Quality by Design is the modern approach for quality of pharmaceuticals. This paper gives idea about the Pharmaceutical Quality by Design QbD and describes use of Quality by Design to ensure quality of Pharmaceuticals. The Quality by Design is described and some of its elements identified. Process parameters and quality attributes are identified for each unit operation. Benefits, opportunities and steps involved in Quality by Design of Pharmaceutical products are described. The aim of the pharmaceutical development is to design a quality product and its manufacturing process to consistently deliver the intended performance of the product. Quality cannot be tested into products but quality should be built in by design. It includes the Quality target product profile, critical quality attributes and key aspects of Quality by Design. It also gives comparison between product quality by end product testing and product quality by Quality by Design. The foundation of Quality by Design is ICH Guidelines. It is based on the ICH Guidelines Q8 for pharmaceutical development, Q9 for quality risk management, Q10 for pharmaceutical quality systems. It also gives application of Quality by Design in pharmaceutical development and manufacturing of pharmaceuticals. Mr. Rajesh Dumpala | Ms. Jaini Bhavsar | Mr. Chirag Patil "Quality by Design: A Present to Future Perspective" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-4 | Issue-5 , August 2020, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd32985.pdf Paper Url :https://www.ijtsrd.com/pharmacy/pharmaceutics/32985/quality-by-design-a-present-to-future-perspective/mr-rajesh-dumpala
Pharmaceutical Quality by Design (QBD) is a concept introduced by the International Conference on Harmonization (ICH) Q8 guideline, as a systematic approach to development that begins with predetermined objectives and emphasizes the understanding of production and processes and process control, based on sound science and quality risk management.
The basic concept of QBD is “The Quality cannot be tested into the product, but it should be built into it.”
QBD Quality by design for Immediate release dosage formKushal Saha
Traditional approach of formulating a new drug product is an exhaustive task and involves a number of resources like man, money, time and experimental efforts. While, using this Quality by Design (QBD) approach one can get the pharmaceutical product of desired (best) quality with minimizing above resources as well as knowing the influence of one factor over the desired associated process. Hence aim of this study is the understanding of QBD approach to design product and manufacturing process to get desired pharmaceutical product. QBD follows the concepts of ICH guidelines (Q8, Q9 & Q10) which are essential for processing a pharmaceutical process. In this presentation we are going to focus upon QBD for immediate release dosage forms.
Pharmaceutical Quality by Design (QBD) is a concept introduced by the International Conference on Harmonization (ICH) Q8 guideline, as a systematic approach to development that begins with predetermined objectives and emphasizes the understanding of production and processes and process control, based on sound science and quality risk management.
The basic concept of QBD is “The Quality cannot be tested into the product, but it should be built into it.”
QBD Quality by design for Immediate release dosage formKushal Saha
Traditional approach of formulating a new drug product is an exhaustive task and involves a number of resources like man, money, time and experimental efforts. While, using this Quality by Design (QBD) approach one can get the pharmaceutical product of desired (best) quality with minimizing above resources as well as knowing the influence of one factor over the desired associated process. Hence aim of this study is the understanding of QBD approach to design product and manufacturing process to get desired pharmaceutical product. QBD follows the concepts of ICH guidelines (Q8, Q9 & Q10) which are essential for processing a pharmaceutical process. In this presentation we are going to focus upon QBD for immediate release dosage forms.
Hi, I'm Presents a Research article for Journal club entitled with
"3D Printing: A Case of ZipDose® Technology –World’s First 3D Printing Platform to Obtain FDA Approval for a Pharmaceutical Product"
Reference (Source article):
1. West, Thomas & Bradbury, Thomas. (2018). 3D Printing: A Case of ZipDose® Technology - World's First 3D Printing Platform to Obtain FDA Approval for a Pharmaceutical Product: Process Engineering and Additive Manufacturing. https://doi.org/10.1002/9783527813704...
2. https://www.aprecia.com/technology/zipdose
Pharmaceutical industry is constantly looking for ways to ensure and enhance product safety, quality and efficacy. However, drug recalls,
manufacturing failure cost, scale up issues and regulatory burden in recent past suggest otherwise. In traditional quality by testing (QbT) approach, the product quality and performance are predominantly ensured by end product testing, with limited understanding of the process and critical process parameters. Regulatory bodies are therefore focusing on implementing quality by design (QbD), a science based approach that improves
process understanding by reducing process variation and the enabling process-control strategies. In this regards, pharmaceutical industry is currently undergoing a significant transformation to streamline their R&D process, provide greater manufacturing flexibility and control, and to reduce regulatory burden. However, there is limited understanding and major concerns regarding the implementation of QbD principles in the
pharmaceutical arena. The objective of this review article is therefore to provide a comprehensive understanding on various aspects of QbD, along with addressing the concerns related to its implementation.
The benefits of applying the QbD principles in the pharmaceutical industry have been well advertised. Most important are the direct benefits to our primary customer; the patient. Per Janet Woodcock M.D. Director, Center for Drug Evaluation and Research (CDER), Food and Drug Administration “All products are designed and developed to be of high quality; QbD provides a structured framework for developing, documenting and presenting development rationale, experience and knowledge of the formulation and the process, and to ensure manufacture of products consistently fit for patient use.” Application of these principles can also benefit the pharmaceutical companies by improving manufacturing efficiency and promoting innovation. However, implementing these principles into the pharmaceutical development culture can be challenging. QbD involves a complex set of interactions, technologies and systems that are not easy to grasp. This presentation will explain the main principles behind a QbD approach and provide guidelines in how to implement the concepts into a pharmaceutical development organization.
The pharmaceutical Quality by Design (QbD) is a systematic approach to development that begins with predefined objectives and emphasizes product and process understanding and process control, based on sound science and quality risk management.
