Quality : Concept & Overview for Construction Projects.
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Quality : Setting, Planning, Assurance ,Control Management, Totality and Experience Sharing on Construction Project
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Quality : Concept & Overview for Construction Projects.
- 1. 4/21/2021 Concept & Overview of Quality & Quality Management for Construction Project By: Er. Sanjay K Mishra (MSG, SDEr SDEr. S K Mishra / MSc-Geotechnical Engineering 1
- 2. Outline of Discussion Quality: Understanding of quality. Need of Quality. Cost of Quality. Total Quality Management Quality Management System. Quality Plan Quality Baseline : Specification/Special Provision / Norms & Standards. Quality Assurance : QAP Quality Control Lab Test & Quality Judgement. Experience Sharing Conclusive Remarks 4/21/2021 SDEr. S K Mishra / MSc-Geotechnical Engineering 2
- 3. Understand quality before you measure 4/21/2021 SDEr. S K Mishra / MSc-Geotechnical Engineering 3 I need a quality cell phone, which one should I select? : Example: Pre-desire: Client or Consultant • Samsung Galaxy S20 Plus Ultra • Realme Note 9 Pro Max • IPhone 11 • Nokia 1100 Conditions: Client • It should be brand new. • It should be delivered in 2Hrs. • I will not pay more than NRs.3000. Agreement : Contractor/Supplier • agrees to deliver product at client’s condition. Quality Assurance : Supplier • Shall be brand new • Shall be delivered within 2Hrs • No of phone – 1. Quality Control : Client/Advisor • Yeah, Its brand new. • Yeah, Its delivered in time. • Go ahead pay for 1 cellphone. Client : Where is my earphone? Supplier : What is that? Is it in agreement? Level of Quality ? Clarity of Guarantee ?
- 4. Viewport of Quality Personal: “Will to Pay Vs. Choice” Live Budget fluctuation. Quality choice vary anytime. Type/Design/Model/Brand/Spec may changes any/every time. Public Procurement: “Clearly Written & Agreed Spec”. Fixed Budget. Fixed condition, i.e. type/design/spec/Quantity?. Repeated works, Spec = Standard Specification. Non-repeated works = Specification. If different, - Special Provision. 4/21/2021 SDEr. S K Mishra / MSc-Geotechnical Engineering 4
- 5. 5 Quality, Q = Achievement/Expectation Quality may be defined as Fixing of the required standard by the parties involved and meeting the standards to satisfy the customer at agreed price within time limit at all stages. Degree to which test result match specification requirement. Compliance to pre-defined need of those who pays for it. Quality acceptance depends: Standard Quality – Must Accept. Sub-Standard Quality (Accept or Reject if not in tolerance?, pay less /full? - REJECT) Non-Standard Quality : Reject/Unpaid & redo with compensational time. 4/21/2021 SDEr. S K Mishra / MSc-Geotechnical Engineering
- 6. VARIOUS DEFINITIONS “Degree of Conformance” The degree to which a specific product confirms to a design or specification. “Customer preference match” The degree to which a specific product is preferred over competing products based on comparative tests by customers. “Totality of characteristics to satisfy clients need” Appearance, Performance, Life span, Dependability, Reliability, Durability, Maintainability, Test Compliance etc. EXPERT DEFINITIONS: Crosbey : Quality can be defined as ‘Conformance to requirements’ Dale H. Besterfield: Quality product is the one that fulfills customer’s expectations. Paul Channon: Good design, reliable performance, prompt delivery - meeting on customers’ expectations in full – at a competitive price. Ove Arup Partners, UK: Conformance to the requirements setout in drawing and specifications. Cough and Hogg: Compliance with clients’ requirements. J.M. Juran : Meaning of Quality: Fitness for use by the customer. 4/21/2021 SDEr. S K Mishra / MSc-Geotechnical Engineering 6
- 7. Need of Quality: 4/21/2021 SDEr. S K Mishra / MSc-Geotechnical Engineering 7 Why is Quality Needed? Function Reliability Aesthetic Character Preservice (Feeling Safe) Legal Best Value Economy Durable
- 8. Cost of Quality 4/21/2021 SDEr. S K Mishra / MSc-Geotechnical Engineering 8 Min. Cost of Quality
- 9. 9 Total Quality Management Total quality Management (TQM) is an operating philosophy that seek to make continuous improvements throughout an organization or work by improving and motivating staff at all levels. Continuous improvement is a fundamental tenet of the TQM philosophy. 4/21/2021 SDEr. S K Mishra / MSc-Geotechnical Engineering
- 10. TQM Core Team Work 3C Client/Contractor/Consultant Continuous Improvement PDCA Cycle Total Involvement All Party Administrator/Social/Financer/Others All Stage Planning/Design/Construction/ Maintenance/Sustainable Use 4/21/2021 SDEr. S K Mishra / MSc-Geotechnical Engineering 10
