Comparative performance of rice establishment methods in north central plateau zone of orissa

1. Comparative performance of rice establishment
methods in North Central Plateau Zone of
Orissa
By
Dr. T.R.Mohanty1, Dr. S.K.Maity2 & Dr. P.K.Roul1
1 OUAT, Bhubaneswar
2 Visva-Bharati Univ., Santiniketan

2. • To evaluate the growth and productivity of rice under various
methods of crop establishment and its effect on subsequent
greengram crop
• To study the effects of organic/inorganic/integrated
approaches of crop nutrition on Rice
• To study the effect of crop establishment and nutrient
management practices on soil physico-chemical properties.
• To study the economics and energetics of production of rice
under various methods of crop establishment and nourishment.
OBJECTIVES

3. • Experimental site: Krishi Vigyan Kendra, Shyamakhunta,
Mayurbhanj-I (21o 56’ N, 86o 46’ E and 50 m
above MSL)
• Year: 2009-10 and 2010-11
• Soil: Sandy clay loam
• pH: 5.63,
• O.C. (%): 0.46
• Available N (kg ha-1): 221
• Available P (kg ha-1): 10.4
• Available K (kg ha-1): 221

4. TREATMENT DETAILS
Kharif (Rice), Variety: Pratikshya
A. Main Plot (Crop Establishment)
C1 System of Rice Intensification (SRI)
C2
Conventional transplanting (21 days old seedlings, 20cm x
15 cm, 2-3 seedlings/hill)
C3
Line Sowing of Pre-germinated Paddy Seeds by Drum-
Seeder
B. Sub Plot (Nutrient Management)
N1 100% Recommended Fertilizer through Chemical Sources
N2
100% Recommended Fertilizer through Organic Sources
(based on Nitrogen )
N3
50% Recommended Fertilizer through Organic Sources
(based on Nitrogen)
+ 50% Recommended Fertilizer through Chemical Fertilizer
contd…

5. Design Split Plot
Replication 03
No. of Treatments 9
No. of Plots 27
Plot size 12.6 m x 3 m
Recommended
Doses of Fertilizer
Rice: 80:40:40 N: P2 O5: K2 O kg ha -1

6. Practices adopted
Management
practices
SRI Drum seeding Conventional
Transplanting
Age of seedling
(days)
10-12 - 21-25
No. of
seedlings/hill
One - 2-3
Spacing 25 X 25 cm 20 cm between
rows
20 X 15 cm
Weed
management
3 weedings with
cono weeder at12-
15, 22-25 and 32-
35 DAT
2 manual
weedings at 25
and 50 days after
drum seeding
2 manual weedings at
20 and 40 DAT
Water
management
AWD i.e. irrigating
the plots to 2.5 cm
depth after
formation of
hairline crack
during vegetative
Flooding with 4-5
cm depth of water
after 5 days of
seeding until hard
dough stage
Continuous flooding
with 4-5 cm depth of
water until hard dough
stage

9. Treatments
Crop
Establishment
Plant height (cm)
at maturity
Tillers m -2 at
maturity
Root dry weight
( g hill-1) at 75 DANS
Root volume
(cc hill-1) at 75
DANS
2009 2010 Pooled 2009 2010 Pooled 2009 2010 Pooled 2009 2010 Pooled
SRI 125.9 126.8 126.4 234 246 240
24.16 26.85 25.51
59.8
9 66.62 63.26
Drum seeding 115.1 1115.0 115.0 247 264 255
9.43 10.47 9.95
23.5
5 25.76 24.66
Conventional
transplanting
119.7 120.7 120.2 261 280 270
10.24 11.35 10.79
25.4
3 28.37 26.90
CD (0.05) 7.3 8.1 4.5 NS NS NS 1.21 1.24 0.72 3.06 3.25 1.86
Nutrient management
RDF 121.9 122.5 122.2 248 268 258
14.22 15.80 15.01 35.27 39.12 37.20
Organic
Management
116.1 116.3 116.2 225 237 231 14.01 15.58 14.80 34.57 38.74 36.66
INM 122.7 123.8 123.3 268 284 276 15.60 17.28 16.44 39.04 42.88 40.96
CD (0.05) 5.6 5.8 3.8 28 22 17 0.74 0.83 0.53 2.306 2.529 1.62
Table No. 1 : Effect of crop establishment methods and nutrient management
practices on growth attributes of rice