“Current Approach of Quality by Design” An Overviewijtsrd
In this Analysis, well look at how QbD is being practised right now. QbD represents a cutting edge methodology for enhancing the safety and efficacy of pharmaceuticals. Quality by Design QbD is a relatively new idea in the pharmaceutical industry, but it has quickly become an integral aspect of the current approach to quality. Quality by Design relies on the ICH Guidelines as its basis. Guidelines Q8 for Pharmaceutical Development, Q9 for Quality Risk Management, and Q10 for Pharmaceutical Quality Systems from the International Council for Harmonization ICH served as inspiration for this document. QbD is the most effective method now available for improving the quality of all pharmaceutical goods, but it poses a significant problem for the pharmaceutical business, whose procedures are traditionally static. Eventually, despite inevitable process and material variation, It is crucial to establish the desired product performance profile Target product Profile TPP , Target Product Quality Profile TPQP and to pinpoint the attributes of quality that are most important to the products success throughout the QbD process CQA . We may then use this information to tailor the products composition and production method to those characteristics. This results in the identification and management of sources of variability and an understanding of the effect of raw materials critical material attributes CMA and critical process parameters CPP on critical quality attributes CQAs . To which the process and technique of development must have access. Quality by Design QbD encompasses the processes of drug development and manufacturing. that guarantees the product meets the standards set out in advance. R. Kavi Bharathi | R. Sanil Kumar | Shantaram Nangude "“Current Approach of Quality by Design” An Overview" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-7 | Issue-1 , February 2023, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd53873.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/pharmacy/other/53873/“current-approach-of-quality-by-design”-an-overview/r-kavi-bharathi
“LET US KNOW ABOUT QUALITY BY DESIGN IN PHARMACEUTICAL INDUSTRY”Rajatmishra137
The Impression of Quality by configuration protects by demonstrating that quality is simply not a demonstration, yet it is a propensity. As of late Quality by structure (QbD) has increased a lot of consideration among the pharmaceutical business in extremely short course of time . It goes about as a connection between the business and medication administrative specialists for example (FDA), which is predominantly founded on logical, chance based, all encompassing and proactive methodology for advancement of pharmaceutical item. QbD has helped in making the new detailing, and furthermore the structuring of new method of medication conveyance, just as the better approaches for assembling procedure, and attempts to guarantee the predefined quality items . Key attributes of QbD are that it gives an apparatus to centered and effective medication improvement. It is pertinent to diagnostic strategies. Key components of the Quality by configuration are The Quality Target Product Profile (QTPP), Critical Quality Attributes (CAQ), Design space, Control procedure, lifecycle the executives . Use of value by configuration is in different new looks into dependent on HPLC technique, and we give quit estimation of medication conveyance as indicated by the patients BMR , additionally in Quality by Design in Biopharmaceuticals .
Hi, I'm Presents a Research article for Journal club entitled with
"3D Printing: A Case of ZipDose® Technology –World’s First 3D Printing Platform to Obtain FDA Approval for a Pharmaceutical Product"
Reference (Source article):
1. West, Thomas & Bradbury, Thomas. (2018). 3D Printing: A Case of ZipDose® Technology - World's First 3D Printing Platform to Obtain FDA Approval for a Pharmaceutical Product: Process Engineering and Additive Manufacturing. https://doi.org/10.1002/9783527813704...
2. https://www.aprecia.com/technology/zipdose
Pharmaceutical industry is constantly looking for ways to ensure and enhance product safety, quality and efficacy. However, drug recalls,
manufacturing failure cost, scale up issues and regulatory burden in recent past suggest otherwise. In traditional quality by testing (QbT) approach, the product quality and performance are predominantly ensured by end product testing, with limited understanding of the process and critical process parameters. Regulatory bodies are therefore focusing on implementing quality by design (QbD), a science based approach that improves
process understanding by reducing process variation and the enabling process-control strategies. In this regards, pharmaceutical industry is currently undergoing a significant transformation to streamline their R&D process, provide greater manufacturing flexibility and control, and to reduce regulatory burden. However, there is limited understanding and major concerns regarding the implementation of QbD principles in the
pharmaceutical arena. The objective of this review article is therefore to provide a comprehensive understanding on various aspects of QbD, along with addressing the concerns related to its implementation.
The benefits of applying the QbD principles in the pharmaceutical industry have been well advertised. Most important are the direct benefits to our primary customer; the patient. Per Janet Woodcock M.D. Director, Center for Drug Evaluation and Research (CDER), Food and Drug Administration “All products are designed and developed to be of high quality; QbD provides a structured framework for developing, documenting and presenting development rationale, experience and knowledge of the formulation and the process, and to ensure manufacture of products consistently fit for patient use.” Application of these principles can also benefit the pharmaceutical companies by improving manufacturing efficiency and promoting innovation. However, implementing these principles into the pharmaceutical development culture can be challenging. QbD involves a complex set of interactions, technologies and systems that are not easy to grasp. This presentation will explain the main principles behind a QbD approach and provide guidelines in how to implement the concepts into a pharmaceutical development organization.
The pharmaceutical Quality by Design (QbD) is a systematic approach to development that begins with predefined objectives and emphasizes product and process understanding and process control, based on sound science and quality risk management.
