The document discusses the Basic Seven tools of quality including fishbone diagrams, histograms, Pareto analysis, flowcharts, scatter plots, run charts, and control charts. These seven tools were developed by Kaoru Ishikawa to make statistical analysis and quality control more accessible. The tools help identify problems, display data visually, find relationships between variables, and monitor processes for improvements. An example using data from Acme Pizza is provided to demonstrate how the tools can be applied.
Dear All, I have prepared this presentation to get a better understanding of Statistical Process Control (SPC). This is a very informative presentation and giving information about the History of SPC, the basics of SPC, the PDCA approach, the Benefits of SPC, application of 7-QC tools for problem-solving. You can follow this technique in your day to day business working to solve the problems. Thanking you.
PDCA stands for Plan-Do-Check-Act. It can also stand for Plan-Do-Check-Adjust or Plan-Do-Study-Act.
Plan: Plan or outline a problem. Create a process improvement plan.
Do: Do or apply countermeasure to address root cause. Execute a process improvement plan.
Check: Check or assess if the problem is fixed. Inspect feedback and adjust the plan accordingly.
Act: Adjust or fine tune the fix. Integrate a process improvement plan into the system.
https://goleansixsigma.com/lean-six-sigma-pdca-infographic/
https://goleansixsigma.com/pdca-pdsa/
Dear All, This is very comprehensive training on application of 7QC tools in industry. There is now a common demand in every industry to improve and control the process by achieving product quality with integrity. These 7-QC tools are very useful to fulfil industry demand by controlling the process. I am expecting your kind suggestions and comments to improve my presentation further. Thanks a lot everyone for your time to read this presentation. I hope it will definitely give some value addition in your routine life. Thanking you!
Dear All, I have prepared this presentation to get a better understanding of Statistical Process Control (SPC). This is a very informative presentation and giving information about the History of SPC, the basics of SPC, the PDCA approach, the Benefits of SPC, application of 7-QC tools for problem-solving. You can follow this technique in your day to day business working to solve the problems. Thanking you.
PDCA stands for Plan-Do-Check-Act. It can also stand for Plan-Do-Check-Adjust or Plan-Do-Study-Act.
Plan: Plan or outline a problem. Create a process improvement plan.
Do: Do or apply countermeasure to address root cause. Execute a process improvement plan.
Check: Check or assess if the problem is fixed. Inspect feedback and adjust the plan accordingly.
Act: Adjust or fine tune the fix. Integrate a process improvement plan into the system.
https://goleansixsigma.com/lean-six-sigma-pdca-infographic/
https://goleansixsigma.com/pdca-pdsa/
Dear All, This is very comprehensive training on application of 7QC tools in industry. There is now a common demand in every industry to improve and control the process by achieving product quality with integrity. These 7-QC tools are very useful to fulfil industry demand by controlling the process. I am expecting your kind suggestions and comments to improve my presentation further. Thanks a lot everyone for your time to read this presentation. I hope it will definitely give some value addition in your routine life. Thanking you!
These are the slides for the webinar delivered on 8-9-2016. The recording is available at http://www.slideshare.net/KarenMartinGroup/lean-leadership-part-1-of-3-webinars
Over the 16 years that we've been providing support to organizations at nearly every stage of the Lean journey, leadership has consistently emerged as the single most important determinant of success. Those organizations with deep leadership engagement soar, while those who don't fail to experience significant transformation.
In this first of three webinars, Karen shares the perspective and content that she and her team use when working with executives and senior leadership teams within the firm's clients.
She review the system of Lean principles, management practices, and tools, and then focuses on 6 of the topics leaders most commonly misunderstand or are unaware of:
1. Three of the core values that underlie Lean management
2. Key performance indicators
3. Visual management
4. Work standardization
5. Go and see (Gemba) management
6. The one environmental "don't" that destroys all Lean effort
Not a subscriber? To receive automatic notification of future webinars, gain access to our library of free assessments and templates, and receive our occasional newsletter with improvement tips: http://www.ksmartin.com/subscribe.
7 QC Tools are simple statistical tools used for problem solving. Nilesh Arora presented basics of 7 QC Tool training and details about Pareto Diagram.
Explanation of the seven basic tools used to solve a variety of quality-related issues. They are suitable for people with little formal training in statistics.
This is a short presentation that I have created for explaining the iterative process for continuous improvement. It shows the Plan-Do-Check-Act (P-D-C-A) methodology that is standard practice in industry for process improvement and product improvement. This is a methodology used for developing anything from automobiles, to mobile phones, to software, and Information Technology.
[Note: To download this poster, visit:
https://www.oeconsulting.com.sg/training-presentations]
The poster depicts the 8 steps of Focused Improvement (Kobetsu Kaizen).
Fishbone Diagram, Ishikawa Diagram Training, Learn Fishbone in 3 Easy StepsBryan Len
What is Fishbone Diagram ?
Fishbone Diagram, an interesting name. It looks like a fish. Fishbone Diagram is one of the best techniques used in root cause analysis.
The diagram is named after Dr. Kaoru Ishikawa, University of Tokyo in 1943, who first developed and used fishbone diagram. That’s why, Fishbone diagram got another name as “Ishikawa”.
