CASE STUDY ON STATUS OF HORTICULTURE MECHANIZATION IN INDIA

1. A
PRESENTATION ON
STATUS OF HORTICULTURE MECHANIZATION
IN INDIA
Ashishkumar Koradia
akkoradia51@gmail.com

2. Introduction
 The word Horticulture is derived from two Latin words viz. Hortus means garden and
Culture means knowledge of growing these crops.
 Horticulture is an aesthetic science that deals with the important crops which are
grown in the gardens e.g. vegetable crops in vegetable garden, fruit crops in fruit
orchards.
 Horticulture is a science of studying garden plants.
 In contrast to agriculture, horticulture does not include large-scale crop
production or animal husbandry.

3. Major area of Horticulture
 Olericulture(Vegetable culture): e.g. Cabbage, Tomato, Fenugreek.
 Pomology (Fruit Culture): e.g. Mango, Banana, Grapes.
 Floriculture and Ornamental Gardening : e.g. Roses, asters, lily, Cactus, Ferns, etc.
 Post Harvest Technology and preservation : e.g. Preparation of jam, jelly, ketchup etc.
 Oenology : all aspects of wine and winemaking.
 Landscape horticulture : The production, marketing and maintenance of landscape plants.
 Viticulture : The production and marketing of grapes.

4. Year wise production of Spices in India
Year Area (`000 ha) Production (`000 tonne)
2008-09 2629.46 4144.91
2009-10 2463.28 4015.92
2010-11 2940.2 5350.5
2011-12 3212 5951
2012-13 3075.9 5743.5
2013-14 3163.3 5908.29
2014-15 3188.04 5732.42
Source : Horticulture Statistics Division, Department of Agriculture, Cooperation and Farmers Welfare.

5. Year wise production of Flowers in India
Year Area (`000 ha) Production (`000 tonne)
2007-08 166.3 868.4
2008-09 166.5 987.4
2009-10 182.9 1020.6
2010-11 190.8 1031.2
2011-12 253.6 1651.7
2013-13 254.3 1729
2013-14 255 1754.5
2014-15 245.8 1638.8
Source : Horticulture Statistics Division, Department of Agriculture, Cooperation and Farmers Welfare.

6. Year wise production of Vegetables in India
Year Area (`000 ha) Production (`000 tonne)
2007-08 7848 12844.9
2008-09 7981 12977.0
2009-10 7985 13373.8
2010-11 8495 14655.4
2011-12 8989 15652.5
2013-13 9205 16218.7
2013-14 9396 16288.0
2014-15 9494 16703.0
Source : Horticulture Statistics Division, Department of Agriculture, Cooperation and Farmers Welfare.

7. Year wise production of Fruits in India
Year Area (`000 ha) Production (`000 tonne)
2007-08 5857 65587
2008-09 6101 68466
2009-10 6329 71516
2010-11 6383 74878
2011-12 6705 76424
2012-13 6982 81285
2013-14 7216 88977
2014-15 6242 86283
Source : Horticulture Statistics Division, Department of Agriculture, Cooperation and Farmers Welfare.

8. Mechanization
 Mechanization is the process of changing from working largely or exclusively by hand or
with animals to doing that work with machinery.
 “Mechanization may be either partial or complete. It is partial when only a part of the
farm work is done by machine. When animal or human labour is completely dispensed
with by power supplying machines, it is termed as complete.”
 Agricultural mechanization is the process whereby equipments, machineries and
implements are utilized to boost agricultural and food production.
 It is the application of machineries, equipments and implements in the day to day farm
activities to increase marginal output in food production and poverty eradication.

9. Production of various horticulture crops (tonne) over the
years

10. Leading flower producing states

31. Leading vegetable producing states

32. Leading fruit producing states

33. Benefits of Mechanization in horticulture
 Increases production.
 Increases efficiency and per man productivity.
 Mechanization increases the yield of land per unit of area.
 Mechanization results in lower cost of work.
 Modifies social structure in rural areas .
 Its leads to commercial agriculture .
 Its solve the problem of labour shortage.
 Its results in better use of land .
 Its reduces fodder area and enlarges food area.
 It increases farm income.