- 11. Quality Management System Quality Planning Do the Right Things Client/Designer Quality Assurance Do things Right Contractor Quality Control Done the Right things Right Lab/Consultant/Contractor 4/21/2021 SDEr. S K Mishra / MSc-Geotechnical Engineering 11 Contractor Guarantee QAP Contractual Proposal/Condition. Special Provision Standard Specification Test Result Tolerance Acceptance Reject Compensate Or Reject Accept •Doesn't meet Standards •Doesn’t fulfil requirement •Beyond tolerance •Fulfil Requirement •Meets Standard •Within Tolerance Manage Assure Control Test
- 12. Quality Plan A quality plan should embrace: Clear (short/long term) objectives. Specific allocation of responsibilities and authority along phases of the project. Methodology Statement, Workmanship. Testing, Inspection & Audit along stages. Method of modification for the quality plan as the project proceeds. Other measures necessary to meet objectives. Q Policy Q Methodology Q Q Workmanship Q Instruction
- 13. Requirement of Quality Achievement Knowledge • Minimum Degree • Self Study Skill • Testing Skill • Practical Skill Attitude • Willingness to Do • Sharing 4/21/2021 SDEr. S K Mishra / MSc-Geotechnical Engineering 13
- 14. Achieve Quality – PDCA Cycle 4/21/2021 SDEr. S K Mishra / MSc-Geotechnical Engineering 14
- 15. PDCA - Cycle 4/21/2021 SDEr. S K Mishra / MSc-Geotechnical Engineering 15
- 16. Quality Baseline : Specification/Special Provision / Norms & Standards. Special Provision : Conditions/Level of quality beyond or different from that in Standard Specification. Ex. TRIP Projects. Specification : Working Norms : Standards: Referenced by Standard Specification or accepted practice. NS, IS (IRC/SP),AASTHO,BS International Practice. Engineer’s Judgement 4/21/2021 SDEr. S K Mishra / MSc-Geotechnical Engineering 16
- 17. Specification: A specification often refers to a set of documented requirements to be satisfied by a material, design, product, or service.[1] A specification is often a type of technical standard. There are different types of technical or engineering specifications (specs), and the term is used differently in different technical contexts. They often refer to particular documents, and/or particular information within them. The word specification is broadly defined as "to state explicitly or in detail" or "to be specific". Specification is Part of Agreement. Why we use Standard specification? 4/21/2021 SDEr. S K Mishra / MSc-Geotechnical Engineering 17
- 18. Type of Specification: 4/21/2021 SDEr. S K Mishra / MSc-Geotechnical Engineering 18 Specification Performance Specifications The focus is on the project outcome, indicating how the final project must be able to function. Prescriptive Specifications General provisions: standards Execution procedures: procedure & effectiveness Required products: performance Proprietary Specifications one specific product be used Open Specification does not limit competition Closed Specification matching a specification to an existing
- 19. Specification we use: 4/21/2021 SDEr. S K Mishra / MSc-Geotechnical Engineering 19 • MoRTH Spec • IRC, SP • NS • IS Codes • ASTM • AASTHO
- 20. Quality Assurance (QA) BS 5750 defines QA as “ All those planned and systematic actions necessary to provide quality”. QA is a predetermined, logical, procedural approach to work. Q A is a “good thing” It has potential for introducing Improved methods of management Clear definitions of responsibilities Explicit working methods It can satisfy the client even before implementation That system is safe That he will get Q product 20
- 21. S. N. ACTIVITY CLIENT CONSULTANT CONTRACTOR 1. SELECT QUALITY OBJECTIVES 1 1 1 2. DEFINE ACTIVITIES AFFECTING QUALITY 2 3 3 3. ESTABLISH DESIGN CRITERIA 3 4. SPECIFY QUALITY STANDARDS 2 3 5. PREPARE QUALITY ASSURANCE MANUAL 1 3 3 6. PREPARE QUALITY CONTROL PROCEDURES 2 3 7. SELECT EQUIPMENT 2 3 8. PREPARE CONSTRUCTION METHOD STATEMENTS 2 3 9. SETTING OUT WORK 2 3 10. SELECTION OF MATERIALS TO BE INCORPORATED IN WORKS 2 3 11. EVOLVE MIX DESIGNS FOR BITUMINOUS AND CONCRETE MIXTURES 2 3 12. APPROVE MIX DESIGN AND JOB MIX FORMULA 2 13. SET UP LABORATORY AND TESTING FACILITIES 2 3 14. SPECIFY SAMPLING PLANS 15. CARRY OUT CONSTRUCTION OPERATIONS 3 16. INSPECT WORKS IN PROGRESS 1 17. CARRY OUT QUALITY CONTROL TESTS 1 1 18. MONITOR AND EVALUATE QUALITY TRENDS 1 1 19. ACCEPT WORK IN PROGRESS 1 20. REJECT WORK IN PROGRESS 1 21. CARRYOUT CORRECTIVE MEASURES 2 3 22. ACCEPT COMPLETED WORK 1 1 Role played by 3C parties in quality assurance KEY: JOINT RESPONSIBILITY-1 APPROVAL RESPONSIBILITY- 2 PRIMARY RESPONSIBILITY-3
- 22. 22 Quality Assurance Plan (QAP) A quality assurance plan is a document, prepared by the project team, meant to ensure the final products are of the upmost quality. “Responsibility of Contractor” Quality Assurance Plan Answer of : Who – When – Where - What & How. Guarantee of Quality by contractor. Condition of Payment by client. Q = Achievement/Assurance • Is it within acceptable tolerance • Accept or Reject • (Test has no relation with Payment).