How is Fishbone Diagram Used ?
The great benefit of the fishbone diagram is its broad application. It can be applied to identify the causes of almost any problems like mechanical failures of a product, or designing to psychological issues.
Advantages of Fishbone Diagram:
Advantages of Fishbone method are,
Straightly easy to learn and apply
Good way to focus a brainstorming session
Effective learning method to the whole team.
Focuses discussion on the target issue
Encourages “system thinking” via visual connections
Puts further assessments and corrective actions in order
How to Develop Fishbone Diagram?
There are miscellaneous ways to develop a fishbone diagram and conduct it.
One way is to put the categories of possible causes on the “bones” of the fish, each line representing one category, such as:
Man (personnel)
Machine
Methods
Materials
Measurements
Mother Nature (environment)
Who Should Take Fishbone Diagram Course ?
Audience,
Tonex Training offers 2-days course and designed for all the individuals who want to learn and apply simple problem analysis tools. This hands-on seminar is ideal for the people like,
Senior executives, strategic leaders
Managers, quality managers
Product managers, manufacturing managers
R&D managers.
Learning Opportunities :
Learn about,
Concept of fishbone diagram
Learn when to use a cause & effect diagram
Creating effective fishbone diagram.
Fishbone diagram benefits in root cause analysis
Various approaches for fishbone diagram building.
Course Topics :
Fishbone Diagram Training topics can be adjusted as per your custom requirements,
Fundamentals of Fishbone diagram.
Fishbone Diagram Procedure
TONEX Fishbone Diagram Hands-On Workshop
Want To Learn More ?
Visit tonex.com for Fishbone Diagram Training, Ishikawa Training courses and workshop detail.
Fishbone Diagram, Ishikawa Diagram Training, Learn Fishbone in 3 Easy Steps
https://www.tonex.com/training-courses/fishbone-diagram-training-ishikawa-training/
In this 1-hour webinar you’ll learn what Lean is, why Lean is good for business and how some of the basic Lean concepts like 8 Wastes and Visual Management can improve and transform your operation.
Download the slides and more at https://goleansixsigma.com/webinar-introduction-to-lean/
Start your free Yellow Belt Training at http://www.goleansixsigma.com/free-lean-six-sigma-training/
Get The 8 Wastes Poster at https://goleansixsigma.com/product/the-8-wastes-poster/
The Seven Basic Tools of Quality (also known as 7 QC Tools) originated in Japan when the country was undergoing major quality revolution and had become a mandatory topic as part of Japanese’s industrial training program. These tools which comprised of simple graphical and statistical techniques were helpful in solving critical quality related issues. These tools were often referred as Seven Basics Tools of Quality because these tools could be implemented by any person with very basic training in statistics and were simple to apply to solve quality-related complex issues.
These are the slides for the webinar delivered on 8-9-2016. The recording is available at http://www.slideshare.net/KarenMartinGroup/lean-leadership-part-1-of-3-webinars
Over the 16 years that we've been providing support to organizations at nearly every stage of the Lean journey, leadership has consistently emerged as the single most important determinant of success. Those organizations with deep leadership engagement soar, while those who don't fail to experience significant transformation.
In this first of three webinars, Karen shares the perspective and content that she and her team use when working with executives and senior leadership teams within the firm's clients.
She review the system of Lean principles, management practices, and tools, and then focuses on 6 of the topics leaders most commonly misunderstand or are unaware of:
1. Three of the core values that underlie Lean management
2. Key performance indicators
3. Visual management
4. Work standardization
5. Go and see (Gemba) management
6. The one environmental "don't" that destroys all Lean effort
Not a subscriber? To receive automatic notification of future webinars, gain access to our library of free assessments and templates, and receive our occasional newsletter with improvement tips: http://www.ksmartin.com/subscribe.
7 QC Tools are simple statistical tools used for problem solving. Nilesh Arora presented basics of 7 QC Tool training and details about Pareto Diagram.
Explanation of the seven basic tools used to solve a variety of quality-related issues. They are suitable for people with little formal training in statistics.
This is a short presentation that I have created for explaining the iterative process for continuous improvement. It shows the Plan-Do-Check-Act (P-D-C-A) methodology that is standard practice in industry for process improvement and product improvement. This is a methodology used for developing anything from automobiles, to mobile phones, to software, and Information Technology.
[Note: To download this poster, visit:
https://www.oeconsulting.com.sg/training-presentations]
The poster depicts the 8 steps of Focused Improvement (Kobetsu Kaizen).
Fishbone Diagram, Ishikawa Diagram Training, Learn Fishbone in 3 Easy StepsBryan Len
What is Fishbone Diagram ?
Fishbone Diagram, an interesting name. It looks like a fish. Fishbone Diagram is one of the best techniques used in root cause analysis.
The diagram is named after Dr. Kaoru Ishikawa, University of Tokyo in 1943, who first developed and used fishbone diagram. That’s why, Fishbone diagram got another name as “Ishikawa”.
How is Fishbone Diagram Used ?