“Current Approach of Quality by Design” An Overviewijtsrd
In this Analysis, well look at how QbD is being practised right now. QbD represents a cutting edge methodology for enhancing the safety and efficacy of pharmaceuticals. Quality by Design QbD is a relatively new idea in the pharmaceutical industry, but it has quickly become an integral aspect of the current approach to quality. Quality by Design relies on the ICH Guidelines as its basis. Guidelines Q8 for Pharmaceutical Development, Q9 for Quality Risk Management, and Q10 for Pharmaceutical Quality Systems from the International Council for Harmonization ICH served as inspiration for this document. QbD is the most effective method now available for improving the quality of all pharmaceutical goods, but it poses a significant problem for the pharmaceutical business, whose procedures are traditionally static. Eventually, despite inevitable process and material variation, It is crucial to establish the desired product performance profile Target product Profile TPP , Target Product Quality Profile TPQP and to pinpoint the attributes of quality that are most important to the products success throughout the QbD process CQA . We may then use this information to tailor the products composition and production method to those characteristics. This results in the identification and management of sources of variability and an understanding of the effect of raw materials critical material attributes CMA and critical process parameters CPP on critical quality attributes CQAs . To which the process and technique of development must have access. Quality by Design QbD encompasses the processes of drug development and manufacturing. that guarantees the product meets the standards set out in advance. R. Kavi Bharathi | R. Sanil Kumar | Shantaram Nangude "“Current Approach of Quality by Design” An Overview" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-7 | Issue-1 , February 2023, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd53873.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/pharmacy/other/53873/“current-approach-of-quality-by-design”-an-overview/r-kavi-bharathi
“LET US KNOW ABOUT QUALITY BY DESIGN IN PHARMACEUTICAL INDUSTRY”Rajatmishra137
The Impression of Quality by configuration protects by demonstrating that quality is simply not a demonstration, yet it is a propensity. As of late Quality by structure (QbD) has increased a lot of consideration among the pharmaceutical business in extremely short course of time . It goes about as a connection between the business and medication administrative specialists for example (FDA), which is predominantly founded on logical, chance based, all encompassing and proactive methodology for advancement of pharmaceutical item. QbD has helped in making the new detailing, and furthermore the structuring of new method of medication conveyance, just as the better approaches for assembling procedure, and attempts to guarantee the predefined quality items . Key attributes of QbD are that it gives an apparatus to centered and effective medication improvement. It is pertinent to diagnostic strategies. Key components of the Quality by configuration are The Quality Target Product Profile (QTPP), Critical Quality Attributes (CAQ), Design space, Control procedure, lifecycle the executives . Use of value by configuration is in different new looks into dependent on HPLC technique, and we give quit estimation of medication conveyance as indicated by the patients BMR , additionally in Quality by Design in Biopharmaceuticals .
Analytical Quality by Design Concise Review on Approach to Enhanced Analytica...ijtsrd
In the last few decades, the pharmaceutical industry has been rapidly progressing by focussing on various aspects of formulation and analytical development such as product Quality, Safety, and Efficacy. It is reflected through the increase in number of product development by the increased use of scientific tools such as QbD Quality by Design and PAT Process Analytical Technology . ICH guidelines Q8 to Q11 have specified QbD implementation in API synthetic process and also in formulation as well as analytical development. QbD has earned considerable reputation by formulation developers. It has enhanced the inculcation of scientific outlook and assessment of risks at an early stage. In this review, we have focussed on the implementation AQbD for API synthetic process and analytical methods development. AQbD key tools are identification of ATP Analytical Target Profile , CQA Critical Quality Attributes with risk assessment, and, MODR method operable design region . AQbD intends to provide product with highest quality through the minimisation of risks and also by providing good input for PAT approach. Thus, AQbD can act as an effective method towards innovative approach of Analytical Method Development along with meeting the necessary desired specifications. Bhosale Abhilash | Darekar Shubhangi | Dr. V. U Barge | Dr. Ashok Bhosale "Analytical Quality by Design: Concise Review on Approach to Enhanced Analytical Method Development" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-4 | Issue-3 , April 2020, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd30574.pdf Paper Url :https://www.ijtsrd.com/pharmacy/other/30574/analytical-quality-by-design-concise-review-on-approach-to-enhanced-analytical-method-development/bhosale-abhilash
A Review on Quality by Design and its Approachesijtsrd
The Pharmaceutical Quality By Design QBD is a systematic approach to the development that starts with the predetermined objectives and is based on the process of understanding process processes and process control, sound science and quality risk management. Quality Design QBD has been created to increase the assured of providing safe, effective medicines to customers and promised to make significant improvements in product quality performance. Supriya Khatal | Ashok Bhosale | Tejaswini Kande | Pallavi Dhekale | Punam Bramhadandi | Pratima Pokale "A Review on Quality by Design and its Approaches" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-3 | Issue-6 , October 2019, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd29248.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/pharmacy/medicinal-chemistry/29248/a-review-on-quality-by-design-and-its-approaches/supriya-khatal
This is the seminar on Quality By Design (QbD) .
In this will discuss about Concept , Objectives, Benefits, Key Aspects of QbD.
Specially Design for a Seminar type Presentation.
Thank You , Keep reading and keep sharing.
Review Article: PROCESS ANALYTICAL TECHNOLOGY- Innovative pharmaceutical deve...Vignan University
Process Analytical Technology in pharmaceutical production checks the quality of the raw material attributes
both physically and chemically, that too off-line, in-line or on-line. Process analytical technologies have been
applied to manufacturing processes for decades. PAT is a system for design, analysis, and control of
manufacturing processes, 1
based on continuous monitoring/rapid measurements of critical quality and
performance attributes of raw material, intermediates and products. PAT involves measurement science by
using conventional process sensors such as pressure, temperature and probes. The PAT initiative was initially
intended for traditional pharmaceutical manufacturers, but the FDA.s, PAT guidance now clearly states that it
applies to all manufacturers of human and veterinary drug products. PAT involves shift from testing the quality
to building quality into products by testing at several intermediate steps. It specifically requires that
quantifiable, causal, and predictive relationships be established among the raw materials. There by decreasing
the chances of contamination and cross contamination. It also saves a huge amount of time and money required
for sampling and analysis of the products. Overall PAT paves a way for producing a quality product thus
satisfying the customer needs and creating a good brand image for the organization. PAT that will encourage
the voluntary development and implementation of innovative pharmaceutical development, manufacturing, and
quality assurance as well as novel analyzer technologies.
Quality management systems - INDUSTRIAL PHARMACY llJafarali Masi
syllabus
Quality management & Certifications: Concept of Quality, Total Quality Management, Quality by Design (QbD), Six Sigma concept, Out of Specifications (OOS), Change control, Introduction to ISO 9000 series of quality systems standards, ISO 14000, NABL, GLP
QbD is new concept in pharmaceutical industries which is beneficial for producing and maintaining quality in product. With help of QbD a quality is built in product during manufacturing.