- 23. Quality Assurance Plan: 4/21/2021 SDEr. S K Mishra / MSc-Geotechnical Engineering 23 Item Selected Tests Frequency Requirement Standard • Role & Responsibility of involved staff. Management Chart • Presence/Procedure/Volume/Seal Sampling • Source/Field/Inhouse Lab /Outer Lab. Lab Setup / Outsourcing • Lab taff/Client/Contractor. Presence • Lab In-charge (Head) Certification
- 24. 24 Quality Control: Quality control in construction typically involves insuring compliance with minimum standards of material and workmanship in order to insure the performance of the facility according to the design. 4/21/2021 SDEr. S K Mishra / MSc-Geotechnical Engineering Inspection Visual Mechanical Sampling Source Site Testing Compliance Process Control Acceptance Modification May Require or not May be possible or not Acceptance Standard - YES Substandard - Decide Not Standard - NO Spec Upper Tolerance Limit….. QAP Q-Value Lower Tolerance Limit Accepting Sub-Standard work is recommending to do so again & again.
- 25. Quality Assurance vs. Quality Control
- 26. Lab Setup & Equipment's: 4/21/2021 SDEr. S K Mishra / MSc-Geotechnical Engineering 26 Lab Space : Sufficient for Office/Testing/Equipment/Store. Quality Control Staff : Depends upon Project/Lab/Site Testing Equipment : Refer Lab Manual for proposed tests. Actual Cost of Testing : Lab Revenue Rule + Sampling & Handling Charge (Optional). Established MT Lab Equipment: Project Office Lab Equipment: Site Lab Equipment
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Location of DoR Maintenance Divisions # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # ## # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # ## # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # Kailali Doti Bajhang Bajura Darchula Achham Baitadi Kanchanpur Dadeldhura Doti Division Baitadi Division Mahendra Nagar Division Far Western Region # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # Dolpa Humla Mugu Dang Rukum Jumla Rolpa Surkhet Banke Salyan Jajarkot Bardiya Kalikot Dailekh Pyuthan Surkhet Division Nepalgunj Division Dang Division Devisthan Division Mid West Region # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # ## 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# # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # ## # # # # ## # ## # # # # # # # ## # # # # # # # # # # # # ## # # # # # # # # # ## # # # # # ## # # # # # # # # # # # # # # Jhapa Division Ilam Division Morang Division Dhankuta Division Lahan Division Eastern Region
- 28. Lab Tests Before Construction – Source Acceptance/Ingredient Suitability. During Construction – Effort for Quality Procedure. Post Construction – Test for Quality of Product. 4/21/2021 SDEr. S K Mishra / MSc-Geotechnical Engineering 28 https://dor.gov.np/home/publication/ma nual-of-standard-tests/force/manual-of- standard-tests Material Used Tests of Material • Ingredient Material? • Trial Functioning.? • Material Processing? • Output Material State in QAP • Minimum Test • Frequency • Expected range of result?
