citation:
Harinita Toijam, Borah SP, Bhaben Tanti and Borthakur SK.
Karyomorphological studies in two species of Allium L.
Journal of Research in Plant Sciences (2013) 2(2): 213-221.
Full Text:
http://plantsciences.co.in/documents/PS0060.pdf
Comparison of some physiological parameters in leaves and stems of wild and c...researchplantsciences
The purpose of this study was to determine total pigment contents (chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b, and carotenoids), phenolic compounds and carbohydrate contents in leaves and stem of wild and cultivated almonds growing in the Adıyaman Province. Levels of chlorophyll a in leaves and stems of wild almond were found to be higher than cultivated almond. Chlorophyll b was determined to be at approximate levels for both almonds. While carotenoid levels in leaves of wild almond were higher than cultivated one, it was higher in stems of cultivated almond as well. Total phenolics in leaves and stems of wild almond were higher compared to cultivated almond. Total carbohydrate contents were higher in leaves and stems of cultivated almond in comparison with the wild almond.
Article Citation:
Aysel Sivaci
Comparison of some physiological parameters in leaves and stems of wild and cultivated almonds growing in Adiyaman Province/Turkey
Journal of Research in Plant Sciences (2013) 2(2): 222-226.
Full Text:
http://plantsciences.co.in/documents/PS0063.pdf
Bioadsorption is a form of environmental clean-up which involves the use of plant biomass. In the present study, the seedling of Guar [Cyamopsis tetragonoloba (L.) Taub.] were treated with various concentrations of match and plate making industrial effluents (20, 40, 60, 80 and 100%). Both the effluents cause stress to the plant. The effluents caused a drastic reduction in morphometric, pigment and other biochemical characters. But same effluents after seaweed treatment have bought about considerable increase in morphometric and biochemical characteristics of Cyamopsis tetragonoloba (L.) Taub. Seaweed dry powder used in this study is found to be nullifying the toxicity of the effluents. From this investigation, it is clear that the naturally occurring green macro algae possess an excellent adsorption capacity.
Article Citation:
Selvaraj K, Sevugaperumal R and Ramasubramanian V.
Bioadsorbent: To clean industrial effluents by seaweeds.
Journal of Research in Plant Sciences (2013) 2(1): 167-176.
Full Text:
http://www.plantsciences.co.in/documents/PS0045.pdf
The vascular organization of the node in 12 genera has been investigated. The leaves are unifoliate in Atalantia, Citrus and Paramignya, 3-5 foliate in Aegle, Luvunga, Toddalia and Glycosmis, decompounds in Ruta and imparipinnately compound in other taxa. These are alternate or opposite and exstipulate. The foliar nodes are trilacunar, three-trace in the majority of the plants. It is unilacunar in Atalantia racemosa, Citrus jambhiri, C. maxima and Glycosmis pentaphylla. The results are discussed with respect to the evolutionary conception of node.
Article Citation:
Snehal P. Salunke, Sarala C. Tadavi and Vijay V. Bhadane
Nodal anatomical study of certain members of the Rutaceae.
Journal of Research in Plant Sciences (2013) 2(1): 177-181.
Full Text:
http://www.plantsciences.co.in/documents/PS0053.pdf
The identity and occurrence of primula reidii duthie var. reidii from Shivali...researchplantsciences
Primula reidii var reidii is reported and identified its presence from Shivalik Hill Ranges of Himachal Pradesh. Earlier records pertaining to occurrence & distribution of the species, detailed description and other ecological parameters including its photograph, have been discussed and detailed.
Article Citation:
Subramani SP and Kapoor KS.
The identity and occurrence of Primula reidii Duthie var. reidii
from Shivalik hill ranges, Himachal Pradesh, India.
Journal of Research in Plant Sciences (2012) 1(2): 104-108.