10. Treatments
Crop
Establishmen
t
Panicles m-2 Panicle length (cm) Total spikelets panicle-1 Sterility %
2009 2010 Pooled 2009 2010
Poole
d
2009 2010 Pooled 2009 2010 Pooled
SRI 227.0 239.5 233.3 27.54 27.92 27.73 199.25 200.5 199.9 13.76 14.00 13.88
Drum
seeding
241.0 256.9 249.0 22.68 22.48 22.58 167.08 165.0 166.1 16.38 16.39 16.38
Conventional
transplanting
252.9 271.8 262.3 22.84 22.44 22.64 169.38 165.9 167.6 15.70 15.58 15.64
CD (0.05) NS NS NS 1.76 1.48 0.96 22.18 18.9 12.1 1.868 1.661 1.04
Nutrient management
RDF 242.5 260.02 251.28 24.02 24.00 24.01 180.34 178.1 179.2 16.51 16.35 16.43
Organic
Management
220.1 231.29 225.71 23.78 24.11 23.95 173.45 174.6 174.0 14.19 14.51 14.35
INM 258.3 276.92 267.71 25.26 24.72 24.99 181.92 178.7 180.3 15.13 15.11 15.12
CD (0.05) 26.14 21.44 16.01 NS NS NS NS NS NS 1.425 1.381 0.94
Table No. 2.Effect of crop establishment and nutrient management practices on
number of panicles m-2, panicle length, spikelets panicle -1 and sterility (%) of
rice

11. Crop
Establishment
Filled spikelets per
panicle(no.)
1000- grain weight (g) Panicle conversion efficiency (%)
2009 2010 Pooled 2009 2010 Pooled 2009 2010 Pooled
SRI 171.73 172.53 172.13 23.37 24.48 23.92 66.65 66.31 66.48
Drum seeding 139.57 138.02 138.79 21.71 22.40 22.05 64.11 64.07 64.09
Conventional
transplanting
142.84 140.00 141.42 21.80 22.44 22.12 65.01 65.27 65.14
CD (0.05) 20.689 16.757 11.06 1.181 1.571 0.82 NS NS NS
Nutrient management
RDF 150.62 149.10 149.86 21.90 22.56 22.23 61.75 62.21 61.98
Organic
Management
149.07 149.58 149.32 22.70 23.43 23.07 67.63 67.15 67.39
INM 154.45 151.88 153.16 22.28 23.33 22.80 66.38 66.30 66.34
CD (0.05) NS NS NS NS NS NS 3.16 2.81 2.00
Table No.3. Effect of crop establishment and nutrient management practices on filled
spikelets panicle-1, 1000- grain weight and panicle conversion efficiency of rice

12. Crop
Establishment
Grain yield (kg ha -1) Straw yield (kg ha -1) Harvest Index (%)
2009 2010 Pooled 2009 2010 Pooled 2009 2010 Pooled
SRI 6341 6969 6655 7636 7486 7561 45.30 48.17 46.74
Drum seeding 5080 5499 5289 7344 7286 7315 40.80 42.97 41.89
Conventional
transplanting 5407 5876 5642 7262 7272 7267 42.54 44.56 43.55
SE m(±) 196 229 150 195 217 146 0.214 0.761 0.396
CD (0.05) 766 897 490 NS NS NS 0.84 2.99 1.29
Nutrient management
RDF
5506 5997 5751 7387 7427 7407 42.66 44.63 43.64
Organic
Management
5164 5635 5400 7183 7065 7124 41.57 44.12 42.84
INM 6158 6711 6435 7672 7552 7612 44.42 46.95 45.68
SE m(±) 112 131 86 113 127 85 0.158 0.264 0.154
CD (0.05)
346 404 252 347 390 247 0.49 0.81 0.45
Table No.4. Effect of crop establishment and nutrient management practices on
Grain yield (kg ha -1), Straw yield (kg ha -1) & Harvest Index (%) of rice