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Disclosure is a process through which a business enterprise communicates with external parties. A corporate disclosure is communication of financial and non financial information of the activities of a business enterprise to the interested entities. Corporate disclosure is done through publishing annual reports. So corporate disclosure through annual reports plays a vital role in the life of all the companies and provides valuable information to investors. The basic objectives of corporate disclosure is to give a true and fair view of companies to the parties related either directly or indirectly like owner, government, creditors, shareholders etc. in the companies act, provisions have been made about mandatory and voluntary disclosure. The IT sector in India is rapidly growing, the trend to invest in the IT sector is rising and employment opportunities in IT sectors are also increasing. Therefore the IT sector is expected to have fair, full and adequate disclosure of all information. Unfair and incomplete disclosure may adversely affect the entire economy. A research study on disclosure practices of IT companies could play an important role in this regard. Hence, the present research study has been done to study and review comparative analysis of total corporate disclosure of selected IT companies of India and to put forward overall findings and suggestions with a view to increase disclosure score of these companies. The researcher hopes that the present research study will be helpful to all selected Companies for improving level of corporate disclosure through annual reports as well as the government, creditors, investors, all business organizations and upcoming researcher for comparative analyses of level of corporate disclosure with special reference to selected IT companies. Dr. Vaibhavi D. Thaker "Comparative Analysis of Total Corporate Disclosure of Selected IT Companies of India" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd64539.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/other-scientific-research-area/other/64539/comparative-analysis-of-total-corporate-disclosure-of-selected-it-companies-of-india/dr-vaibhavi-d-thaker
The Impact of Educational Background and Professional Training on Human Right...ijtsrd
This study investigated the impact of educational background and professional training on human rights awareness among secondary school teachers in the Marathwada region of Maharashtra, India. The key findings reveal that higher levels of education, particularly a master’s degree, and fields of study related to education, humanities, or social sciences are associated with greater human rights awareness among teachers. Additionally, both pre service teacher training and in service professional development programs focused on human rights education significantly enhance teacher’s knowledge, skills, and competencies in promoting human rights principles in their classrooms. Baig Ameer Bee Mirza Abdul Aziz | Dr. Syed Azaz Ali Amjad Ali "The Impact of Educational Background and Professional Training on Human Rights Awareness among Secondary School Teachers" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd64529.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/humanities-and-the-arts/education/64529/the-impact-of-educational-background-and-professional-training-on-human-rights-awareness-among-secondary-school-teachers/baig-ameer-bee-mirza-abdul-aziz
A Study on the Effective Teaching Learning Process in English Curriculum at t...ijtsrd
“One Language sets you in a corridor for life. Two languages open every door along the way” Frank Smith English as a foreign language or as a second language has been ruling in India since the period of Lord Macaulay. But the question is how much we teach or learn English properly in our culture. Is there any scope to use English as a language rather than a subject How much we learn or teach English without any interference of mother language specially in the classroom teaching learning scenario in West Bengal By considering all these issues the researcher has attempted in this article to focus on the effective teaching learning process comparing to other traditional strategies in the field of English curriculum at the secondary level to investigate whether they fulfill the present teaching learning requirements or not by examining the validity of the present curriculum of English. The purpose of this study is to focus on the effectiveness of the systematic, scientific, sequential and logical transaction of the course between the teachers and the learners in the perspective of the 5Es programme that is engage, explore, explain, extend and evaluate. Sanchali Mondal | Santinath Sarkar "A Study on the Effective Teaching Learning Process in English Curriculum at the Secondary Level of West Bengal" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd62412.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/humanities-and-the-arts/education/62412/a-study-on-the-effective-teaching-learning-process-in-english-curriculum-at-the-secondary-level-of-west-bengal/sanchali-mondal
The Role of Mentoring and Its Influence on the Effectiveness of the Teaching ...ijtsrd
This paper reports on a study which was conducted to investigate the role of mentoring and its influence on the effectiveness of the teaching of Physics in secondary schools in the South West Region of Cameroon. The study adopted the convergent parallel mixed methods design, focusing on respondents in secondary schools in the South West Region of Cameroon. Both quantitative and qualitative data were collected, analysed separately, and the results were compared to see if the findings confirm or disconfirm each other. The quantitative analysis found that majority of the respondents 72 of Physics teachers affirmed that they had more experienced colleagues as mentors to help build their confidence, improve their teaching, and help them improve their effectiveness and efficiency in guiding learners’ achievements. Only 28 of the respondents disagreed with these statements. With majority respondents 72 agreeing with the statements, it implies that in most secondary schools, experienced Physics teachers act as mentors to build teachers’ confidence in teaching and improving students’ learning. The interview qualitative data analysis summarized how secondary school Principals use meetings with mentors and mentees to promote mentorship in the school milieu. This has helped strengthen teachers’ classroom practices in secondary schools in the South West Region of Cameroon. With the results confirming each other, the study recommends that mentoring should focus on helping teachers employ social interactions and instructional practices feedback and clarity in teaching that have direct measurable impact on students’ learning achievements. Andrew Ngeim Sumba | Frederick Ebot Ashu | Peter Agborbechem Tambi "The Role of Mentoring and Its Influence on the Effectiveness of the Teaching of Physics in Secondary Schools in the South West Region of Cameroon" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd64524.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/management/management-development/64524/the-role-of-mentoring-and-its-influence-on-the-effectiveness-of-the-teaching-of-physics-in-secondary-schools-in-the-south-west-region-of-cameroon/andrew-ngeim-sumba
Design Simulation and Hardware Construction of an Arduino Microcontroller Bas...ijtsrd