Full Text:
http:/www.plantsciences.co.in/documents/PS0022.pdf
Phytochemical investigation of tropical medicinal plants - Stereospermum cola...researchplantsciences
Phytochemicals are a wide variety of compounds produced by plants manipulated widely in the pharmacognostic drug development and treatment of the major ailments. The present study focuses on screening and comparative analysis of secondary metabolites, fluorescence and physiochemical analysis of two major medicinal plants; Stereospermum colais L. and Barringtonia acutangula L. Leaf samples from these medicinal plants were subjected to sequential cold percolation method using Hexane, Ethyl acetate, Chloroform and Methanol. Bioactive compounds like Cardioglycosides, Flavonoid, Quinones, Terpenoids, Alkaloids and Steroids are present in high concentration in Stereospermum colais L. and Barringtonia acutangula L. Extractive value was high in Methanol extract when compared to other solvent extracts.
Article Citation:
Florida M and Sekar T.
Phytochemical investigation of tropical medicinal plants - Stereospermum colais L. and Barringtonia acutangula L.
Journal of Research in Plant Sciences (2012) 1(2): 109-115.
Full Text:
http://plantsciences.co.in/documents/PS0033.pdf
Intraspecific variation in Solanum xanthocarpum schard. and wendl.revealed by...researchplantsciences
Inter-simple sequence repeat (ISSR) analysis was performed in seven accessions of Solanum xanthocarpum Schard. and Wendl. of Assam to evaluate the applicability of this analysis for assessing the intraspecific variation. The value of similarity indices ranged from 0.375 to 0.125. The similarity result indicates the presence of high level of genetic diversity among the accessions of Solanum xanthocarpum Schard. and Wendl. UPGMA cluster analysis revealed clear grouping among the populations. The primers showed abilities in detecting genetic diversity across wild accessions of Solanum xanthocarpum Schard. and Wendl. Thus, ISSR-PCR technology can be used to study genetic variation and genetic relationships in the genus Solanum xanthocarpum Schard. and Wendl.
Article Citation:
Ajoy Kumar Das, Sailendra Prasad Borah.
Intraspecific variation in Solanum xanthocarpum Schard. and Wendl. revealed by ISSR marker.
Journal of Research in Plant Sciences (2012) 1(2): 146-152.
Full Text:
http://www.plantsciences.co.in/documents/PS0035.pdf
Camellia sinensis is the economically most important Camellia species. The genus Camellia belongs to the family Theaceae. This genus accommodates as many 82 species (Sealy, 1958) and over 200 species (Zhijian et al., 1988). The tea plant was originally included in the genus Thea by Linnaeus (1752) hence, Thea sinensis L., the original name of the tea plant has now become camellia sinensis (L) O. Kuntze. As the age of tea bushes from pruning advances, size and weight of harvestable shoots decline due to the reduction in the vascular supply to growing buds. An extreme case of growth retardation is evident in the higher proportion of banji shoots at the plucking table. Also, the upper and knots where many new stems have originated, despite the maintenance of foliage and losses efficiency, lower leaves drop off, leading to uneconomic harvesting (Wilson, 1999). Under continued plucking without pruning or skiffing, the plucking table becomes inconveniently high and growing apices gradually lose vigour. Pruning at this stage becomes necessary by which these irregularities could be remedied. It is an important practice in tea cultivation which involves removal of certain amount of growth of the bush.
From the view of the observed interaction between clones, seedling cultivars pruning height and tipping measures, it is evident that a required specific pruning height and tipping measure is necessary for maximum crop production. However, in South India below 30cm, 45cm, 55cm, 60cm, 65cm and above 65cm pruning heights can be advantageously adopted for the sinensis and assamica cultivars, respectively under four to five years pruning cycles. Analysing the yield at different heights of pruning, suggests that at 55cm it is hard pruning, at 60cm it is medium pruning and at 65cm it is light pruning. Integrated harvesting methods were followed by the trails. Light pruning trail yield is low and banji percentage is high, hard pruning trail yield as well as banji percentage is low, in medium pruning trail banji percentage is low and yield is high.
Article Citation:
Balamurugan T and Nandagopalan V.
Formation, growth and productivity of the tea bush.
Journal of Research in Plant Sciences (2012) 1(2): 116-123.
Full Text:
http://plantsciences.co.in/documents/PS0034.pdf
Effect of Sucrose and Benzyl Adenine in the promotion of cut flower vase life...researchplantsciences
Red ginger (Alpinia purpurata Vieill.) is an ornamental perennial herb reaching 2 to 5 m in height and each tiller ending in a showy inflorescence. The main attraction is the brightly coloured red bracts of the inflorescence which has a long vase life. The present experiment was carried out to exploit the long vase life property of these plants to the maximum and thereby add their value in cut flower industry. The effect of various combinations of Sucrose + BA + 8-HQS was studied and appropriate concentrations were standardized.