The great benefit of the fishbone diagram is its broad application. It can be applied to identify the causes of almost any problems like mechanical failures of a product, or designing to psychological issues.
Advantages of Fishbone Diagram:
Advantages of Fishbone method are,
Straightly easy to learn and apply
Good way to focus a brainstorming session
Effective learning method to the whole team.
Focuses discussion on the target issue
Encourages “system thinking” via visual connections
Puts further assessments and corrective actions in order
How to Develop Fishbone Diagram?
There are miscellaneous ways to develop a fishbone diagram and conduct it.
One way is to put the categories of possible causes on the “bones” of the fish, each line representing one category, such as:
Man (personnel)
Machine
Methods
Materials
Measurements
Mother Nature (environment)
Who Should Take Fishbone Diagram Course ?
Audience,
Tonex Training offers 2-days course and designed for all the individuals who want to learn and apply simple problem analysis tools. This hands-on seminar is ideal for the people like,
Senior executives, strategic leaders
Managers, quality managers
Product managers, manufacturing managers
R&D managers.
Learning Opportunities :
Learn about,
Concept of fishbone diagram
Learn when to use a cause & effect diagram
Creating effective fishbone diagram.
Fishbone diagram benefits in root cause analysis
Various approaches for fishbone diagram building.
Course Topics :
Fishbone Diagram Training topics can be adjusted as per your custom requirements,
Fundamentals of Fishbone diagram.
Fishbone Diagram Procedure
TONEX Fishbone Diagram Hands-On Workshop
Want To Learn More ?
Visit tonex.com for Fishbone Diagram Training, Ishikawa Training courses and workshop detail.
Fishbone Diagram, Ishikawa Diagram Training, Learn Fishbone in 3 Easy Steps
https://www.tonex.com/training-courses/fishbone-diagram-training-ishikawa-training/
In this 1-hour webinar you’ll learn what Lean is, why Lean is good for business and how some of the basic Lean concepts like 8 Wastes and Visual Management can improve and transform your operation.
Download the slides and more at https://goleansixsigma.com/webinar-introduction-to-lean/
Start your free Yellow Belt Training at http://www.goleansixsigma.com/free-lean-six-sigma-training/
Get The 8 Wastes Poster at https://goleansixsigma.com/product/the-8-wastes-poster/
The Seven Basic Tools of Quality (also known as 7 QC Tools) originated in Japan when the country was undergoing major quality revolution and had become a mandatory topic as part of Japanese’s industrial training program. These tools which comprised of simple graphical and statistical techniques were helpful in solving critical quality related issues. These tools were often referred as Seven Basics Tools of Quality because these tools could be implemented by any person with very basic training in statistics and were simple to apply to solve quality-related complex issues.
In our first live show, we discuss how Lean lessons stick best when people can relate to them through every day examples. Many of us practice Lean thinking in our lives without recognizing it. Since most people already know how to make coffee, this provides a perfect backdrop to teach a variety of Lean concepts.
Dr. Patrick Treacy Botox 'Myths & Facts' lecture to AAAD in Mexico CityDr. Patrick J. Treacy
The cosmetic effect of BTX-A on wrinkles was originally documented by a plastic surgeon from Sacramento, California, Dr. Richard Clark, and published in the journal Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery in 1989. Canadian husband and wife ophthalmologist and dermatologist physicians, JD and JA Carruthers, were the first to publish a study on BTX-A for the treatment of glabellar frown lines in 1992. Similar effects had reportedly been observed by a number of independent groups (Brin, and the Columbia University group under Dr. Monte Keen]). After formal trials, on April 12, 2002, the FDA announced regulatory approval of botulinum toxin type A (Botox Cosmetic) to temporarily improve the appearance of moderate-to-severe frown lines between the eyebrows (glabellar lines). Subsequently, cosmetic use of botulinum toxin type A has become widespread.[19] The results of Botox Cosmetic can last up to four months and may vary with each patient. The US Food and Drug Administration approved an alternative product-safety testing method in response to increasing public concern that LD50 testing was required for each batch sold in the market. The global botox market is forecast to reach $2.9 billion by 2018. The entire global market for facial aesthetics is forecast to reach $4.7 billion in 2018, of which the US is expected to contribute over $2 billion.
"The Beauty of BOTOX" presentation by Heidi LaForge, DO, Via Christi Clinic family medicine physician. Dr. LaForge explains how BOTOX is made and how it can help eliminate wrinkles.
Tim McMahon and Jeff Hajek discuss how to evaluate your
Lean progress, and what you can do if you seem to be falling short. They will cover leadership, training systems, Lean tools, culture, infrastructure, and more.
The Secrets to Creating an Effective Value Stream MapTim McMahon
Tim McMahon and Jeff Hajek talk about the proven steps you should use to create an effective value
stream map. Value stream mapping (VSM) is ideal for creating positive organizational changes, developing efficient future states, and producing system-wide benefits in cost, quality, and flexibility. It is well suited for a broad range of industries and processes. But like any tool, VSM must be applied properly. Jeff and Tim share the secrets they have learned from years of creating VSMs so you can get the most benefit from yours.
