Communist Party of the Philippines
Contribution to the 13th International Communist Seminar:
"The Strategy and Tactics of the Struggle against Global US Imperialist War"
Brussels, 2-4 May 2004
Communist Party of the Philippines
Contribution to the 13th International Communist Seminar:
"The Strategy and Tactics of the Struggle against Global US Imperialist War"
Brussels, 2-4 May 2004
"It is clear that the main element of any United States policy towards the Soviet Union must be that of a long-term, patient but firm and vigilant containment of Russian expansive tendencies.... It is clear that the United States cannot expect in the foreseeable future to enjoy political intimacy with the Soviet regime. It must continue to regard the Soviet Union as a rival, not a partner, in the political arena."
My article published in Eurasia Review yesterday (March 9, 2013) has thrown some lights on how we are suffering in the world that is both leaderless and defenseless. It also gives some evidences and few suggestions that can help us to manage with.
This is presented during a session "Strategic cultures" at the symposium “Lessons of 1914 for the future of Asia” on 14-15 July 2014 held at Temple University Japan Campus. This symposium is organized by Andreas Herberg-Rothe, Faculty of social and cultural studies, University of Applied Sciences Fulda, Germany and supported by the Embassy of the Federal Republic of Germany in Japan.
Three curable symptoms of an ailing global economy and their treatmentSUN&FZ Associates
It goes without saying that poverty and inequality beyond rationally acceptable limit are caused by wrong economic, monetary and fiscal policies; legislative, legal and regulatory flaws; and imbalance between pro-business and pro-people and pro-employer and pro-employee policies.
The transfer of money through channels other than strictly regulated and monitored companies cannot be ruled out but that money’s unchecked investment in bonds, shares, properties and business companies clearly and convincingly points out that the countries and their governments at both ends are intentional accomplices of white collar crimes for a number of understandable but inexcusable reasons.
Is it possible that those who are responsible to monitor the inter-state flow of money don’t know from which countries money is transferred to their countries? Who in regulatory, banking and financial circles doesn’t know whose money is parked in which tax haven for how long? Who doesn’t know who manages the illegally transferred funds on whose behalf? Why do the tax havens hide the information?
Why these questions have not been answered so far?
Who is responsible?
What can be done about it?
The Answers follow…
The difference between natural and man-made disasters is the element of human intent or negligence that leads to human suffering and environmental damage; many mirror natural disasters, yet man has a direct hand in their occurrence.Another man-made disaster that seems to be happening more frequently is explosions. One of the most stunningly visual ones was in Puerto Rico in 2009. It was so intense, it even set off a natural disaster - an earthquake. The actual explosion was caused by a large gasoline tank at the Caribbean Petroleum Corporation oil refinery and oil depot. The smoke plume reached as high as 30,000 feet.
A disastrous event caused directly and principally by one or more identifiable deliberate or negligent human actions. Also called human-made disaster. Compare with natural disaster.
Another man-made disaster that seems to be happening more frequently is explosions. One of the most stunningly visual ones was in Puerto Rico in 2009. It was so intense, it even set off a natural disaster - an earthquake. The actual explosion was caused by a large gasoline tank at the Caribbean Petroleum Corporation oil refinery and oil depot. The smoke plume reached as high as 30,000 feet.
War and Peace in the 21st century, or Will the World Collapse in the Next 10-...Azamat Abdoullaev
the World Government for the World of Tomorrow
Science, Art, and Practice of War and Peace
MAD (Mutually Assured Destruction) PhilosophyWorld Peace and World Government Post-Information Age > Post-Nuclear Epoch > Post-Human Era
Rise and Dominance of Peace-Making Intelligent Machinery
Homo Sapiens or Homo Barbarus: “all men are always at war with on another”
A Review on Hinnebusch's Article "American Invasion of Iraq: causes and Conse...Atam Motufoua
This review highlights some of the main arguments in the journal article "American invasion of Iraq: Causes and consequences". It also include personal comments.
"It is clear that the main element of any United States policy towards the Soviet Union must be that of a long-term, patient but firm and vigilant containment of Russian expansive tendencies.... It is clear that the United States cannot expect in the foreseeable future to enjoy political intimacy with the Soviet regime. It must continue to regard the Soviet Union as a rival, not a partner, in the political arena."
My article published in Eurasia Review yesterday (March 9, 2013) has thrown some lights on how we are suffering in the world that is both leaderless and defenseless. It also gives some evidences and few suggestions that can help us to manage with.
This is presented during a session "Strategic cultures" at the symposium “Lessons of 1914 for the future of Asia” on 14-15 July 2014 held at Temple University Japan Campus. This symposium is organized by Andreas Herberg-Rothe, Faculty of social and cultural studies, University of Applied Sciences Fulda, Germany and supported by the Embassy of the Federal Republic of Germany in Japan.
Three curable symptoms of an ailing global economy and their treatmentSUN&FZ Associates
It goes without saying that poverty and inequality beyond rationally acceptable limit are caused by wrong economic, monetary and fiscal policies; legislative, legal and regulatory flaws; and imbalance between pro-business and pro-people and pro-employer and pro-employee policies.
The transfer of money through channels other than strictly regulated and monitored companies cannot be ruled out but that money’s unchecked investment in bonds, shares, properties and business companies clearly and convincingly points out that the countries and their governments at both ends are intentional accomplices of white collar crimes for a number of understandable but inexcusable reasons.
Is it possible that those who are responsible to monitor the inter-state flow of money don’t know from which countries money is transferred to their countries? Who in regulatory, banking and financial circles doesn’t know whose money is parked in which tax haven for how long? Who doesn’t know who manages the illegally transferred funds on whose behalf? Why do the tax havens hide the information?