Article Citation:
Thomas VP, Prabhu Kumar KM, Sabu M, Prasanth AV and Mohanan KV.
Effect of Sucrose and Benzyl Adenine in the promotion of cut flower vase life in
Alpinia purpurata Vieill., a charming ornamental ginger.
Journal of Research in Plant Sciences (2012) 1(2): 089-092.
Full Text:
http://plantsciences.co.in/documents/PS0030.pdf
Effects of stimulated Ultraviolet Radiation on the growth of Maize Seedlingsresearchplantsciences
The effects of ultraviolet-A and ultraviolet-B radiation on the growth of maize seedlings have been studied under controlled conditions. Maize (Zea mays) seeds were planted and exposed to ultraviolet-A and ultraviolet-B radiation for 0-10 hours. The results showed a decrease in the concentration of chlorophyll a and b for both ultraviolet A and B as time of exposure increases. There is also a decrease in the height, diameter of stem, and number of leaves in the seedlings exposed to UV-A and UV-B with the increase in the time of exposure. The decrease in chlorophyll a and b concentrations was more pronounced in plants exposed to UV-B. The study indicates that UV radiation pose a serious threat to plants and this might lead to significant loss of production or reduced quality of products in agricultural sectors.
Article Citation:
Marius Hedimbi, Natalia Naikaku and Shyam Singh.
Effects of stimulated Ultraviolet Radiation on the growth of Maize Seedlings.
Journal of Research in Plant Sciences (2012) 1(2): 098-103.
Full Text:
http://plantsciences.co.in/documents/PS0020.pdf
Copper is an essential metal for normal plant growth and development, although it is also potentially toxic. Copper participates in numerous physiological processes and is an essential cofactor for many metalloproteins, however, problems arise when excess copper is present in cells. Excess copper inhibits plant growth and impairs important cellular processes (i.e., photosynthetic electron transport).The mechanisms involved in the acquisition of this essential micronutrient have not been clearly defined although a number of genes have recently been identified which encode potential copper transporters. The present investigation is an attempt to understand of the copper toxicity and tolerance in rice cultivars, and to compare the ten rice cultivars of Karimganj district of Assam. Copper caused growth reduction in rice and among the screened cultivars Amu Sali seems to be a copper sensitive cultivar.
Article Citation:
Upadhyaya H, Bhattacharjee MK, Deboshree Roy, Soumitra Shome.
Toxic effect of copper on ten rice cultivars.
Journal of Research in Plant Sciences (2011) 1(1): 038-044.
Full Text:
http://www.plantsciences.co.in/documents/PS0011.pdf
Phytochemical studies on selected medicinal plant Gymnema sylvestre.researchplantsciences
Gymnema sylvestre R. (Br).(Asclepiadaceae) is a common medicinal plant available in Tamil Nadu is a woody, climbing plant that grows in the tropical forest of central and Southern India. It also happens to be a first-rate warrior against diabetes. The plant is called Gud-mar (Gud-Jaggery, mar-kills) in India and well known for masking sweet taste. It is reported to be effective against many chronic diseases is screened for its phytochemical content, microbial activity and anti-inflammatory activity. Extracts (Alcoholic, aqueous, acetone and hexane) from the plant is prepared and analyzed. Qualitative phytochemical tests are done to detect the presence of Carbohydrate, Alkaloid, Tannins, Phenols, Saponins, Fixed oils, Gums and Mucilage. Quantitative methods like phytochemical analysis, gravimetric estimation, RBC membrane stabilization and TLC profiles are used to determine the active principle Gymnemic acid, anti-inflammatory activity and antimicrobial activity. The results showed that the leaf extracts studied contain the bio active compounds phenols, alkaloids, tannins, saponins and Gymnemic acid. Water extract of normal var. had positive reaction for carbohydrate (Molisch reagent) hairy var. leaves had negative reaction. The presence of active phytochemical substances with antimicrobial and anti-inflammatory activities may provide substantial basis for the use of this plant in ethno medicine.