13. Table No.5. Interaction effect of crop establishment and nutrient
management practices on grain yield of rice
Crop
Establishm
ent
2009 2010 pooled
Nutrient management Nutrient management Nutrient management
RDF Organic INM RDF Organic INM RDF Organic INM
SRI 5793 6271 6960 6348 6920 7638 6071 6596 7299
Drum
seeding 5140 4594 5506 5577 4956 5964 5359 4775 5735
Conv.trans
planting 5585 4628 6009 6065 5030 6532 5825 4829 6270
SE m(±) CD (0.05) SE m(±) CD (0.05) SE m(±) CD (0.05)
Main * Sub 251.596 903 294.321 1057 193.601 605
Sub * Main
194.588 599 227.132 700 149.544 436

15. Table No 6. Effect of crop establishment methods and nutrient management
practices on nitrogen uptake by grain and straw of rice
Treatments N uptake (kg ha-1) P uptake (kg ha-1) K uptake (kg ha-1)
Crop
Establishment
Pooled Pooled Pooled
Grain Straw Grain Straw Grain Straw
SRI 79.23 31.58 13.79 8.14 15.13 98.61
Drum seeding 62.47 30.61 10.95 7.82 12.02 94.65
Conventional
transplanting 66.60 30.38 11.69 7.79 12.81 94.49
SE m(±) 1.707 0.528 0.311 0.171 0.347 2.051
CD (0.05) 5.57 NS 1.02 NS 1.13 NS
Nutrient Management
RDF 67.64 30.89 11.88 7.88 13.04 95.17
Organic
Management 64.25 29.95 11.21 7.71 12.29 93.34
INM
76.41 31.71 13.34 8.17 14.63 99.25
SE m(±)
1.017 0.346 0.179 0.093 0.193 1.095
CD (0.05)
2.97 NS 0.52 NS 0.56 3.19

16. Table No.7. Effect of crop establishment methods and
nutrient management practices on economics of rice
Crop
Establishment
Cost of
cultivation
(Rs./ha)
Gross return(Rs./ha) Net return (Rs./ha)
Return per rupee
invested
Pooled Pooled Pooled Pooled
SRI 34892 77925 43033 2.28
Drum seeding
34612 62977 28365 1.88
Conventional
transplanting
35272 66742 31470 1.96
CD (0.05) 5581 5581 0.17
Nutrient management
RDF 27790 68041 40251 2.45
Organic
Management
41970 64017 22047 1.53
INM 35015 75586 40570 2.16
CD (0.05) 27790 2904 2904 0.09

17. Conclusion
 Rice crop establishment by SRI method produced significantly
highest grain yield (6655kg/ha) which was 18 and 26% higher than
conventional tillage and Drum seeding, respectively; while the latter
two treatments produced statistically similar grain yields. Straw yield
did not differ significantly among the crop establishment methods.
However, SRI recorded significantly highest harvest index.
 INM in rice crop could register the highest grain yield of 6435
kg/ha which was significantly more than RDF & Organic mode of
nutrition by 11.9 and 19.2% respectively.
 All the three methods of rice establishment coupled with INM
recorded significantly higher grain yield, gross return and net return
over RDF and sole organics. The SRI method of rice establishment
was found to respond positively to the organic nutrient management
approach over RDF; while DS and CT responded negatively.
Contd…

18. SRI method of rice establishment with INM
approach evolved as the most suitable
combination of stand establishment and nutrient
management practice for rice cultivation in North
Central Plateau Zone of Orissa.

19. Future line of research

20. 1. Since the components of INM in rice taken in this experiment do not
come out to be much remunerative over inorganic fertilization, the other
locally available and feasible components such green manuring in situ,
green leaf manuring, Azolla culture, dhaincha brown manuring etc.
should evaluated to test their technical feasibility and economic viability.
2. To establish the superiority of organic nutrient management treatments
on soil health and economics of productions, long term experiment
under fully organic environment should be tried so that the economics
of the produce can be evaluated with the premium price that an organic
produce can fetch in the market.
3. As the transplanting of 12-14 days old rice seedling in SRI is relatively
energy and cost intensive, ideas like direct seeding of pre-germinated
seeds or pelleted seeds may be tested while following other principles of
SRI.
4. Nutrient management in SRI may further be intensified by integrating the
organic source of nutrients with supplemental chemical fertilizers
having need based N application with help of leaf colour chart or SPAD
chlorophyll meter.