This study primarily focuses on the design of a high side buck converter using an Arduino microcontroller. The converter is specifically intended for use in DC DC applications, particularly in standalone solar PV systems where the PV output voltage exceeds the load or battery voltage. To evaluate the performance of the converter, simulation experiments are conducted using Proteus Software. These simulations provide insights into the input and output voltages, currents, powers, and efficiency under different state of charge SoC conditions of a 12V,70Ah rechargeable lead acid battery. Additionally, the hardware design of the converter is implemented, and practical data is collected through operation, monitoring, and recording. By comparing the simulation results with the practical results, the efficiency and performance of the designed converter are assessed. The findings indicate that while the buck converter is suitable for practical use in standalone PV systems, its efficiency is compromised due to a lower output current. Chan Myae Aung | Dr. Ei Mon "Design Simulation and Hardware Construction of an Arduino-Microcontroller Based DC-DC High-Side Buck Converter for Standalone PV System" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd64518.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/mechanical-engineering/64518/design-simulation-and-hardware-construction-of-an-arduinomicrocontroller-based-dcdc-highside-buck-converter-for-standalone-pv-system/chan-myae-aung
Sustainable Energy by Paul A. Adekunte | Matthew N. O. Sadiku | Janet O. Sadikuijtsrd
Energy becomes sustainable if it meets the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs. Some of the definitions of sustainable energy include the considerations of environmental aspects such as greenhouse gas emissions, social, and economic aspects such as energy poverty. Generally far more sustainable than fossil fuel are renewable energy sources such as wind, hydroelectric power, solar, and geothermal energy sources. Worthy of note is that some renewable energy projects, like the clearing of forests to produce biofuels, can cause severe environmental damage. The sustainability of nuclear power which is a low carbon source is highly debated because of concerns about radioactive waste, nuclear proliferation, and accidents. The switching from coal to natural gas has environmental benefits, including a lower climate impact, but could lead to delay in switching to more sustainable options. “Carbon capture and storage” can be built into power plants to remove the carbon dioxide CO2 emissions, but this technology is expensive and has rarely been implemented. Leading non renewable energy sources around the world is fossil fuels, coal, petroleum, and natural gas. Nuclear energy is usually considered another non renewable energy source, although nuclear energy itself is a renewable energy source, but the material used in nuclear power plants is not. The paper addresses the issue of sustainable energy, its attendant benefits to the future generation, and humanity in general. Paul A. Adekunte | Matthew N. O. Sadiku | Janet O. Sadiku "Sustainable Energy" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd64534.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/electrical-engineering/64534/sustainable-energy/paul-a-adekunte
Concepts for Sudan Survey Act Implementations Executive Regulations and Stand...ijtsrd
This paper aims to outline the executive regulations, survey standards, and specifications required for the implementation of the Sudan Survey Act, and for regulating and organizing all surveying work activities in Sudan. The act has been discussed for more than 5 years. The Land Survey Act was initiated by the Sudan Survey Authority and all official legislations were headed by the Sudan Ministry of Justice till it was issued in 2022. The paper presents conceptual guidelines to be used for the Survey Act implementation and to regulate the survey work practice, standardizing the field surveys, processing, quality control, procedures, and the processes related to survey work carried out by the stakeholders and relevant authorities in Sudan. The conceptual guidelines are meant to improve the quality and harmonization of geospatial data and to aid decision making processes as well as geospatial information systems. The established comprehensive executive regulations will govern and regulate the implementation of the Sudan Survey Geomatics Act in all surveying and mapping practices undertaken by the Sudan Survey Authority SSA and state local survey departments for public or private sector organizations. The targeted standards and specifications include the reference frame, projection, coordinate systems, and the guidelines and specifications that must be followed in the field of survey work, processes, and mapping products. In the last few decades, there has been a growing awareness of the importance of geomatics activities and measurements on the Earths surface in space and time, together with observing and mapping the changes. In such cases, data must be captured promptly, standardized, and obtained with more accuracy and specified in much detail. The paper will also highlight the current situation in Sudan, the degree to which survey standards are used, the problems encountered, and the errors that arise from not using the standards and survey specifications. Kamal A. A. Sami "Concepts for Sudan Survey Act Implementations - Executive Regulations and Standards" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd63484.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/civil-engineering/63484/concepts-for-sudan-survey-act-implementations--executive-regulations-and-standards/kamal-a-a-sami
Towards the Implementation of the Sudan Interpolated Geoid Model Khartoum Sta...ijtsrd
The discussions between ellipsoid and geoid have invoked many researchers during the recent decades, especially during the GNSS technology era, which had witnessed a great deal of development but still geoid undulation requires more investigations. To figure out a solution for Sudans local geoid, this research has tried to intake the possibility of determining the geoid model by following two approaches, gravimetric and geometrical geoid model determination, by making use of GNSS leveling benchmarks at Khartoum state. The Benchmarks are well distributed in the study area, in which, the horizontal coordinates and the height above the ellipsoid have been observed by GNSS while orthometric heights were carried out using precise leveling. The Global Geopotential Model GGM represented in EGM2008 has been exploited to figure out the geoid undulation at the benchmarks in the study area. This is followed by a fitting process, that has been done to suit the geoid undulation data which has been computed using GNSS leveling data and geoid undulation inspired by the EGM2008. Two geoid surfaces were created after the fitting process to ensure that they are identical and both of them could be counted for getting the same geoid undulation with an acceptable accuracy. In this respect, statistical operation played an important role in ensuring the consistency and integrity of the model by applying cross validation techniques splitting the data into training and testing datasets for building the geoid model and testing its eligibility. The geometrical solution for geoid undulation computation has been utilized by applying straightforward equations that facilitate the calculation of the geoid undulation directly through applying statistical techniques for the GNSS leveling data of the study area to get the common equation parameters values that could be utilized to calculate geoid undulation of any position in the study area within the claimed accuracy. Both systems were checked and proved eligible to be used within the study area with acceptable accuracy which may contribute to solving the geoid undulation problem in the Khartoum area, and be further generalized to determine the geoid model over the entire country, and this could be considered in the future, for regional and continental geoid model. Ahmed M. A. Mohammed. | Kamal A. A. Sami "Towards the Implementation of the Sudan Interpolated Geoid Model (Khartoum State Case Study)" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd63483.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/civil-engineering/63483/towards-the-implementation-of-the-sudan-interpolated-geoid-model-khartoum-state-case-study/ahmed-m-a-mohammed