Article Citation:
Gnana Sangeetha D and Jegadeesan M.
Phytochemical studies on selected medicinal plant Gymnema sylvestre.
Journal of Research in Plant Sciences (2012) 1(1): 077-082.
Full Text:
http://plantsciences.co.in/documents/PS0027.pdf
The study has been designed with the objective to examine the methanol extracts of eight medicinal plants belonging to the family Lamiaceae. Fresh matured leaves were collected; shade dried and aqueous-extracted to screen the active chemical constituents. Qualitative phytochemical analysis of these plants confirm the presence of various phytochemicals like alkaloids, flavonoids, tannins, terpenoids, saponins, steroids and phenolic compounds in their aqueous leaf extracts. Quantitative analysis was carried out using TLC scanning method, a combination of Petroleum ether, Methanol and Benzene in the ratio of 8:1:1.5 respectively was employed as the mobile phase. The TLC chromatograms constituted different coloured phytochemical compounds with different Rf values. It can be conveniently used to evaluate the quality of different area samples. Present paper deals with the significance of these phytochemicals with respect to the role of these plants in traditional medicinal system.
Article Citation:
John De Britto A, Steena Roshan Sebastian and Mary Sujin R.
Phytochemical analysis of eight medicinal plants of Lamiaceae.
Journal of Research in Plant Sciences (2011) 1(1): 001-006.
Full Text:
http://plantsciences.co.in/documents/PS0001.pdf
Maruthamalai hills of Western Ghats, Coimbatore District, Tamil Nadu - A pote...researchplantsciences
The dry deciduous forests of Maruthamalai, part of Western Ghats, Coimbatore district, Tamilnadu hold rich number of 201 species belonging to 153 genera of 51 families. The families Poaceae, Fabaceae, Mimosaceae and Euphorbiaceae have contributed high number of species 19, 18, 13, 12 respectively to the community. In the floristic list, a high number of 165 species (82.5%) is recognized as economically important also. Based on the importance value index secured, it is determined that the species like Acacia tora, Albizzia amara, A. lebbeck, Azadirachta indica, Chromolaena odorata, Commiphora caudata, Erythroxylon monogynum, Euphorbia antiquorum, Fluggea leucopyrus, Pterolobium indicum and Zizyphus oenoplia are considered to be ecologically important and established well in the low hills of Maruthamalai (450m above m.s.l.). In higher altitudes at 750m above msl, the species like Albizzia amara, Azadirachta indica, Chloroxylon swietenia, Commiphora caudata, Erythroxylon monogynum, Fluggea leucopyrus and Holoptelea integrifolia have secured higher importance value index and established well in the habitats. At 950m above m.s.l., the vegetation has been occupied predominantly by the species like Acacia torta, Albizzia amara, Commiphora caudata, Erythroxylon monogynum, Fluggea leucopyrus and Syzigium cumini as they derived higher importance value index. Among the 165 medicinal plants, 37 species (22%) where present in all the three plots located at different altitudes. Despite the variation in species composition and ecological importance at all levels of altitudes throughout the Maruthamalai hills, the habitat conditions are favourable for the growth of plants of higher secondary metabolites of medicinal importance. Hence wastelands available in Maruthamalai hills may be suggested for the cultivation of native medicinal and other economically important plants.
Article Citation:
Paulsamy S.
Maruthamalai hills of Western Ghats, Coimbatore District, Tamil Nadu –
A potential ecosystem for medicinal plants.
Journal of Research in Plant Sciences (2011) 1(1): 012-026.
Full Text:
http://plantsciences.co.in/documents/PS0005.pdf
Ipomoea capitellata var. multilobata (Convolvulaceae) – A new variety from Ja...researchplantsciences
Ipomoea capitellata choisy var. multilobata Bhellum var. nov. collected from Jammu and Kashmir, India is described and illustrated.
Article Citation:
Bhellum BL.
Ipomoea capitellata var. multilobata (Convolvulaceae) – A new variety from Jammu and Kashmir State, India.
Journal of Research in Plant Sciences (2012) 1(1): 060-062.
