3. 1. Status of Rice Production in China

5. Percentage of grain crop area

6. Percentage of grain crop production

7. Trend of rice production in China

9. Percentage of planting area of different types of rice and average planting area for types of variety Type Percentage of planting area (%) Indica inbred 17.3 Japonica inbred 27.6 Two-line hybrid 5.4 Three-line hybrid 49.8

10. Percentage of hybrid planting area to national rice area

11. 2. Problems in Rice Production

13. Costs of rice production Items Percentage(%) Labour 45.9 Fertilizers 17.9 Pesticides 4.9 Machine/animal power 5.8 Irrigation /drainage 12.9

14. Nitrogen 180kg/ha ave. -- only 25-30% efficiency Pesticide 5-6 times of application for E/L rice 6-8 times of application for single rice Water Irrigation of 8000-1200M 3 /ha Low resource-use efficiency

15. ~ 120M farms are planting rice at present Average area per farm -- 0.2-0.4 ha Small-scale of production

16. 3. Trends in Rice Production Technology

17. Changes in main traits of dominant varieties Period 60s -80s After 90s Plant height (cm) 80-100 100-125 Tillering capacity Medium Strong Panicle size Medium Large

18. Changes of cultivation practice S: shallow water layer, M: moisture, D: dry Period 50s-60s 70s-80s 90s After 90s Plant density Sparse Dense Sparse More sparse Irrigation Deep Deep-Shallow S-M-D S-M-D

19. 4. Basic Principles and Opportunity of SRI in China

20. Basic principles of SRI and functions Basic principle Function Younger seedling Tiller growth Sparse planting Tiller growth, large panicle S-M-D irrigation Water saving, root growth, and fertilizer use efficiency Organic/chemical fertilizer Soil fertility

21. Contributions of SRI Practice Contribution Sparse planting with younger seedling Labor-saving S-M-D irrigation Water-saving Organic/chemical fertilizer Sustainable soil fertility

22. 5. Factors in Rice Growth and Yield with SRI

23. 1) Comparison of yield in SRI and check (Jiayou 99 variety, 2003) TR Panicle (No./m 2 ) Grains (No./ panicle Fertility (%) Grain weight (g /1000) Yield (t/hm 2 ) Relative yield(%) SRI 215.7 222.8 91.2 25.3 11.1 119.4 CK 209.6 191 92.6 25.1 9.3 100.0

26. Analysis of factors of yield increase in SRI compared with check Item Yield (t/hm 2 ) Contribution (%) Panicle no. 0.27 15.7 Grain no. 1.38 80.1 Grain weight 0.07 4.3 Total 1.73 100.0

27. 2) Pattern of tiller growth in SRI and check

28. 3) Light penetration

29. 4) Effect of planting type on angle of tiller at 45 DAS

30. Experiment of water saving in CNRRI 5) Water saving

31. Experiment of water saving in CNRRI

32. Comparison of water consumption in SRI and check Treatment Water consumption (m3/ha) Rate of saved water (%) CK 6289.8 0.0 S1 4879.9 22.4 S2 3806.7 39.5 S3 3477.0 44.7

33. 5. SRI Practice and Demonstration

34. 1) SRI demonstrations in Zhejiang

35. Yield and location of SRI demonstrations in Zhejiang province (2004) Location Variety Area (ha) Yield (t/ha) Tiantai Nei2you 6 6.8 12.1 Tiantai Liangyoupeijiu 10.0 11.7 Chengzhou Zhongzheyou 1 7.5 12.3 Lingan Zhongzheyou 1 7.6 10.7 Kaihua Zhongzheyou 1 7.2 12.2

37. Seedling raising in tray

38. 3 DAS

39. 16 DAS

40. Land preparation in moist soil

41. Transplanting in shallow water layer

42. 25 DAS After rainfall or irrigation

43. 33 DAS

44. 45 DAS Without water layer

45. 65 DAS 53 DAS

48. Heavy panicle

49. 2) SRI Demonstrations in Northeast Region

51. Normal 3-S

52. Seedling raising in tray

53. Seedling raising in upland seedbed

54. Seedlings are started at the end of winter in plastic greenhouses

56. Sparse sowing check

57. Wide row planting

58. Moist soil

61. THANK YOU