We are truly in an “era of injectables,” with access to a varied armamentarium of products that yield dramatic aesthetic results with minimal recovery downtime. From its first published mention as an aesthetic treatment for glabellar lines in 1992, the use of commercially available BoNT type A (BoNTA) has captivated healthcare professionals and lay people alike. The availability of newer BoNTA formulations, with more expected in the near future, poses an exciting opportunity for aesthetic practitioners to reach an ever expanding potential patient base and provide increasingly refined treatment
Introduction to 6S (5S plus Safety) methodology for continuous improvement. You will find this informative and full of practical advice to get started right away.
Training for periorbital and upper face treatment with botox and JuvedermDokter Frodo Gaymans
Training for periorbital and upper face treatment with botox and Juvederm
Training for experienced injectors.
no rights may be derived from this training
Two Methods for Modeling LTV with a SpreadsheetEric Seufert
NB! The bitly link in the deck DOES NOT WORK, please use this one: http://bit.ly/1JTymzd
This is the presentation I gave at Slush 2013 in Helsinki, Finland. It describes two methods for modeling Lifetime Customer Value (LTV) in Excel. Linked within the presentation is a spreadsheet exemplifying both methods against 100k rows of fake user data that I generated with a Python script to "look" real (although they probably don't).
I've been asked to put together a basic (and therefore relatively quick) introduction to Lean Six Sigma & DMAIC. While it’s not yet finished, I thought I would put it out there for people to comment on. Since the presentation is supposed to be training material there’s more text on the slides than I would prefer, but there are a few exercises and games to get the trainees involved.
I've put the PowerPoint version on my blog:
http://alesandrab.wordpress.com/2013/06/07/introduction-to-lean-six-sigma-dmaic/
June 3, 2024 Anti-Semitism Letter Sent to MIT President Kornbluth and MIT Cor...Levi Shapiro
Letter from the Congress of the United States regarding Anti-Semitism sent June 3rd to MIT President Sally Kornbluth, MIT Corp Chair, Mark Gorenberg
Dear Dr. Kornbluth and Mr. Gorenberg,
The US House of Representatives is deeply concerned by ongoing and pervasive acts of antisemitic
harassment and intimidation at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT). Failing to act decisively to ensure a safe learning environment for all students would be a grave dereliction of your responsibilities as President of MIT and Chair of the MIT Corporation.
This Congress will not stand idly by and allow an environment hostile to Jewish students to persist. The House believes that your institution is in violation of Title VI of the Civil Rights Act, and the inability or
unwillingness to rectify this violation through action requires accountability.
Postsecondary education is a unique opportunity for students to learn and have their ideas and beliefs challenged. However, universities receiving hundreds of millions of federal funds annually have denied
students that opportunity and have been hijacked to become venues for the promotion of terrorism, antisemitic harassment and intimidation, unlawful encampments, and in some cases, assaults and riots.
The House of Representatives will not countenance the use of federal funds to indoctrinate students into hateful, antisemitic, anti-American supporters of terrorism. Investigations into campus antisemitism by the Committee on Education and the Workforce and the Committee on Ways and Means have been expanded into a Congress-wide probe across all relevant jurisdictions to address this national crisis. The undersigned Committees will conduct oversight into the use of federal funds at MIT and its learning environment under authorities granted to each Committee.
• The Committee on Education and the Workforce has been investigating your institution since December 7, 2023. The Committee has broad jurisdiction over postsecondary education, including its compliance with Title VI of the Civil Rights Act, campus safety concerns over disruptions to the learning environment, and the awarding of federal student aid under the Higher Education Act.
• The Committee on Oversight and Accountability is investigating the sources of funding and other support flowing to groups espousing pro-Hamas propaganda and engaged in antisemitic harassment and intimidation of students. The Committee on Oversight and Accountability is the principal oversight committee of the US House of Representatives and has broad authority to investigate “any matter” at “any time” under House Rule X.
• The Committee on Ways and Means has been investigating several universities since November 15, 2023, when the Committee held a hearing entitled From Ivory Towers to Dark Corners: Investigating the Nexus Between Antisemitism, Tax-Exempt Universities, and Terror Financing. The Committee followed the hearing with letters to those institutions on January 10, 202
A Strategic Approach: GenAI in EducationPeter Windle
Artificial Intelligence (AI) technologies such as Generative AI, Image Generators and Large Language Models have had a dramatic impact on teaching, learning and assessment over the past 18 months. The most immediate threat AI posed was to Academic Integrity with Higher Education Institutes (HEIs) focusing their efforts on combating the use of GenAI in assessment. Guidelines were developed for staff and students, policies put in place too. Innovative educators have forged paths in the use of Generative AI for teaching, learning and assessments leading to pockets of transformation springing up across HEIs, often with little or no top-down guidance, support or direction.
This Gasta posits a strategic approach to integrating AI into HEIs to prepare staff, students and the curriculum for an evolving world and workplace. We will highlight the advantages of working with these technologies beyond the realm of teaching, learning and assessment by considering prompt engineering skills, industry impact, curriculum changes, and the need for staff upskilling. In contrast, not engaging strategically with Generative AI poses risks, including falling behind peers, missed opportunities and failing to ensure our graduates remain employable. The rapid evolution of AI technologies necessitates a proactive and strategic approach if we are to remain relevant.