Full Text:
http://plantsciences.co.in/documents/PS0017.pdf
Influence of provenance in seed and emergence characteristics of a gigantic l...researchplantsciences
A provenance trial of Entada pursaetha containing five provenances from Eastern ghats were used for this study. Individual seed characteristics varied among provenances and highest was recorded in Talakona and lowest in Kolli hills. Cent percent emergence was recorded with high seedling vigour in the seeds of Talakona. Inter-correlation studies revealed a strong positive correlation between emergence and seed length, maximum seed width, and seed weight, while minimum seed width showed weak correlation. Araku valley and Kolli hills exhibited close proximity, while the genetic distance between Talakona and Rollapenta was the highest. There was no influence of environment on the seed characters.Maximum and minimum seed width exhibited higher values of heritability.
Article Citation:
Sai Vishnu Priya K, Srinivasa Rao JV
Influence of provenance in seed and emergence characteristics of a gigantic liana- Entada pursaetha DC.
Journal of Research in Plant Sciences (2011) 1(1): 032-037.
Full Text:
http://plantsciences.co.in/documents/PS0006.pdf
In vitro organogenesis protocol for Rauvolfia serpentina - an endangered medi...researchplantsciences
Rauvolfia serpentina commonly known as sarpagandha is a pharmacologically important medicinal plant containing numerous alkaloids with antibacterial, antidysentric and antidotal properties. The present study reports an efficient in vitro regeneration protocol by using nodal explants for this species. The sterilization technique was first standardized using ethyl alcohol, mercuric chloride and sodium hypochlorite with hot water and without hot water treatment. 100% aseptic culture was obtained when the explants were treated with hot water (at 500 C for 10 minutes) and 0.1% mercuric chloride. The aseptic cultures were inoculated in to culture medium with different concentrations of growth regulators. Higher explants response (78.33%) and higher multiple shoot formation from Rauvolfia serpentina nodal explants was observed in the medium supplemented with BAP (1mg/l) + KIN (1mg/l) + GA3 (0.5mg/l).
Article Citation:
Singh K and Dash M.
In vitro organogenesis protocol for Rauvolfia serpentina - an endangered medicinal plant.
Journal of Research in Plant Sciences (2012) 1(1): 083-088.
Full Text:
http://plantsciences.co.in/documents/PS0028.pdf
In vitro organogenesis protocol for Rauvolfia serpentina - an endangered medi...
Plants used for basketry in kasaragod district, kerala
1. Plants used for basketry in Kasaragod District, Kerala
Keywords:
Koraga, Basketry, Plants, Threats, Conservation.
ABSTRACT:
Basketry is the traditional occupation of Koragas, one of the most primitive
tribes, living along the Kerala-Karnataka border. They make use of a number of plants
to weave baskets of different name, size and shape. At present both baskets and their
creators are facing the threat of extinction owing to changing socio-economic trends.
The paper lists out 29 species of plants used by the Koraga for weaving baskets, which
may pave the way for conservation of both plants and the traditional craft.
153-159 | JRPS | 2012 | Vol 1 | No 2
This article is governed by the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/
licenses/by/2.0), which gives permission for unrestricted use, non-commercial, distribution and
reproduction in all medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
www.plantsciences.info
Journal of Research in
Plant Sciences
An International Scientific
Research Journal
Authors:
Subrahmanya Prasad K
and Raveendran K.
Institution:
Department of Post
Graduate Studies and
Research in Botany, Sir Syed
College, Taliparamba,
Kannur - 670 142, Kerala,
India.
Corresponding author:
Subrahmanya Prasad K.
Email:
prasadks.1090@rediffmail.com
Web Address:
http://www.plantsciences.info
documents/PS0038.pdf.
Dates:
Received: 06 Oct 2012 Accepted: 03 Dec 2012 Published: 31 Dec 2012
Article Citation:
Subrahmanya Prasad K and Raveendran K.
Plants used for basketry in Kasaragod District, Kerala.
