Prose is ordinary written language composed of sentences and paragraphs rather than lines of poetry. It can be creative or non-creative. Literature in the past included genres like legends, folk tales, and fairy tales, while modern genres include graphic novels, manga, and science fiction. Elements of prose include character, setting, plot, point of view, theme, and conflict. 21st century Philippine literature has expanded with new digital forms like blogs, tweets, and texts, showing how the medium continues to evolve.

1. ELEMENTS OF PROSE
PRINCESS M. CUISON

2. • Identify the elements of prose
• Compare and contrast the
genres of literature in the past
and in the 21st century

3. 2 Types of Literature
PROSE
POETRY

4. PROSE (prowz)
• is the ordinary form of written and
spoken language whose unit is in the
sentence, rather than the individual
line as it is in poetry. The term applies
to all expressions in language that do
not have a regular rhythmic pattern.
• it consists of those written within the
common flow of conversation in
sentences and paragraphs.

5. Continuous piece of writing
Uses sentences and paragraphs
Sounds similar to ordinary speech
or writing
May or may not be creative

6. Literature in the past includes a
variety of works such as:
LEGENDS FABLES
MYTHS FOLK
TALES
FAIRY
TALES

7. Literature in the past includes a
variety of works such as:
NOVELS
SHORT
STORY PLAYS
ANECDOTES BIOGRAPHY ESSAY

8. Best 10 Books in the Philippines
1. Noli Me Tángere by Dr. José Rizal.
2. Florante at Laura by Francisco Balagtas.
3. Mga Ibong Mandaragit by Amado V. Hernandez.
4. The Woman Who Had Two Navels by Nick
Joaquin.
5. Po-on A Novel by F. Sionil Jose.
6. Banaag at Sikat by Lope K. Santos.
7. Ilustrado by Miguel Syjuco.
8. Dekada '70 by Lualhati Bautista.
9. Smaller and Smaller Circles by F.H. Batacan
10.ABNKKBSNPLAko?! by Bob Ong
https://theculturetrip.com/asia/philippines/articles/the-10-best-
books-in-philippine-literature/

9. 21st Century Literary Genres include:
ILLUSTRATED
NOVEL
DIGI-FICTION
GRAPHIC NOVELS MANGA
DOODLE FICTION CHICK LIT
FLASH FICTION SCIENCE FICTION

10. 21st Century Literary Prose includes:
BLOGS TWITTER
THREADS
TEXT
SERYE
SPOKEN
POETRY

12. ELEMENTS OF PROSE
CHARACTER
SETTING
PLOT
POINT OF
VIEW
THEME
CONFLICT

13. CHARACTER
 A fictional personality created by
the author
1. PROTAGONIST- the central character in the
story
2. ANTAGONIST- forces acting against the
protagonist
3. DYNAMIC CHARACTER- the character
changes as a result of the action of the
story
4. STATIC CHARACTER- the character does
not change much in the course of the story

14. SETTINGS
• Because these stories are
passed along by word of mouth,
the plot elements are simple but
unchanging.
 Setting is the time and place
where a scene occurs.
 It can help set the mood
 Influences the way characters
behave
 Affects the dialog
 Reflects the society in which the
characters live, and sometimes
even plays a part in the story.

15. PLOT
• Is the organized
pattern or sequence
of events that make
up a story.
• Every plot is made
up of a series of
events that are
related to one
another.

17. POINT OF VIEW
The point of view of the story relates to
the person telling the story
TYPES:
A. First Person POV- the narrator is a
character in the story and tells the
story.

18. POINT OF VIEW
A. Second Person POV- the narrator
tells the story using the pronoun you.
B. Third Person POV- the narrator is not
a character in the story and refers to
the characters by name or he/she.

19. THEME
• Theme is what the story teaches readers the
life lesson, meaning, moral or message
about life or human nature that is
communicated by a literary work.
 Good vs. evil
 Weak vs. strong
 Beauty vs. ugliness
 Peace and war
 Love
 Heroism
 Suffering
 Deception

20. THEMES

21. CONFLICT
• A clash of actions, desires,
ideas or wills
• This element is what makes
the story exciting. It is the
opposition of forces that
makes the story move.

22. 2 TYPES OF CONFLICT
1. EXTERNAL- a struggle with a
force outside one’s self.
a. Man Vs. Man – (physical)
- the main character
struggles with his physical
strength against other men, forces
of nature or animal.

23. 2 TYPES OF CONFLICT
b. Man Vs. Circumstances
- (classical) the main
character struggles against fate, or
the circumstances of life facing him/
her.
c. Man Vs. Society
- (social) the main character
against ideas, practices, or customs
of other people.

24. 2 TYPES OF CONFLICT
2. INTERNAL- the main character’s
struggle within one’s self wherein he/she
has to make some decision, overcome
pain, resist their urge etc.
 Man Vs. Himself- (psychological) the
main character struggles with
himself/herself; with his/ her own
choices, ideas of right and wrong,
physical limitations, etc.

25. THE CROSSROADS OF
LITERATURE
• The “death of print” has been notable over
the past decade, due to the rising
accessibility of devices like tablets and
smartphones that have made the electronic
medium cheaper and more universal. Book
sales, as well as magazine and newspaper
subscriptions, have diminished, but our
appetite for information has grown larger
and more impetuous.

26. 21ST CENTURY LITERATURE
• In the 21st century, Philippines
have a lot of literary innovations
that are adapted and created by
Filipinos.
• Nowadays, even those who do not
have any significant literary
background make their own way
using their freedom to write and to
express.

27. • As we engage in technology
everyday we create and discover
more existing forms of expressive
culture as well. We have a wide
range of resources through the
internet and this gave
opportunities to people, especially
the youth, to begin writing and
expressing their thoughts, ideas,
and feelings.

28. 21ST CENTURY LITERATURE
• There are a lot of new
forms from the basic
genres of literature; thus
proving how far the
literature in the Philippines
has gone and how far it will
go from here.