Biological screening of herbal drugs: Introduction and Need for
Phyto-Pharmacological Screening, New Strategies for evaluating
Natural Products, In vitro evaluation techniques for Antioxidants, Antimicrobial and Anticancer drugs. In vivo evaluation techniques
for Anti-inflammatory, Antiulcer, Anticancer, Wound healing, Antidiabetic, Hepatoprotective, Cardio protective, Diuretics and
Antifertility, Toxicity studies as per OECD guidelines
2024.06.01 Introducing a competency framework for languag learning materials ...Sandy Millin
http://sandymillin.wordpress.com/iateflwebinar2024
Published classroom materials form the basis of syllabuses, drive teacher professional development, and have a potentially huge influence on learners, teachers and education systems. All teachers also create their own materials, whether a few sentences on a blackboard, a highly-structured fully-realised online course, or anything in between. Despite this, the knowledge and skills needed to create effective language learning materials are rarely part of teacher training, and are mostly learnt by trial and error.
Knowledge and skills frameworks, generally called competency frameworks, for ELT teachers, trainers and managers have existed for a few years now. However, until I created one for my MA dissertation, there wasn’t one drawing together what we need to know and do to be able to effectively produce language learning materials.
This webinar will introduce you to my framework, highlighting the key competencies I identified from my research. It will also show how anybody involved in language teaching (any language, not just English!), teacher training, managing schools or developing language learning materials can benefit from using the framework.
How to Make a Field invisible in Odoo 17Celine George
It is possible to hide or invisible some fields in odoo. Commonly using “invisible” attribute in the field definition to invisible the fields. This slide will show how to make a field invisible in odoo 17.
Exploiting Artificial Intelligence for Empowering Researchers and Faculty, In...Dr. Vinod Kumar Kanvaria
Exploiting Artificial Intelligence for Empowering Researchers and Faculty,
International FDP on Fundamentals of Research in Social Sciences
at Integral University, Lucknow, 06.06.2024
By Dr. Vinod Kumar Kanvaria
Acetabularia Information For Class 9 .docxvaibhavrinwa19
Acetabularia acetabulum is a single-celled green alga that in its vegetative state is morphologically differentiated into a basal rhizoid and an axially elongated stalk, which bears whorls of branching hairs. The single diploid nucleus resides in the rhizoid.
Synthetic Fiber Construction in lab .pptxPavel ( NSTU)
Synthetic fiber production is a fascinating and complex field that blends chemistry, engineering, and environmental science. By understanding these aspects, students can gain a comprehensive view of synthetic fiber production, its impact on society and the environment, and the potential for future innovations. Synthetic fibers play a crucial role in modern society, impacting various aspects of daily life, industry, and the environment. ynthetic fibers are integral to modern life, offering a range of benefits from cost-effectiveness and versatility to innovative applications and performance characteristics. While they pose environmental challenges, ongoing research and development aim to create more sustainable and eco-friendly alternatives. Understanding the importance of synthetic fibers helps in appreciating their role in the economy, industry, and daily life, while also emphasizing the need for sustainable practices and innovation.
1. The Basic Seven (B7)The Basic Seven (B7)
Tools of QualityTools of Quality
A PowerPoint TrainingA PowerPoint Training
PresentationPresentation
By Keith H. CooperBy Keith H. Cooper
"As much as 95% of quality related problems in the factory can be solved"As much as 95% of quality related problems in the factory can be solved
with seven fundamental quantitative tools." - Kaoru Ishikawawith seven fundamental quantitative tools." - Kaoru Ishikawa
2. What are the BasicWhat are the Basic
Seven Tools of Quality?Seven Tools of Quality?
• Fishbone DiagramsFishbone Diagrams
• HistogramsHistograms
• Pareto AnalysisPareto Analysis
• FlowchartsFlowcharts
• Scatter PlotsScatter Plots
• Run ChartsRun Charts
• Control ChartsControl Charts
3. Where did the BasicWhere did the Basic
Seven come from?Seven come from?
Kaoru IshikawaKaoru Ishikawa
• Known for “Democratizing Statistics”Known for “Democratizing Statistics”
• The Basic Seven Tools made statisticalThe Basic Seven Tools made statistical
analysis less complicated for the averageanalysis less complicated for the average
personperson
• Good Visual Aids make statistical andGood Visual Aids make statistical and
quality control more comprehendible.quality control more comprehendible.