Activating Geospatial Information for Sudans Sustainable Investment Mapijtsrd
Sudan is witnessing an acceleration in the processes of development and transformation in the performance of government institutions to raise the productivity and investment efficiency of the government sector. The development plans and investment opportunities have focused on achieving national goals in various sectors. This paper aims to illuminate the path to the future and provide geospatial data and information to develop the investment climate and environment for all sized businesses, and to bridge the development gap between the Sudan states. The Sudan Survey Authority SSA is the main advisor to the Sudan Government in conducting surveying, mappings, designing, and developing systems related to geospatial data and information. In recent years, SSA made a strategic partnership with the Ministry of Investment to activate Geospatial Information for Sudans Sustainable Investment and in particular, for the preparation and implementation of the Sudan investment map, based on the directives and objectives of the Ministry of Investment MI in Sudan. This paper comes within the framework of activating the efforts of the Ministry of Investment to develop technical investment services by applying techniques adopted by the Ministry and its strategic partners for advancing investment processes in the country. Kamal A. A. Sami "Activating Geospatial Information for Sudan's Sustainable Investment Map" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd63482.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/information-technology/63482/activating-geospatial-information-for-sudans-sustainable-investment-map/kamal-a-a-sami
Educational Unity Embracing Diversity for a Stronger Societyijtsrd
In a rapidly changing global landscape, the importance of education as a unifying force cannot be overstated. This paper explores the crucial role of educational unity in fostering a stronger and more inclusive society through the embrace of diversity. By examining the benefits of diverse learning environments, the paper aims to highlight the positive impact on societal strength. The discussion encompasses various dimensions, from curriculum design to classroom dynamics, and emphasizes the need for educational institutions to become catalysts for unity in diversity. It highlights the need for a paradigm shift in educational policies, curricula, and pedagogical approaches to ensure that they are reflective of the diverse fabric of society. This paper also addresses the challenges associated with implementing inclusive educational practices and offers practical strategies for overcoming barriers. It advocates for collaborative efforts between educational institutions, policymakers, and communities to create a supportive ecosystem that promotes diversity and unity. Mr. Amit Adhikari | Madhumita Teli | Gopal Adhikari "Educational Unity: Embracing Diversity for a Stronger Society" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd64525.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/humanities-and-the-arts/education/64525/educational-unity-embracing-diversity-for-a-stronger-society/mr-amit-adhikari
Integration of Indian Indigenous Knowledge System in Management Prospects and...ijtsrd
The diversity of indigenous knowledge systems in India is vast and can vary significantly between different communities and regions. Preserving and respecting these knowledge systems is crucial for maintaining cultural heritage, promoting sustainable practices, and fostering cross cultural understanding. In this paper, an overview of the prospects and challenges associated with incorporating Indian indigenous knowledge into management is explored. It is found that IIKS helps in management in many areas like sustainable development, tourism, food security, natural resource management, cultural preservation and innovation, etc. However, IIKS integration with management faces some challenges in the form of a lack of documentation, cultural sensitivity, language barriers legal framework, etc. Savita Lathwal "Integration of Indian Indigenous Knowledge System in Management: Prospects and Challenges" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd63500.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/management/accounting-and-finance/63500/integration-of-indian-indigenous-knowledge-system-in-management-prospects-and-challenges/savita-lathwal
DeepMask Transforming Face Mask Identification for Better Pandemic Control in...ijtsrd
The COVID 19 pandemic has highlighted the crucial need of preventive measures, with widespread use of face masks being a key method for slowing the viruss spread. This research investigates face mask identification using deep learning as a technological solution to be reducing the risk of coronavirus transmission. The proposed method uses state of the art convolutional neural networks CNNs and transfer learning to automatically recognize persons who are not wearing masks in a variety of circumstances. We discuss how this strategy improves public health and safety by providing an efficient manner of enforcing mask wearing standards. The report also discusses the obstacles, ethical concerns, and prospective applications of face mask detection systems in the ongoing fight against the pandemic. Dilip Kumar Sharma | Aaditya Yadav "DeepMask: Transforming Face Mask Identification for Better Pandemic Control in the COVID-19 Era" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd64522.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/electronics-and-communication-engineering/64522/deepmask-transforming-face-mask-identification-for-better-pandemic-control-in-the-covid19-era/dilip-kumar-sharma
Streamlining Data Collection eCRF Design and Machine Learningijtsrd
Efficient and accurate data collection is paramount in clinical trials, and the design of Electronic Case Report Forms eCRFs plays a pivotal role in streamlining this process. This paper explores the integration of machine learning techniques in the design and implementation of eCRFs to enhance data collection efficiency. We delve into the synergies between eCRF design principles and machine learning algorithms, aiming to optimize data quality, reduce errors, and expedite the overall data collection process. The application of machine learning in eCRF design brings forth innovative approaches to data validation, anomaly detection, and real time adaptability. This paper discusses the benefits, challenges, and future prospects of leveraging machine learning in eCRF design for streamlined and advanced data collection in clinical trials. Dhanalakshmi D | Vijaya Lakshmi Kannareddy "Streamlining Data Collection: eCRF Design and Machine Learning" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd63515.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/biological-science/biotechnology/63515/streamlining-data-collection-ecrf-design-and-machine-learning/dhanalakshmi-d
Read| The latest issue of The Challenger is here! We are thrilled to announce that our school paper has qualified for the NATIONAL SCHOOLS PRESS CONFERENCE (NSPC) 2024. Thank you for your unwavering support and trust. Dive into the stories that made us stand out!
How to Make a Field invisible in Odoo 17Celine George
It is possible to hide or invisible some fields in odoo. Commonly using “invisible” attribute in the field definition to invisible the fields. This slide will show how to make a field invisible in odoo 17.
Operation “Blue Star” is the only event in the history of Independent India where the state went into war with its own people. Even after about 40 years it is not clear if it was culmination of states anger over people of the region, a political game of power or start of dictatorial chapter in the democratic setup.
