This document discusses various textual aids that can be used to simplify comprehension of texts for educational purposes. It defines textual aids as graphical outlines or images that provide a general idea of a topic. The document then examines different types of textual aids like concept maps, Venn diagrams, fishbone diagrams, timelines, flowcharts, graphs, and graphic organizers. It provides examples of each type and explains how they can be used to represent information visually. Finally, it includes an activity that asks the reader to match a textual aid to sample texts and a performance task involving creating a poster about preventing COVID-19 spread using an appropriate textual aid.

1. Quarter 1 – Module 2:
Understanding Reading
Passages through Textual Aids
by: Kathleen E. Fandag

2. What can you see in the pictures?

4. EARLY MEANS OF TRANSPORTATION

5. What are Textual Aids?
Textual aids are educational
instruments that simplify
comprehension of texts.
They use graphical outlines or images
that give the general idea of a topic.

6. Here is a teacher in Science, and she presents to her students the life cycle of a
butterfly. She just plainly reads the text, thus her students get so bored. What other
ways could she use to make her lesson easier to understand?
A butterfly is a unique insect because it goes through
a metamorphosis. Butterflies begin as small eggs. When
they are born, they are caterpillars and then change
throughout their lives. After a caterpillar is born, it eats a
lot of food and grows as fast as it can. Once it is big
enough, it forms weeks inside of the chrysalis as it grows.
When it is ready to emerge, the butterfly starts to wiggle
out. It spends time drying off its wings, and then it is
ready to flutter away as a full grown adult.

7. Textual Aid of the Life Cycle of a Butterfly

8. Types of Textual Aids
Concept Map
Concept maps are drawings or
diagrams used to help individuals
organize and represent knowledge
of a subject.
Concept maps begin with a main
idea or concept and then branch
out to show how that main idea can
be broken down into specific topics.

9. Venn Diagram
A Venn Diagram is an illustration
that uses circles to show the
relationships among things or
finite groups of things. Circles
that overlap have a commonality
while the circles that do not
overlap do not share those
traits.
Venn diagrams help to visually
represent the similarities and
differences between two
concepts.

10. Fishbone Diagram A cause and effect diagram, often called
a “fishbone” diagram, can help in
brainstorming to identify possible
causes of a problem and in sorting ideas
into useful categories.
A fishbone is a visual way to look at
cause and effect
A fishbone diagram, as the name
suggests, mimics a fish skeleton. The
underlying problem is placed as the
fish’s head and the causes extend to the
left as the bones of the skeleton; the ribs
branch off the back and denote major
causes, while sub branches branch off of
the causes and denote root causes.

11. Timeline
A timeline is the presentation of a
chronological sequence of events along a
drawn line that enables a viewer to
understand temporal relationships quickly.
The term is also sometimes extended to
mean a chronological that is tabular, year-
by-year paragraphs or purely conceptual.
Timelines are designed to provide a broad
overview of a sequence of events in time.
They don’t go into detail, but links to
events, information and images may be
added as needed.
It consists of a horizontal bar or line
representing time progressing from left to
right or top to bottom.

12. Flow Diagram/Chart Flowcharts are used in designing
and documenting simple processes
or programs. Like other types of
diagrams, they help visualize what
is going on and thereby help
understand a process, and perhaps
also find less-obvious features
within a process like flaws and
bottlenecks.
Flow charts is a graphical
representation of a process or
system that details the sequencing
of steps required to create output.

13. Graphic Organizers
A Persuasion Map is an interactive
graphic organizer that enables one to
map out their arguments for a
persuasive essay or a debate.
A writer could begin by determining
their goals or thesis. Then they identify
three main reasons to support their
argument, and three facts or examples
to validate each reason

14. Graphic Organizers
A CHARACTER MAP is a graphic organizer
that helps a person to learn about a
character and how the character impacts
and is impacted by the setting, other
character, and plot.
Using a CHARACTER MAP, a person lists or
describes different aspects of a character
such as the characters physical appearance,
actions, what he/she thinks or believes, and
how others interact with him/her.

15. Graphs
BAR GRAPH
Line Graph
Pie Graph
Picto Graph
GRAPHS are textual aids that present a visual comparison of
data and information in bar, pie, line or picture format.
Its purpose is to present facts and figures to be read in a short
period of time

16. ACTIVITY: What’s Appropriate?
 Instructions: Read the given text, then make a textual aid that could be used to represent it.
 A. HOW TO PREVENT BULLYING
 *Help kids understand bullying. Talk about what bullying is and how to
stand up to it safely. Tell kids bullying in unacceptable. Make sure that kids
know how to get help.
 *Keep the lines of communication open. Check in with kids often. Know
their friends, ask about school, and understand their concerns.
 *Encourage kids to do what they love. Special activities, interests, and
hobbies can boost confidence, help kids make friends, and protect them from
bullying behavior.
 *Model how to treat others with kindness and respect.

17. 
 B. WHY FRIENDSHIPS END
 Many situations can cause a friendship to end. One of those situations
happens when a friend moves away and makes new friends; as a result, his or
her old friends are often forgotten. Furthermore, busy schedules can cause
friendship to end. It is hard to spend time with a friend if one is busy with
work and other responsibilities. Another reason is the two friends no longer
have anything in common or do not like choices one of them has made.
Perhaps one friend is interested in sports or movies or is spending too much
time on social media and does not give time to be with his or her friends. In
addition, sometimes friendship ends because of lack of communication. If
friend never calls or e-mails, the friendship ultimately fades and dies.
the main cause is fight. If two friends fight and do not make up or cannot
forgive each other, there is no reason to be friends anymore. In those,
the friends drift apart. Friends may come and go in everyone’s lives, but no
matter how long they are in them, friends leave a lasting impression.

18.  C.
 Hot drinks such as coffee and tea are served in cups, but there’s
a great deal of difference between types of containers you’ll sip
drink from. For example, China cups and paper cups from a coffee
will hold your hot drink without any problems. However, that’s
the similarities between them end. Fine China cups often are works
art, featuring beautiful designs and colors. They are often valuable,
worth significant amount of money. They often have sentimental
as well, as many keepsakes, handed down from generation to
generation. Paper cups however, are plain, undecorated containers;
they’re just intended to do a job. They worth only a few pesos each,
and we usually throw them away or recycle them when we are done
using them. Whether we use fine China or paper cups for our
drinks, for many of us the quality of the beverage inside them is
important than the quality of cup itself.

19. PERFORMANCE TASK
 INSTRUCTIONS: Our battle against CoViD 19 is far from over. Though we are almost at the
point of achieving Herd Immunity, let us not cease informing our community in fighting
against it. Make a poster using the appropriate TEXTUAL AID that focuses in preventing the
spread of this health menace. Be sure to POST your Posters in your community. Be guided by
this criteria for grading your Posters.
CRITERIA POINTS
USE OF APPROPRIATE TEXTUAL AIDS FOR INFORMATION
DISSEMINATION
40
PIECES OF INFORMATION ARE RELEVANT, and TIMELY 30
ARTISTRY and UNIQUENESS in Poster Presentation 20
Mechanics of Good Writing are Evident 10

20. Hope you had a
wonderful time
learning with me
today.