Quantification of sri components on growth, yield and economics of rice in jharkhand

1. “ Quantification Of SRI components on growth ,yield and
economics of Rice in Jharkhand”
by
Dr. MD.Naiyar ali
Birsa Agricultural University,Ranchi

3. JHARKAND STATE PROFILE
Area in %Area in % Area in Lakhs HaArea in Lakhs Ha
 Total Geographical AreaTotal Geographical Area :: 79.7179.71
 Total Cultivable LandTotal Cultivable Land :: 38.0038.00
 Net Sown AreaNet Sown Area :: 28.08%28.08% 25.7525.75
 Current FallowCurrent Fallow :: 11.12%11.12% 8.878.87
 Other FallowOther Fallow :: 08.46%08.46% 6.756.75
 ForestForest :: 29.20%29.20% 23.2823.28
 Barren LandsBarren Lands :: 7.20%7.20% 5.745.74
 Non – Agricultural UseNon – Agricultural Use :: 8.60%8.60% 6.866.86
 Rice Area 22.0% :17.5Rice Area 22.0% :17.5
 Cultivable Waste LandCultivable Waste Land :: 3.44%3.44% 2.742.74
 Irrigated landIrrigated land :: 12.73%12.73% 3.0073.007
 Cropping IntensityCropping Intensity :: 116%116%

4. 1285.9 1131.7
844.5 644
1312.2
0
1000
2000
2007-08 2008-09 2009-10 2010-11 2011-12
Rainfall in mm during last five year
Rainfall…
 Average Normal rainfall -1200 to 1300 mm
 Rainfall during June to Sept -80 % of total Rainfall
 Present Trend of Rainfall - Rainfall delayed & Late onset of Monsoon

5. 0
100
200
300
400
500
600
700
Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec
Rainfall(mm)
-25
25
75
125
175
225
Std.Dev.&CV(%)
Normal SD CV(%)
Rainfall…..monthly distribution

6. Factors affecting agriculture productivity
• A large untapped land area and water
resources
• Very low productivity
• Poorly developed irrigation facilities
• High runoff leading to soil erosion and
fertility degradation
• Moisture stress, drought and soil acidity
• Non-availability of electricity
• Poor infrastructural facilities

7. Sources of Irrigation at
Jharkhand
Canal: 17.53%
Pond : 19.07%
Tubewell (Nal Kup)): 8.25%
Well : 29.38%
Others : 25.77%

8.  Rice is the staple food for about 50 per cent of the world’s
population that resides in Asia, where 90 per cent of the world’s
rice is grown and consumed.
India, it is estimated that the demand, of rice will be 140 million
tons in 2025.
India has 45.5 million hectare of land under rice cultivation
(MoA, 2010) and 52.6% of this land comes under irrigated rice
ecosystem area accounting for 29.4% of the global rice area and
it stood next only to China in the world with respect to rice
production.
To meet out the requirement of growing population, there is
need to enhance production from present level of 103.6 million
tonnes to 180 million tonnes over next 25 years.

9. Rice farming is the most important sources of employment and
income for the majority of rural people inJharkhand.
The System of Rice Intensification (SRI) holds a great promise
in increasing the rice productivity .
Rice is the staple food of more than 80 percent the state of
Jharkhand. But average productivity rice is less 2t/ha.
 The reason of low productivity may be attributed to non
adoption of improved production technology which includes the
agronomic practices and socioeconomic conditions of the tribal
people.
If SRI were to be applied with the water now being used for rice
irrigation, it would be able to increase irrigated area by at least
50 per cent, leading to 50 per cent increase in rice production
(Thakkar, 2005).

10. • The System of rice intensification results in saving of 30-40 per cent
irrigation water; 85 per cent on seed, chemical fertilizers, and promotes
soil microbial activity which improves the soil health
• Because of the growing population, farmers will need to produce more
rice with improved quality to meet future consumer demand .This
additional rice will have to be produced on less land with less water,
less labour and fewer chemicals
• Evaluation of SRI with certain package of crop management showed
that it not only had the benefit of reducing the water requirement for
rice cultivation but also increased the productivity. (Thiyagarajan et
al., 2005).
• India has to realize an annual growth rate of at least three per cent in
productivity of rice. So increasing the growth rate and productivity.
There is a method of rice farming known as System of Rice
Intensification (SRI).

11. • Jharkhand, SRI is becoming very popular among farmers now a days.
• State govt.giving Rs.2000/ha as incentive for SRI grower and targated
1.5 lakh hetare area for SRI out of of total 17.0 lakh ha. Under rice
cultivation
• It has been observed several times that farmers could not fetch the
optimum grain yield of rice in SRI system due to lack of knowledge
because they are unable to follow all the six principles of SRI.
• Therefore, it is very essential to know the contribution of each
component, so that farmers could adopt the most important few
component which play crucial role in increasing rice yield. Hence, the
present investigation was carried out to study the “Quantification of
SRI components on growth, yield and economics of rice in
Jharkhand”

12. • Jharkhand, SRI is becoming very popular among farmers now a
days.
• State govt.giving Rs.2000/ha as incentive for SRI grower and
targated 1.5 lakh hetare area for SRI out of of total 17.0 lakh
ha.
• Under rice cultivation but it has been observed that several
times farmers could not fetch the optimum grain yield of rice
in SRI system due to lack of knowledge because they are
unable to follow all the six principles of SRI.
• Therefore, it is very essential to know the contribution of each
component, so that farmers could adopt the most important
few component which play crucial role in increasing rice yield.
Hence, the present investigation was carried out to study the
“Quantification of SRI components on growth, yield and
economics of rice in Jharkhand”