Journal of Research in Plant Sciences (2012) 1(2): 153-159
Original Research
Journal of Research in Plant Sciences
JournalofResearchinPlantSciences An International Scientific Research Journal
2. INTRODUCTION
Kerala is the home land of 36 communities
listed in the scheduled tribes list. Out of 75 primitive
tribal groups (PTGs) categorized by Government
of India, in Kerala, there are five PTGs namely Koraga,
Cholanaikkan, Kurumbar, Kadar and Kattunayakan
(Kakkoth, 2005). The Koraga populations live in
43 settlements amidst rural population of Kasaragod
District while their major stalk lives in the adjoining
Karnataka State. Their population according to
1961, 1971, 1981, 1991 census (Anonymous, 1991)
socio-economic survey of 1996-97 (Anonymous, 2002)
and KIRTADS action plan survey (Anonymous, 1999)
was 548, 724, 1098, 1651, 1349 and 1330 respectively.
In earlier days they were treated as “untouchables” even
by scheduled castes (Vasudevan, 1998) and are so
backward that no other tribe was in a more primitive
stage than the Koraga (Aiyappan, 1948). They speak a
script less language close to Tulu and Kannada. The
economy of the Koraga is based on basketry, they are
experts in basketry and almost 70% members of the
community still subsist on basketry (Kakkoth, 2005),
while the rest resorted to agriculture labour, laterite stone
cutting, beedi rolling and wage labour. Majority of the
Koraga are skilful in the manufacture of cradles, baskets,
cylinders to hold paddy, winnowing and sowing baskets,
scale-pans, boxes, rice water strainers, ring stands for
supporting pots, coir rope and brushes for washing cattle
(Mohanty, 2004).
Basket weaving is an art or craft which needs
much expertise. Baskets are of different kinds, known by
several names with respect to their shape, size and use,
viz. Thadpe-a flat basket used to clean paddy seeds
(winnowing baskets), Gobbaratha Kantya-large basket
used to transfer manure, Manna Kantya-medium
sized basket for collection and transfer of soil,
Galakuruve-to collect arecanut, Kaikkuruve-small
basket, Kalasige-basket used to measure amount of
grains and many more. These baskets were made up of
thin slices of different plant parts which are woven in an
artistic manner into desired shape and size, held tightly
by means of cordage of plant origin. At present due to
rapid urbanization and industrialization, the tradition of
basketry is being wiped out and may not survive the
process of modernization. The present paper aims to
document and thus to conserve this less known
community’s traditional knowledge and their dependence
on natural resources, which may pave the way for
protection of both the Koraga and their craft.
METHODOLOGY
A total of 23 field trips were carried out to the
different Koraga settlements spread along
Kerala- Karnataka border. During these visits 27 Koraga
people were interviewed, of which 8 were experts,
consisting of 6 men and 2 women, all are above sixty
except one. For interview data sheets and questionnaires
were used. Data regarding the different plants used for
basketry, their properties, uses and other information
were collected. The data collected was confirmed from
other sources and compared with the existing literature
(Shetty et al., 2002; Shanmugam et al., 2012). The
collected voucher specimens were made into herbarium
sheets and deposited at the SSC herbaria for future use.
These were identified with the help of regional floras
(Hooker, 1872 - 1897; Gamble and Fischer, 1915 - 1936;
Manilal and Sivarajan, 1982; Mathew, 1983;
Ramachandran and Nair, 1988; Bhat, 2003; Anil Kumar
et al., 2005).
RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
Every day, the Koraga people collect the suitable
plant material from the forest in quantities needed for the
preparation of two or three baskets. These are brought to
the weaving place. At first, the plant materials were split
into two from the centre, then into thin slices of even
thickness using sharp knives (Figures 1 and 2). The
spines, outer bark, warts are removed during slicing.
Prasad and Raveendran, 2012
154 Journal of Research in Plant Sciences (2012) 1(2): 153-159
4. Relatively broader slices, with a length of about 1.5 m
are used to weave the bottom (Figures 3-5). Other longer
slices (3-4 m long) are woven circularly in such a way
that these are interior to one slice while exterior to the
next (Figures 6-8). This process is continued until the
desired shape and size is achieved (Figures 9-12).
The suitable plant materials are the climbers
or scandent shrubs due to their flexibility. Majority of
the plant materials are used after splitting and
removal of outer skin. Narrow climbing stems
of Loeseneriella arnottiana (Wight) A. C. Sm and
Uvaria narum (Dunal) Well. ex Wight. are used as such.
Baskets prepared from Calycopteris floribunda (Roxb.)
Lam. are of great demand due to their quality
and durability. Agave americana L. leaf and
Caryota urens L. leaf sheath are soaked in water for a
month, taken out and crushed to separate the fibre.