34. Machinery Used In Horticulture
 Cultivator
 Irrigation sprinklers
 Weeder
 Harvesters for vegetable & Fruits
 Power tiller
 sprayer
 Vegetable Planters
 Tractor
 Harvesting plate forms

35. Green House
 A green house is a structure with walls and roof made chiefly of transparent
material, such as glass, in which plants requiring regulated climatic conditions
are grown.
 A French botanist named Charles Lucien Bonaparte, is said to have designed
the first modern green house in Leiden, Holland, which housed medicinal
plants.
 There are more than 50 countries now in the world where cultivation of crops is
undertaken in green house.

36. Green House Status in India
 In India of green house technology started only during 1980`s and it was mainly
used for research works.
 In India greenhouse cultivation is mainly in Maharashtra, Uttarakhand, Gujarat,
Karanataka, Jammu and Kashmir.
 Nowadays in India, central government and state government giving a subsidy on
green house implementaion.
 About 50-60% subsidy given by the government.

37. Area under greenhouse in different countries:
Country Area (Ha)
Netherland 89,600
China 51,000
Japan 40,000
Spain 28,000
South Korea 21,000
Italy 19,500
Israel 18,000
USA 15,000
Turkey 12,000
India Only 100 in 1995
5730 in 2012

38. Population of farm power sources
Year Tractor (million) Power
tiller(million)
Diesel engine
(million)
Electric motor
(million)
1960-61 0.037 0 0.23 0.20
1970-71 0.168 0.0096 1.7 1.6
1980-81 0.531 0.0162 2.28 3.35
1990-91 1.192 0.0323 4.8 8.07
2000-01 2.531 0.1147 5.9 13.25
2010-11 4.207 0.3213 8.2 16.50
2011-12 4.553 0.3621 8.3 16.70
2012-13 4.858 0.4021 8.35 16.80
2013-14 5.237 0.4409 8.85 17
2014-15 6.21 0.667 9.02 17.85

39. Status of machines in India
Implement 1994-1995 1999-2000 2004-2005 2009-2010 2014-15
Harvester(Self
Propelled)
7.5 7.9 18 39 65.7
M.B. & Disc
Plough
925 1429 2392 4009 6427
Cultivator 1766 3150 5956 11558 19445
Seed drill 640 1606 2777 7301 12690
Planter 224 350 554 643 798
Potato digger - 569 878 1355 2581.3
Veg. & Fruit
Harvester
6 7.5 9.7 15 79.6
Disc Harrow 1292 1892 3574 6751 9826
Sprayer &
Duster
145 205 269 330 487
(No in Thousands)

40. Farm power availability & productivity of horticulture crop
0.25
0.31 0.36
0.63
0.92
1.35
1.68
0.522
0.71
0.872
1.023
1.385
1.723
1.921
0
0.5
1
1.5
2
2.5
1951 1961 1971 1981 1991 2001 2011 2021
PRODUCTIVITY(T/HA)&FARMPOWER()KW/HA
YEAR
Farm Power Productivity

41. Top five states in horticulture production 2015-16
State Production(`00
0 tonnes)
% share in
total
production
Maharashtra 9966.5 11.0
Andhra Pradesh 9964.0 11.0
Utter Pradesh 9624.4 10.6
Gujarat 7919.5 8.7
Tamil Nadu 7908.1 8.7
State Production(`000
tonnes)
% share in total
production
Uttar Pradesh 25951.3 15.6
West Bengal 23734.2 14.43
Bihar 15296.3 9.2
Madhya
Pradesh
14797.7 8.9
Gujarat 11861.2 7.1
Fruits Vegetables

42. Top five states in horticulture production 2015-16
State Production
(`000 tonnes)
% share in total
production
Gujarat 1014.6 16.5
Andhra Pradesh 920.9 15.0
Madhya Pradesh 699.1 11.4
Rajasthan 618.3 10.1
Telangana 494.0 8.1
State Production
(`000 tonnes)
% share in total
production
Tamilnadu 356.52 16.5
Kerala 290.77 13.5
West Bengal 216.18 10.0
Madhya
Pradesh
216.00 10.0
Mizoram 181.83 8.4
Spices Flowers