- 29. Quality Test: 4/21/2021 SDEr. S K Mishra / MSc-Geotechnical Engineering 29 Compliance Tests Trial Test/Section Control Tests Acceptance Test SSRBW -2073, Section 500 Reject Accept
- 30. Manual & Guidelines 4/21/2021 SDEr. S K Mishra / MSc-Geotechnical Engineering 30 Type of Material Purpose of Test List of Tests for Materials Lab Setup/Equipment Required Procedure of Test Calculation Format Certification
- 31. Construction Materials: 4/21/2021 SDEr. S K Mishra / MSc-Geotechnical Engineering 31 Common Construction Materials Earthwork Gravel/Aggregate/Sand/Dust Stone/Boulder/Rock/Brick Cement Concrete. Lime Related Materials Reinforcement Bars/Tendons/Structural Steels. Bituminous Product. Gabion Box/Wire. Painting Materials Timber Products. Geo-synthetic Materials. – Geotextile/Geo-grid/Geo-plastic etc. Bio-Engineering Polythene Pipes Hume pipes ETC……
- 32. Lab Certificate: Quality or Formality? • Who, When, Method, Seal Sample • Calibration Lab Authentication • Date of Casting, Sampling, Testing, Reporting. Timeline • Temperature, Humidity etc. Environment Method Used • Calculation/Graph Calculation Result • Signature, Ref No.(Darta/Chalani) Date? Certification • Lab Staff Condition? Remarks • Checked/Approved By or Modification, Recommendation, Acceptance. Engineer’s Judgement? 4/21/2021 SDEr. S K Mishra / MSc-Geotechnical Engineering 32
- 33. Experience Sharing 4/21/2021 SDEr. S K Mishra / MSc-Geotechnical Engineering 33 Site Diary,Quality Checklist & Note? Who drive the project ? – PM or CM Joint Construction Report? QAP – Mostly Unavailable Work Schedule Vs Real Work Availability of Q-Material & Lead Control by thrill not by will Contractor’s Over Confidence & Avoidance Alternative Solution? Spec/Design Change? Performance after Acceptance? As Built Drawing?
- 34. Bridge Work Avoidance in Layout. Avoidance of Technical Supervision. Small contractor don’t assign their engineer & are unrecorded. No care for upcoming issue : Bridge Approach, Boarder issue. Pile Concrete Log, Proper Depth Check, Tremi pipe record mostly missing. Concrete cover in pile side and bottom? Test for acceptance not for payment. Less recoded flow of letter, No site register, OHS & Traffic Diversion safety is obsolete. Round Vs Crushed Aggregate issue, Soil in Sand. Mix design/Re-mix concrete ratio by PDCA Cycle. Don’t know they don’t know. Traditional Approach. Less study for verification. Root cause and function analysis for genuine priority of Q-Factor. 4/21/2021 SDEr. S K Mishra / MSc-Geotechnical Engineering 34
- 35. Problem Avoidance. Quality issue is common in Pile /Well Cap. Less depth pile paid as per PIT. Common Issues: Gabion box in river training. Formwork/Falsework. – Earthfill height Vs shoring. Honycomb and Workmanship. Subgrade/Subbase quantity/Compaction. VO & EoT culture. Concrete mix & WC ratio. RMC Concrete Setting time. Ignorance for less financially weightage item’s final touch. Hesitation to ask. 4/21/2021 SDEr. S K Mishra / MSc-Geotechnical Engineering 35
- 36. Road Works Center of Alignment ? Joint Construction? Metal Road or Iron Road. : (Traffic=2VPD, Estimate: Asphalt Concrete Pavement). Flexible Pavement or Undulating Road. (Weak Subgrade Vs Quality Surfacing). Best value for money.(Solve problem don’t implement best you know). Too much/Less quality – Loss to GoN/Contractor – Crash of Economy/Industry. Alternative option if material rarely available, LAA<10 = Design Review? M25 mix gives 50 MPa strength – Too Good but Expensive – redo Mix Design and manage ratio for upper tolerance. Subbase/Base Gradation fails : Add what range is missing. 4/21/2021 SDEr. S K Mishra / MSc-Geotechnical Engineering 36 Smart Contractor Speeds the work : Smarter Engineer had Q-control.
- 37. Conclusive Remarks Level of quality for requirement for best value for money. “Kill your thrill & Enlarge your will” for continuous Quality improvement. “Share your Dare to Care your Risk”. Quality is most when in time within cost. Test is for Accept or Reject not for payment formality. QA – Do it Mandatorily QC – Prime role of Sub-Engineers. Think for TQM, Do for QMS, QA is Syllabus but QC is Final Result. Think like Dr. of non living thing, Prescribe the test, judge & decide. Quality for Best value & Sustainability not for Formality. Don’t Escape steps you know. 4/21/2021 SDEr. S K Mishra / MSc-Geotechnical Engineering 37
- 38. Quality Study ! Version 1.2 To be continued……. 4/21/2021 SDEr. S K Mishra / MSc-Geotechnical Engineering 38 Any Question? – ……………..…………..