1. European Quality Assurance
Register for Higher Education
Quality Assurance in the Bologna Process
Colin Tück
St Paul’s Bay, 22 June 2015
Peer Expert Training by NCFHE
2. Outline
1 Overview
2 European Standards and Guidelines (ESG)
3 European Quality Assurance Register (EQAR)
4 European Approach for QA of Joint Programmes
5 Concluding remarks
3. Quality Assurance in the
European Higher Education
Area (EHEA)
1999 Bologna: “Promotion of European co-
operation in quality assurance”
Intentions
2003 Minimum elements for QA systems Initial commitment
2005 European Standards and Guidelines (ESG) Common principles
2007 European Quality Assurance Register (EQAR) European organisation
2012 Bucharest: “allow EQAR-registered agencies
to perform their activities across the EHEA”
Closer integration
2015 ESG revised, European Approach for QA of
Joint Programmes
Consolidation, further
integration
4. European Standards and
Guidelines for QA (ESG)
Purposes:
Set a common framework for QA at European, national and
institutional level
Enable the assurance and improvement of quality
Support mutual trust, thus facilitating recognition and mobility
Provide information on QA in the EHEA.
Developed by the key stakeholders:
QA agencies (ENQA), students (ESU) and institutions (EUA,
EURASHE) – adopted by ministers
2005: first version
2015: revised version – by E4 + BusinessEurope + Education
International + EQAR
5. ESG - Principles
Higher education institutions have primary
responsibility for the quality of their provision and its
assurance;
Quality assurance responds to the diversity of higher
education systems, institutions, programmes and
students;
Quality assurance supports the development of a quality
culture;
Quality assurance takes into account the needs and
expectations of students, all other stakeholders and
society
6. ESG Part 1: Standards and
guidelines for internal quality
assurance
1.1 Policy for quality assurance
Part of strategic management
Stakeholder involvement
1.2 Design and approval of programmes
Clear objectives and learning outcomes
Qualifications placed in qualifications framework
1.3 Student-centred learning, teaching and assessment
Encouraging students to take an active role
1.4 Student admission, progression, recognition and certification
Pre-defined and public regulations
Lisbon Recognition Convention
7. ESG Part 1 (cont’d)
1.5 Teaching staff
Fair and transparent recruitment and development
1.6 Learning resources and student support
Appropriate funding
Accessible learning resources and student support
1.7 Information management
For management of their programmes and activities
1.8 Public information
For students, stakeholders, general public
1.9 On-going monitoring and periodic review of programmes
Achievement of objectives
Basis for improvement
1.10 Cyclical external quality assurance
8. ESG Part 2: External QA
ESG Part 3: QA agencies
2.1 Consideration of internal quality
assurance
2.2 Designing methodologies fit for
purpose
2.3 Implementing processes
2.4 Peer-review experts
2.5 Criteria for outcomes
2.6 Reporting
2.7 Complaints and appeals
3.1 Activities, policy and processes
for quality assurance
3.2 Official status
3.3 Independence
3.4 Thematic analysis
3.5 Resources
3.6 Internal quality assurance and
professional conduct
3.7 Cyclical external review of
agencies
9. ESG and other Bologna
tools/action lines
Qualifications framework (QF)
Agreed description, referenced to the QF-EHEA
QA needs to ensure that qualifications are rightly placed
and give trust in their placement
See ESG 1.2, NCFHE Standard 3
Recognition
Reviewing institutional recognition procedures
External QA as a basis for trust and recognition of
foreign qualifications
See ESG 1.4, automatic recognition debates
10. European Quality Assurance
Register for HE (EQAR)
Transparency and Information
Information on bona fide agencies
Prevent „accreditation mills“ from gaining
credibility
Institutions to choose a QA agency
Trust and Recognition
Mutual trust, acceptance of QA results
Support recognition
Allow registered QAAs to operate across the
entire EHEA
What? Register of QA agencies that comply substantially with the ESG
Why? Promoting the further development of a coherent and flexible
quality assurance system for Europe as a whole
11. EQAR setup & functioning
Established in 2008, by stakeholders (E4
Group) at Ministers' request
Jointly governed by stakeholders (E4,
social partners) and EHEA governments
Voluntary, formal consequences indirect
Registration based on external review of
agencies by independent experts
Independent Register Committee
Composed of 11 quality assurance experts
All decisions related to registration
13. Further EQAR Procedures
Periodic renewal every five years
Possibility of extraordinary review before
Obligation to report substantive changes
Organisational structure of the agency
Change in external QA activities & methodologies
Complaints Policy
Third-party concerns in relation to ESG compliance
Publication of decisions by the Register Committee,
“Use and Interpretation of the ESG”
More transparency – less misinformation
14. Recognition of QA results
across borders
Recognising EQAR-
registered agencies as
part of the national
requirements for external
QA
Recognising foreign
agencies with
own/specific framework
Discussions ongoing
Countries not recognising
external QA by foreign
agency
15. European Approach for Quality
Assurance of Joint
Programmes
Background:
Frameworks for joint/single reviews often complex and burdensome
Different, national criteria, not always quality-related
Often structural and even contradictory (e.g. # of ECTS for thesis)
Sometimes only make sense nationally, but not to foreign peers
Approach adopted by ministers:
Consistent European framework for QA of joint programmes, based
on the Bologna infrastructure:
Standards (≈ ESG Part 1 & QF-EHEA) & Procedure (≈ ESG Part 2)
No additional national criteria
Integrated, single review of the whole joint programme
By a suitable EQAR-registered QA agency (≈ ESG Part 3)
16. Application
Cooperating HEIs
need programme
accreditation/eval.
Cooperating HEIs are “self-accrediting”
for programmes, i.e. accredited/
evaluated/audited at institutional level
Single accreditation/eval.
of JP, based on agreed
Standards & Procedure,
by any EQAR-reg. agency
Joint internal QA review
of the JP (in line with ESG), may use
agreed Standards, external
review takes account of HEIs' internal
Recognised to fulfil QA require-
ments in all countries involved
European Approach, based on ESG & QF-EHEA, and Bucharest Communiqué
(“recognise QA decisions of EQAR-registered agencies on joint and double degree programmes“)
17. Concluding words
Over the years, quality assurance has become …
More European
More coherent across the EHEA
More institutionalised at European level
Clearer European standards, larger common ground
Actors are ahead of policy makers
Cross-border QA is a reality, but governments hesitate to
recognise foreign agencies
Automatic recognition still not a reality
18. Thank you for your attention!
Contact:
+32 2 234 39 11
colin.tueck@eqar.eu