4. The Basic Seven (B7)The Basic Seven (B7)
Tools of QualityTools of Quality
Fishbone DiagramsFishbone Diagrams
• No statistics involvedNo statistics involved
• Maps out a process/problemMaps out a process/problem
• Makes improvement easierMakes improvement easier
• Looks like a “Fish Skeleton”Looks like a “Fish Skeleton”
5. Constructing a FishboneConstructing a Fishbone
DiagramDiagram
• Step 1 - Identify the ProblemStep 1 - Identify the Problem
• Step 2 - Draw “spine” and “bones”Step 2 - Draw “spine” and “bones”
Example:Example: High Inventory Shrinkage at local DrugHigh Inventory Shrinkage at local Drug
StoreStore
Shrinkage
6. Constructing aConstructing a
Fishbone DiagramFishbone Diagram
• Step 3 - Identify different areas whereStep 3 - Identify different areas where
problems may arise fromproblems may arise from
Ex. :Ex. : High Inventory Shrinkage at local Drug StoreHigh Inventory Shrinkage at local Drug Store
Shrinkage
employees
shoplifters
7. Constructing aConstructing a
Fishbone DiagramFishbone Diagram
• Step 4 - Identify what these specificStep 4 - Identify what these specific
causes could becauses could be
Ex. :Ex. : High Inventory Shrinkage at local Drug StoreHigh Inventory Shrinkage at local Drug Store
Shrinkage
shoplifters
Anti-theft tags poorly designed
Expensive merchandise out
in the open
No security/ surveillance
8. Constructing a FishboneConstructing a Fishbone
DiagramDiagram
• Ex. :Ex. : High Inventory Shrinkage at local Drug StoreHigh Inventory Shrinkage at local Drug Store
Shrinkage
shoplifters
Anti-theft tags poorly designed
Expensive merchandise out in the open
No security/ surveillance
employees
attitude
new trainee
training
benefits practices
9. Constructing a FishboneConstructing a Fishbone
DiagramDiagram
• Step 5 – Use the finished diagram toStep 5 – Use the finished diagram to
brainstorm solutions to the main problems.brainstorm solutions to the main problems.
10. The Basic Seven (B7)The Basic Seven (B7)
Tools of QualityTools of Quality
HistogramsHistograms
• Bar chartBar chart
• Used to graphically represent groupsUsed to graphically represent groups
of dataof data
11. ConstructingConstructing a Histograma Histogram
From a set of data computeFrom a set of data compute
• sumsum
• mean (x)mean (x)
• MaxMax
• MinMin
• Range (max-min)Range (max-min)
12. ConstructingConstructing a Histograma Histogram
• Use range to estimate beginningUse range to estimate beginning
and endand end
• Calculate the width of eachCalculate the width of each
column by dividing the range bycolumn by dividing the range by
the number of columnsthe number of columns
Range
# of Columns
= Width
14. Acme Pizza ExampleAcme Pizza Example
Mean = 2.032258Mean = 2.032258
Max = 7Max = 7
Min = 0Min = 0
Range = 7Range = 7
QuestionQuestion
For 7 columns what would the widthFor 7 columns what would the width
be?be?
Range/Columns=7/7=1 slice
16. Constructing a HistogramConstructing a Histogram
How is this helpful to Acme?How is this helpful to Acme?
• 2 slices of pizza most common order2 slices of pizza most common order
placedplaced
• Distribution of sales useful forDistribution of sales useful for
forecasting next Thursday’s lateforecasting next Thursday’s late
night demandnight demand
If you were an Acme manager howIf you were an Acme manager how
could you apply this information?could you apply this information?
17. The Basic Seven (B7)The Basic Seven (B7)
Tools of QualityTools of Quality
Pareto AnalysisPareto Analysis
• Very similar to HistogramsVery similar to Histograms
• Use of the 80/20 ruleUse of the 80/20 rule
• Use of percentages to showUse of percentages to show
importanceimportance
19. Acme Pizza (part 2)Acme Pizza (part 2)
• The completed Pareto Analysis results in theThe completed Pareto Analysis results in the
following graph:following graph:
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
1 2 3 4 5 6 7
Slices of Pizza
#timesordered
2 1 4 3 7 5 6
20. Acme Pizza (part 2)Acme Pizza (part 2)
Critical ThinkingCritical Thinking
• How does the Pareto AnalysisHow does the Pareto Analysis
differ from the Histogram?differ from the Histogram?
• How can this be a useful tool toHow can this be a useful tool to
the Acme boss?the Acme boss?
21. The Basic Seven (B7)The Basic Seven (B7)
Tools of QualityTools of Quality
FlowchartsFlowcharts
• A graphical picture of a PROCESSA graphical picture of a PROCESS
Process Decision
The process flow
22. FlowchartsFlowcharts
Don’t Forget to:Don’t Forget to:
• Define symbols before beginningDefine symbols before beginning
• Stay consistentStay consistent
• Check that process is accurateCheck that process is accurate
23. Acme Pizza ExampleAcme Pizza Example
(Flowchart)(Flowchart)
WindowWindow Take CustomerTake Customer Money?Money?
(start)(start) OrderOrder
Get PizzaGet Pizza
LockupLockup
Put More inPut More in
OvenOven 2 Pies2 Pies
Available?Available?
TimeTime
to close?to close?
Take to CustomerTake to Customer
no
yes
no
yes
no
yes
24. How can we use the flowchart toHow can we use the flowchart to
analyze improvement ideas fromanalyze improvement ideas from
the Histogram?the Histogram?
WindowWindow Take CustomerTake Customer Money?Money?