13. Objective
To study the effect of principles System Of Rice
Intensification (SRI) on growth, yield attributes,
grain yield and economics of Rice in Jharkhand

14. METHODOLOGY A field experiment was conducted at Birsa Agriculture University, Jharkhand,
Ranchi, Kanke, (230
17’N latitude, 850
10’ E longitude and 625 m above mean sea
level altitude), Jharkhand, during kharif 2011 and 2012.
Treatments : 8
 T1 comprised of all six principles followed in SRI whereas in treatments T2 to T7
one principle of SRI was replaced with that of corresponding conventional method
of transplanting .
 T2: T1 with 3 seedlings per hill (instead of one seedling),
 T3: T1 with 21 day old seedlings(instead of 12 day old seedlings),
 T4: T1 with 20cm x 10 cm spacing (instead of 25cm x 25 cm )
 T5: T1 with only inorganic source of nutrient (instead of organic + inorganic),
 T6: T1 with herbicide + manual weeding at 40DAT (instead of conoweeding),
 T7: T1 with 5±2 cm standing water during crop growth (instead of saturation
water management), and
 T8:Conventional transplanting (21 days old seedling; spacing of 20 cm x 10 cm; 3
seedlings/hill with 5±2 cm standing water during crop growth)

15. Table 1 Effect of SRI components on growth parameters (data pooled over 2)
years)
Treatment Plant
height
(cm)
At
maturity
Total tillers
/m2
At maturity
Leaf area index
(At 50%flowering
stage)
Dry matter
accumulation
(g/m2
)
At maturity
Crop growth rate
g /m2
/day
(At 50%flowering
stage)
T1 (All six principles of SRI)
118.4 339 3.5 1627.5 17.4
T2 ( T1 with 3 seedling/ hill)
116.9 333 3.5 1597.1 16.9
T3 (TI with 21 old seedling)
93.01 260 2.8 1281.2 10.3
T4 ( T1 with 20x10 cm spacing)
111.6 318 3.4 1557.6 16.3
T5 (T1 with inorganic source)
113.6 323 3.5 1575.4 16.7
T6( T1 with herbicide and
manual weeding) 105.4 302 3.3 1499.9 15.2
T7 (T1 with standing water)
108.7 308 3.4 1529.7 15.6
T8 ( conventional transplanting)
96.4 267 2.9 1340.4 11.49
SEM 5.41 15.99 0.13 71.03 0.51
CD(0.05) 16.54 48.84 0.41 216.97 1.57
CV (%) 8.68 9.04 7.00 8.20 5.92

16. Table 2. Effect of SRI components on yield attributes ,grain & straw yield, harvest index of rice
(data pooled over 2 years)
Treatment No of
panicle /
m2
Testwt
(g)
Panicle
length(cm)
Panicle
weight (g)
No of filled
grains /
panicle
No of
unfilled
grains/
panicle
Grain
(q/ha)
Straw
(q/ha)
HI
(%)
%
Decrease
over SRI
% increase in
SRI over
others
T1 (All six
principles of
SRI) 272 24.91 26.8 4.6 138.7 27.7 68.0 94.4 42.5 - -
T2 ( T1 with 3
seedling/ hill)
268 24.7 26.1 4.5 136.3 31.9 66.8 92.8 41.8 1.7 1.8
T3 (TI with 21
old seedling)
225 23.6 22.1 2.9 103.5 42.8 51.0 76.9 39.9 25.0 33.3
T4 ( T1 with
20x10 cm
spacing)
264 24.2 25.6 4.2 133.3 35.6 64.6 91.0 41.5 5.0 5.3
T5 (T1 with
inorganic source)
265 24.3 25.9 4.2 135.8 34.6 65.4 91.8
41.5
9 3.8 4.0
T6( T1 with
herbicide and
manual weeding)
261 23.9 24.9 3.9 130.6 37.4 61.6 88.2 41.1 9.4 10.4
T7 (T1 with
standing water)
263 24.0 25.1 4.1 132.1 36.5 63.1 89.6 41.3 7.2 7.8
T8 (Conv.T)
231 23.7 22.5 2.9 106.7 47.6 53.9 79.7 40.4 20.7 26.1
SEM
11.69 0.43 0.86 0.16 6.85 1.90 2.86 3.82 1.69
CD (0.05)
35.71 NS 2.64 0.49 20.93 5.80 8.74 11.67 NS

17. Treatment Economics
Gross
return
Net return B:C Ratio
T1 (All six principles of
SRI) 80077 54133 2.1
T2 ( T1with 3 seedling/ hill)
78679 52735 2.0
T3 (TI with 21 old seedling)
61328 31323 1.0
T4 ( T1 with 20x10 cm
spacing) 76325 50380 1.9
T5 (T1 with inorganic
source) 77243 51299 1.9
T6( T1 with herbicide and
manual weeding) 73071 47127 1.8
T7 (T1 with standing water)
74714 48770 1.8
T8 ( conventional
transplanting) 64485 34480 1.1
SEM
2649 2649 0.10
CD (0.05)
8091 8091 0.30
Table 3. Effect of SRI components on economics of rice (data
pooled over 2 years)