The people of Punjab felt alienated from main stream due to denial of their just demands during a long democratic struggle since independence. As it happen all over the word, it led to militant struggle with great loss of lives of military, police and civilian personnel. Killing of Indira Gandhi and massacre of innocent Sikhs in Delhi and other India cities was also associated with this movement.
A workshop hosted by the South African Journal of Science aimed at postgraduate students and early career researchers with little or no experience in writing and publishing journal articles.
Introduction to AI for Nonprofits with Tapp NetworkTechSoup
Dive into the world of AI! Experts Jon Hill and Tareq Monaur will guide you through AI's role in enhancing nonprofit websites and basic marketing strategies, making it easy to understand and apply.
Francesca Gottschalk - How can education support child empowerment.pptxEduSkills OECD
Francesca Gottschalk from the OECD’s Centre for Educational Research and Innovation presents at the Ask an Expert Webinar: How can education support child empowerment?
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Exhibit batch stability failure, formulation revision
Longer time for generic product approval
Approved product may not be marketed
Post approval changes – prior approval supplements
Table: I Current vs. QbD Approach to Pharmaceutical Development
Current Approach QbD Approach
Quality assured by testing and inspection
Quality built into product & process by design,
based on scientific understanding
Data intensive submission – disjointed
information without “big picture”
Knowledge rich submission – showing product
knowledge & process understanding
Specifications based on batch history
Specifications based on product performance
requirements
“Frozen process,” discouraging changes
Flexible process within design space, allowing
continuous improvement
Focus on reproducibility – often avoiding
or ignoring variation
Focus on robustness – understanding and
controlling variation
The New Quality Paradigm includes theRisk based concepts and Principles. It includes ICHguidelinesQ8,Q9,Q10and
Q11.
Fig:-I Quality Paradigm includes the Risk based concepts and Principles
Wherein, Q8: Pharmaceutical Development
Past: Data Transfer / Variable Output
Present: Knowledge transfer / Science based / Consistent Output
Q9: Quality Risk Management
Past: Used, however poor defined
Present: opportunity to use structured process thinking
Q10: Pharmaceutical Quality Systems
Past: GMP Checklist
Future: Quality systems across product life cycle.
Key Elements of Quality by Design:
Fig:-IIKey Elements of Quality by Design
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Fig:-III Quality control diagram using QbD
Table: II Quality By Design
Quality Target
Product Profile
Define QTPP (Quality Target Product Profile)
On the basis of THERAPEUTIC EQUIVALENCE for Generic Drug Product=
PHARMACEUTICAL EQUIVALENCE (same dosage form, route of administration,
strength & same quality)+ BIO-EQUIVALENCE (same pharmacokinetics in terms of
Cmax, AUC to reference product)
Critical Quality
Attributes
Determine CQAs (Critical Quality Attributes)
Considering QUALITY [Assay, Uniformity of Dosage units,], SAFETY [Impurities
(Related substances), Residual Solvents, Microbiological limits], EFFICACY
[Dissolution & Absorption] & MULTIDISCIPLINARY [Patient Acceptance &
Compliance]
Risk
Assessment Of
Cmas & Cpps
Quality Risk Assessment of CMAs & CPPs by
1.RISK IDENTIFICATION: by Ishikawa Fishbone
2.RISK ANALYSIS by Relative Risk based Matrix Analysis
3.RISK EVALUATION by Failure Mode Effective Analysis
Design Of
Experiments
DoE & Generation of Design Space
For SCREENING & OPTIMIZATION of CMAs & CPPs with respect to CQAs by
superimposing contour plot to generate OVERLAY PLOT (Proven acceptableRanges
& Edges of failure) based upon desired ranges of Responses
Process
Analytical
Technology
Development of PAT System
For continuousautomatic analyzing &controlling criticalprocessingthroughtimely
measurements of CMA & CPAS by INLINE ANALYZERS WITH AUTO SENSORS with
the ultimate goal of consistently ensuring finished product quality with respect to
desired CQAs
Control
Strategy
Implementation of Control Strategy
For CONTROLS OF CMAs, CPPs within Specifications, by Real Time Release Testing,
Online Monitoring System * Inline PAT Analyzers [based upon previous results on
development, Scale Up. Exhibit/ Validation batches]
Continual
Improvement
Continual Improvement
Based upon CONTINUAL RISK REVIEW & RISK COMMUNICATION
BETWEEN PLANT, QA, QC, RA, R&D, AR&D during routine commercial
manufacturing experience
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What is QTPP?
A Prospective summary of the quality characteristics of a drug product that ideally will be achieved to ensure desired
quality, taking into account safety and efficacy of a drug product.
QTPP is widely used in development planning, clinical and commercial decision making, regulatory agency interactions,
and risk management.
The QTPP guides formulation scientists to establish formulation strategies and keep the formulation effort focused and
efficient
Fig:-IV Quality Target Product Profile
What factors affect drug product CQAs?
Properties of Input Materials- Identify Critical Material Attributes (CMAs)
Properties of in-process materials- CQAs of one step become CMAs for a downstream unit operation
Manufacturing process parameters- Identify Critical Process Parameters (CPPs)
“A process parameter, e.g. temp, time, speed, when variable it can affect the CQA of a product or process”
Critical process parameters (CPP) are process inputs that have a direct and significant influence on critical quality
attributes when they are varied within regular operation range.
Fig:-V factors affect drug product CQAs
QUALITY RISK MANAGEMENT
Quality: Degree to which a set of inherent properties of a product, system or process fulfills requirements.
Risk: defined as the combination of the probability of occurrence of harm and the severity of that harm.
Management: Systematic processfor the assessment, control, communication andreviewofriskstothequalityofthedrug
(medicinal) product across the product lifecycle.
Risk Identification: The risk assessment team assigned to this initiative first prepared a list of all operations and
associated supporting systems that had potential impact on product quality.
Risk Analysis and Evaluation: The Risk Analysis stage of the QRM process estimates the potential harm(s) associated
with each potential risk. The analysis may be qualitative or quantitative in nature, or a combination of the two.