(start)(start) OrderOrder
Get PizzaGet Pizza
LockupLockup
Put More inPut More in
OvenOven 2 Pies2 Pies
Available?Available?
TimeTime
to close?to close?
Take to CustomerTake to Customer
no
yes
no
yes
no
yes
25. Want some practice?Want some practice?
Make a flowchart for:Make a flowchart for:
• Taking a showerTaking a shower
• Cooking dinnerCooking dinner
• Driving a carDriving a car
• Having a partyHaving a party
• Creating a FlowchartCreating a Flowchart
Any other processes you can think of?Any other processes you can think of?
26. The Basic Seven (B7)The Basic Seven (B7)
Tools of QualityTools of Quality
Scatter PlotsScatter Plots
• 2 Dimensional X/Y plots2 Dimensional X/Y plots
• Used to show relationshipUsed to show relationship
between independent(x) andbetween independent(x) and
dependent(y) variablesdependent(y) variables
27. Acme PizzaAcme Pizza
(Scatter Diagram)(Scatter Diagram)
Minutes CookingMinutes Cooking Defective PiesDefective Pies
1010 11
4545 88
3030 55
7575 2020
6060 1414
2020 44
2525 66
In this simple example, you can find the existingIn this simple example, you can find the existing
relationship without much difficulty but…relationship without much difficulty but…
29. Scatter DiagramsScatter Diagrams
As a quality toolAs a quality tool
• What does this tell AcmeWhat does this tell Acme
management about theirmanagement about their
processes?processes?
• Improvements?Improvements?
0
5
10
15
20
25
0 20 40 60 80
Time Cooking (minutes)
DefectivePizzas
30. The Basic Seven (B7)The Basic Seven (B7)
Tools of QualityTools of Quality
Run chartsRun charts
• Time-based (x-axis)Time-based (x-axis)
• CyclicalCyclical
• Look for patternsLook for patterns
31. Run ChartsRun Charts
8 9 10 11 12 1 2 3 4 8 9 10 11 12 1 2 3 4 8 9 10 11 12 1 2 3 4
PM- AM PM- AM PM- AM
Thursday Thursday Thursday
5101520253035404550556065707580859095100
Slices/hour
Time
32. The Basic Seven (B7)The Basic Seven (B7)
Tools of QualityTools of Quality
Control ChartsControl Charts
• Deviation from MeanDeviation from Mean
• Upper and Lower Spec’sUpper and Lower Spec’s
• RangeRange
34. Control ChartsControl Charts
Acme Pizza Management wants to get
in on the control chart action
•Average Diameter = 16 inches
•Upper Limit = 17 inches
•Lower Limit = 15 inches
35. Acme exampleAcme example
Control ChartsControl Charts
Upper LimitUpper Limit
17 inches17 inches
Lower LimitLower Limit
15 Inches15 Inches
Small Pie
X16 inches=
36. Acme example #50Acme example #50
Control ChartsControl Charts
•Pies within specifications were
acceptable
•One abnormally small pie is
“uncommon”
•Should be examined for quality control
37. SummarySummary
• Basic Seven Tools of QualityBasic Seven Tools of Quality
• Measuring dataMeasuring data
• Quality AnalysisQuality Analysis
• ““Democratized statistics”Democratized statistics”
38. BibliographyBibliography
• Foster, Thomas.Foster, Thomas. Managing Quality. An IntegrativeManaging Quality. An Integrative
ApproachApproach. Upper Saddle River : Prentice Hall,. Upper Saddle River : Prentice Hall, 2001.2001.
• Stevenson, William. “Supercharging Your ParetoStevenson, William. “Supercharging Your Pareto
Analysis.”Analysis.” Quality ProgressQuality Progress October 2000:October 2000:
51-55.51-55.
• ““Dr Kaoru Ishikawa.” InternetDr Kaoru Ishikawa.” Internet
“http://www.dti.gov.uk/mbp/bpgt/m9ja00001/m9j“http://www.dti.gov.uk/mbp/bpgt/m9ja00001/m9j
a0000110.html.” 16 February 2001.a0000110.html.” 16 February 2001.
• ““Chemical and Process Engineering.” Internet.Chemical and Process Engineering.” Internet.
“http://lorien.ncl.ac.uk/ming/spc/spc8.htm.” 17“http://lorien.ncl.ac.uk/ming/spc/spc8.htm.” 17 FebruaryFebruary
2001.2001.
Editor's Notes
Quote taken from http://wit.ksc.nasa.gov/spc/7_tools.cfm
“Democratizing Statistics” refers to the will of Ishikawa to spread Quality control throughout the workplace. The desire to make Quality control comprehendible for all of the workers.
Also known as Ishikawa Diagrams and Cause and Effect Diagrams. By mapping out a company’s problem, new thoughts and ideas can arise to better the situation. Sheds light on situations. Diagrams begin with the problem to be solved in a rectangle.
For the example Diagram, inventory shrinkage was used. This is a measure of the shoplifted, stolen, or broken goods at a store. This is placed in a rectangle at the “head” of the fish.