Baskets made up of Calycopteris floribunda (Roxb.)
Lam. and Acacia spp. are soaked in water for a week to
remove their bitter substance and to increase their
durability. Different plants used for basket making, their
local name, family, habit, morphology of useful part are
listed in Table-1.
From the present study, it is evident that the
Koraga people use 29 species of plants belonging to
22 genera and 16 families for basket making, of which
19 are either climbers or scandent shrubs. Stem of 25
plants are used to weave baskets while leaf fibres of 4
plants are used to bind tightly the woven slices. Use of
Bambusa bambos L. Voss., Borassus flabellifer L.,
Corypha umbraculifera L., Ochlandra scriptoria
(Dennst.) C. E. C. Fischer and Ochlandra travancorica
Benth. ex. Gamble in basket making were reported
earlier (Shetty et al., 2002; Shanmugam et al., 2012).
Bougainvillea spp. and Gliricidia sepium (Jacq.) Kunth
ex Walp. are of recent introduction, as tribal people use
these due to shortage of suitable plant material. Barks of
Acacia spp. are having cleansing property (Pawar and
Sonawale, 2011) while that of Ziziphus spp. are credited
Prasad and Raveendran, 2012
156 Journal of Research in Plant Sciences (2012) 1(2): 153-159
Loeseneriellaarnottiana(Wight)A.C.Sm.0218CelastraceaeMaderiballu,MaderiballiClimbingshrubStemslicesorstemassuch
Loeseneriellabourdillonii(Gamble)
Ramamoorthy
0294CelastraceaeMaderiballu,MaderiballiClimbingshrubStemslices
Ochlandrascriptoria(Dennst.)C.E.C.
Fischer
0341PoaceaeVaatebidiruShrubbybambooStemslices
OchlandratravancoricaBenth.exGamble0364PoaceaeVaatebidiruShrubbybambooStemslices
PothosscandensL.0118AraceaeArkeburuClimbingshrub
Stemgrowingalongthe
soil
Reissantiaindica(Willd.)N.Halle.0453CelastraceaeMadriburuClimbingshrubStem
StrychnoscolubrinaL.0156LoganiaceaeBallikayarWoodyclimberStemslices
Uvarianarum(Dunal)Wall.059AnnonaceaeKakkepaandelScandentshrubStem
Ziziphusoenoplia(L.)Mill.0237RhamnaceaeChoorimulluScandentshrubSpineremovedstemslices
ZiziphusrugosaLam.0179RhamnaceaeKottemulluScramblingshrubSpineremovedstemslices
5. Journal of Research in Plant Sciences (2012) 1(2): 153-159 157
Prasad and Raveendran, 2012
Figure 1 Plant materials Figure 2 Preparation of thin slices Figure 3 Thin slices
Figure 4 Thin slices ready for weaving Figure 5 Initial stage of weaving Figure 6 Weaving of basket
Figure 7 Weaving of thin slices Figure 8 Weaving at the final stage Figure 9 Preparation of handle
Figure 10 Handle Figure11 Finished product
(Gobbaratha Kantya)
Figure 12 Finished product
(Manna Kantya)
6. with antiseptic properties (Paulsamy, 2011). Of the
29 plants 24 are well known for their healing properties
(Jain, 1991; Udayan and Balachandran, 2009), thus
imparting medicinal value, insect and pest repellent
properties to the baskets weaved from them.
CONCLUSION
When compared with modern plastic or fibre
baskets, these traditional baskets are easy to handle,
durable, biodegradable and ecofriendly. Due to shortage
of plant materials and difficulty in marketing, the
younger generations of Koraga community are fleeing
away from their traditional craft of basket weaving,
towards other seemingly prestigious jobs, leaving it in
hands of a few old. Thus the stark reality is that both
Koraga tribe and their craft is facing fear of extinction of
their unique culture and identity.
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
Authors are indebted to the tribal people,
especially Aitha, Babu, Batya, Chaniya, Chaniyaru,
Manku and Sundara for their generous support during
the field survey. We also thank the Principal and
Management, Sir Syed College, Taliparamba for their
encouragement and support. First author is grateful to
KSCSTE for financial assistance.
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