QTPP Component CQAS
Dosage Form & Strength Assay (Efficacy)
Appearance & Identity Impurities (Safety)
Pharmacokinetics C.U (Efficacy)
Dissolution, Content Uniformity
Dissolution
Impurities & Residual Solvents
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Fig:-VIQuality Risk Management
Fig:-VII Ishiwaka Diagram
Failure Mode and Effects Analysis (FMEA)
Identify potential failure modes for a product or process,
To assess the risk associated with those failure modes,
To rank the issues in terms of importance and
To identify and carry out corrective actions to address the most serious concerns.
The risk score or Risk Product Number (RPN) was determined by multiplying the scores for probability, severity and
detectability:
RPN = Probability Score x Severity Score x Detectability Score
The ranking definitions for Probability, Severity, and Detectability were developed prior to commencing any actual
assessment.
After the risk areaswere identified, subject matter experts worked to evaluate each riskareaandlistcorrespondingfailure
modes and associated failure effects for each risk area. The final output was published for risk prioritization.
Scoring Scheme for Probability, Severity, and Ability to Detect:
A RPN of < 40 was considered a low risk; a RPN of 40 – 99 was identified as an intermediate risk; and a RPN of 100 or
greater was defined as a high risk.
It is based on Probability, Severity and Detectability.
Design Space (ICH Q8)
Definition: The multidimensional combination and interaction of input variables (e.g., material attributes) and process
parameters that have been demonstrated to provide assurance of quality
Working within the design space is not considered as a change. Movement out of the design space is considered to be a
change and would normally initiate a regulatory post-approval change process.
Design space is proposed by the applicant and is subject to regulatory assessment and approval
QbD & Statistics
Statistical analysis has multiple roles in the Quality by Design approach
Statistically designed experiments (DOEs)
Model building & evaluation
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Statistical process control
Sampling plans
DESIGN OF EXPERIMENTS
A structured organized method for determining the relationship between factors affecting a process and theoutput of that
process
Fig:-VIIIDesign Of Experiments
PROCESS ANALYTICAL TECHNOLOGY (PAT)
Process analytical technology (PAT) can be defined as “a system for designing, analyzing, and controlling manufacturing
through timely measurements (i.e., during processing) of critical quality and performance attributes of raw and in-process
materials and processes, with the goal of ensuring final product quality”
Fig:-IX Process Analytical Technology (PAT)
CONTOL STRATEGY:-
“A planned set of controls, derived from current product and process understanding that ensures process performance and
product quality…..” ICH Q8 (R2) & Q10
Control Strategy includes following elements (but not limited to):
Input material attributes (e.g. drug substance, excipients, container closure)
Equipment operating conditions (process parameters)
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In-process controls
Finished product specifications
Controls for each unit operations
Methods and frequency of monitoring and control.
Fig:-X Contol Strategy
BENEFITS OF QbD
QbD is good Science and Business
Eliminate batch failures
Minimize deviations and costly investigations
Avoid regulatory compliance problems
Organizational learning is an investment in the Future
Better development decisions & Empowerment of
technical staff
Benefits of implementing QbD for FDA
Enhances scientific foundation for review
Provides for better coordination across review,
compliance & inspection
Improves information in regulatory submissions
Improves quality of review (establishingaQMSforCMC)
Provides for more flexibility in decision making
Ensures decisions made on science & not on empirical
information
Involves various disciplines in decision making
Uses resources to address higher risks
Benefits to Industry
Ensures better design of products with less problems in
manufacturing
Reduces number of manufacturing supplements
required for post market changes –rely on process and
risk understanding and risk mitigation
Allows for implementation of new technology to
improve manufacturing without regulatory scrutiny
Allows for possible reduction in overall costs of
manufacturing –less waste
Ensures less hassle during review –reduced deficiencies
–quicker approvals
Improves interaction with FDA –deal on a science level
instead of on a process level
Allows for continuous improvements in products and
manufacturing process.
References:
[1] U. S. Food and Drug Administration. Quality by Design
for ANDAs:An Example for Immediate-ReleaseDosage
Forms. April 2012.
[2] 21 CFR Part 211 Current Good Manufacturing Practice
for Finished Pharmaceuticals, Subpart C.
[3] U. S. Food and Drug Administration. Guidance for
Industry. PAT – A Framework for Innovative
Pharmaceutical Development, Manufacturing and
Quality Assurance. September 2004.
[4] Articles by SHIVANG CHAUDHARY, Formulation
Scientist (Pharma-QbD Associate) M. S. Pharm
(Pharmaceutics)-NIPERP.G.D (Patents Law)- NALSAR
8. International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (IJTSRD) @ www.ijtsrd.com eISSN: 2456-6470
@ IJTSRD | Unique Paper ID – IJTSRD32985 | Volume – 4 | Issue – 5 | July-August 2020 Page 885
[5] Gillian Doherty and Jane Beach Martha Friendlyn
“Quality by design: What do we know about quality in
early learning and child care, andwhat do we think?”A
literature review pp. 1-32.
[6] ICH Q8 (R2) (2009) Pharmaceutical Development.
[7] Lawrence X. Yu (2006) Director of science.
“Implementation of Quality byDesign”, Questionbased
review.
[8] Anat IB (2013) QbD Strategy Leader, “Bud
implementation in Generic Industry: Overview and
Case-Study” IFPAC JAN.
[9] Avellant J (2008) “Why Quality by Design?” Expert
Brefings pp. 1-12.
[10] Roy S (2012) “Quality by Design-Holistic concept of
concept of building quality in pharmaceuticals”. Int J
Pham Biomed Re 3: 100-108.
[11] Blackburn TD (2011)“An Introduction to QbD(Quality
by Design) and Implications for Technical
Professionals”, ISPE CASA Annual Technology Show.
[12] Nishendu P et al. (2012) “A complete review of Quality
by Design”. Int J Pharm Sci Rev Res 17:20-28.
[13] Lawrence X. Yu (2008) “Quality by Design: Conceptfor
ANDA’s” .AAPS J 10: 268-276.
[14] ICH Q9: Quality Risk Management - an update 14 May
2014.