Here “employees” and “shoplifters” were used as categories that problems may have come from. In other examples, it is acceptable to use Machines, Materials, Methods, and People as general categories(These are from Foster, see bibliography). These should encompass all aspects of the business.
The brainstorming process should continue until every angle is covered. Keeping asking for examples until no more exist. According to Foster, 5 causes should be enough for most categories.
With the completion of the diagram, several points have been made about inventory shrinkage’s possible sources. These may or may not have been obvious to management before this brainstorming process occurred.
At this time, you can go back to the previous slide and brainstorm with the class about solutions to these problems, or other causes. This is the utility of the Cause-and-Effect Diagram. Moving expensive merchandise behind the counters and educating employees to their perks may be some solutions to this problem.
Histograms are used to show the different frequencies in a process. It is useful for identifying trends and relationships that can lead to quality improvements.
These numbers represent the customers order at the order window at the pizza store. For example, the first customer didn’t order any pizza, the second ordered 2 slices, the third ordered 1 and so on. It should be noticed that the highest order was 7 slices and the lowest was 0. This is used to find the range which is used to find the column width for the histogram.
With this information computed, all that is left to do is chart the histogram.
Helpful in showing orders frequencies and variation.
Most common types of orders placed is valuable information. Knowing that the average customer will order 2 slices of pizza can be implemented into Acme’s strategic plan. By taking at least 2 slices up to the window at peak hours, this can improve Acme’s customer service and speed. It makes the line move much faster making the perceived quality higher for the customer.
Vilfredo Pareto (1848-1923) originated the 80/20 Rule, which states that 80% of the problems comes from only 20% of the causes. Pareto Analysis is very similar to Histograms but it incorporates this theory into it. Pareto Analysis adds weight to the most frequently occurring things.
The % column represents the slices percentage of total frequency. This dictates the order of the Pareto diagram which is always scaled according to size.
This sheds light on the most frequently ordered quantities. It is also common to plot percentages on the same graph.
Answer #1: The Pareto Analysis Shows percentages. Is ordered to reflect frequency of occurrences. Answer #2: Helps identify trends. Useful for quality improvements and planning processes.
The rectangle, diamond and line are the standard symbols for flowcharts. There can be extra/different symbols depending on the process/business. The important thing is that it is consistent and maps out the process efficiently. Once flowcharts are effectively drawn they can shed light on possible problems or improvements.
Acme’s flowchart
Answer: Since we know that 2 slices is the most common order we could possibly add a step between Time to close and take customer order. If we brought two slices up to the window during peak hours this would quicken service. There are multiple improvements that can be made on the process. The class can brainstorm on ways of improving this flowchart. Note that a decision must be made at each triangle before the next step can begin.
Scatter plots take place on an X and Y graph. Whichever variable is on the bottom should be the dependent variable. This means that the Y variable changes according to changes in X. In the upcoming example, Minutes cooking the pizza’s will directly affect the number of defective pies that are produced. Scatter plots are useful for finding direct or indirect relationships which can then be used to analyze/improve quality.
This is meant to show the data. It isn’t too difficult for students to see that there is a direct relationship between Minutes cooking and defects. But the Scatter Plot will make this easier to see.
There is a direct relationship between time spent cooking by employees and defects. As Time cooking increases, so does the amount of defects.
Answer: There is obviously some kind of process problem with the number of defective pies being produced. Maybe the cooks are getting sloppy from working too fast. Or maybe morale is low and there is just apathetic work being done. Whatever the case, if this was actually happening, quality improvements would have to be studied and implemented.
Run Charts are used to plot data based on time. It’s very useful for identifying trends and cycles. The X-axis is usually the time element and the y axis is the process to be tracked. The following slide shows another Acme example that should make this easy to understand.
Ask the class what trends they can identify. Week 2’s Thursday was a rainy day. Business Peaks between 1 and 3 each night so this is very valuable information to the management. Also with the exception of the rainy day, business seems to increase with warmer weather. Have the class come up with any other trends they can see or ideas to help improve quality based on this information. Such as higher staffing between 1 and 3 or higher inventory levels/preparation etc.
Control charts are a means of regulating a process. It tracks the output of a process and its conformance to the company’s standards. As long as the process stays within the upper and lower limits then the process is “safe” and normal. Any observations made outside of the limits are irregular and problematic. They need to be immediately researched to improve quality. A process that consistently stays “safe” is a good quality process.
X= mean The majority of observations have fallen close the average. The one that’s under the lower limit is irregular, it needs to be examined and fixed.
The average Diameter can be calculated by taking the average of a sample number of pizzas. As long as the sample’s average is close enough to 16 inches to satisfy management (ex. Within +/- .01 inches) then the average can be said to be 16 inches. Then from that management can decide what is the biggest/smallest allowable pies that are acceptable.
Monitoring the pizza process, this example shows how almost every pie is within specifications. The process should be analyzed to discover why the one small pie was produced and corrected to improve quality.
Once the process is fixed the Control Chart continues to flow, any further abnormalities also need to be studied and fixed.
All of these tools together can provide great process tracking and analysis that can be very helpful for quality improvements. These tools make quality improvements easier to see, implement and track.