Why these questions have not been answered so far?
Who is responsible?
What can be done about it?
The Answers follow…
The difference between natural and man-made disasters is the element of human intent or negligence that leads to human suffering and environmental damage; many mirror natural disasters, yet man has a direct hand in their occurrence.Another man-made disaster that seems to be happening more frequently is explosions. One of the most stunningly visual ones was in Puerto Rico in 2009. It was so intense, it even set off a natural disaster - an earthquake. The actual explosion was caused by a large gasoline tank at the Caribbean Petroleum Corporation oil refinery and oil depot. The smoke plume reached as high as 30,000 feet.
A disastrous event caused directly and principally by one or more identifiable deliberate or negligent human actions. Also called human-made disaster. Compare with natural disaster.
Another man-made disaster that seems to be happening more frequently is explosions. One of the most stunningly visual ones was in Puerto Rico in 2009. It was so intense, it even set off a natural disaster - an earthquake. The actual explosion was caused by a large gasoline tank at the Caribbean Petroleum Corporation oil refinery and oil depot. The smoke plume reached as high as 30,000 feet.
War and Peace in the 21st century, or Will the World Collapse in the Next 10-...Azamat Abdoullaev
the World Government for the World of Tomorrow
Science, Art, and Practice of War and Peace
MAD (Mutually Assured Destruction) PhilosophyWorld Peace and World Government Post-Information Age > Post-Nuclear Epoch > Post-Human Era
Rise and Dominance of Peace-Making Intelligent Machinery
Homo Sapiens or Homo Barbarus: “all men are always at war with on another”
A Review on Hinnebusch's Article "American Invasion of Iraq: causes and Conse...Atam Motufoua
This review highlights some of the main arguments in the journal article "American invasion of Iraq: Causes and consequences". It also include personal comments.
America’s second civil war | can war be avoided ukraineAshish Rajput
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Required ResourcesTextBarnes, L. & Bowles, M. (2014). The Am.docxsodhi3
Required Resources
Text
Barnes, L. & Bowles, M. (2014). The American story: Perspectives and encounters from 1877 [Electronic version]. Retrieved from https://content.ashford.edu/( see attached file)
· Chapter 10: The Cold War Era
· Chapter 11: The Affluent and Anxious Society
· Chapter 12: The Turbulent Years
Multimedia
Smith, L. M. (Producer, Director, & Writer). (2003). The house we live in (Links to an external site.)Links to an external site. [Series episode]. In L. Adelman (Executive producer) Race: The power of an illusion. Retrieved from https://secure.films.com/OnDemandEmbed.aspx?Token=49736&aid=18596&Plt=FOD&loid=0&w=640&h=480 &ref=
Recommended Resources
Multimedia
Pearson Education. (2010, January 1). Civil rights in America (Links to an external site.)Links to an external site. [Activity]. Retrieved from http://media.pearsoncmg.com/ph/hss/shared_hss_assets/political_science/polisim_3/burnstimeline1.html
· An interactive time line that provides a visual representation of the important events in the struggles for equality of African Americans, Native Americans, and Latino Americans from 1775 to 2000.
· Accessibility Statement (Links to an external site.)Links to an external site.
· Privacy Policy (Links to an external site.)Links to an external site.
UChannel. (2010, Sept. 29). The way we never were: American families and the nostalgia trap (Links to an external site.)Links to an external site. [Video file]. Retrieved from http://youtu.be/MIeAnU7_7TA
· A recorded lecture given by a well-known and respected historian of United States families that examines the realities in opposition to common perceptions of the “traditional” family and some results of the social changes in the years after World War II. This video has closed captioning.
· Accessibility Statement (Links to an external site.)Links to an external site.
· Privacy_Policy (Links to an external site.)Links to an external site.
10.1 Origins of the Cold War
World War II left most of Europe in shambles. Millions were homeless because the war destroyed thousands of homes, businesses, and public buildings. The European economy was similarly devastated, with much of the industrial infrastructure destroyed or heavily damaged. Great Britain was heavily in debt to the United States and was forced to borrow even more to begin reconstruction. The Soviet Union had suffered severe population losses, including nearly 8.7 million military deaths and 19 million noncombat deaths from starvation, disease, and German prison camps and mass shootings. The USSR also experienced a significant reduction in industrial and food production in the immediate postwar period.
Unable to quickly rebuild, European business elites, conservatives, and even liberals lost ground to Socialists and Communists, who supported the nationalization of banks, manufacturing, and utilities. Smaller European nations such as Greece and Italy also saw major advances by their own homegrown Communist parties. At the wa ...
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10.1 Origins of the Cold WarWorld War II left most of Europe in .docxpaynetawnya
10.1 Origins of the Cold War
World War II left most of Europe in shambles. Millions were homeless because the war destroyed thousands of homes, businesses, and public buildings. The European economy was similarly devastated, with much of the industrial infrastructure destroyed or heavily damaged. Great Britain was heavily in debt to the United States and was forced to borrow even more to begin reconstruction. The Soviet Union had suffered severe population losses, including nearly 8.7 million military deaths and 19 million noncombat deaths from starvation, disease, and German prison camps and mass shootings. The USSR also experienced a significant reduction in industrial and food production in the immediate postwar period.
Unable to quickly rebuild, European business elites, conservatives, and even liberals lost ground to Socialists and Communists, who supported the nationalization of banks, manufacturing, and utilities. Smaller European nations such as Greece and Italy also saw major advances by their own homegrown Communist parties. At the war’s end, the United States, with its political stability and rapid economic growth, stood as the lone strong nation among the struggling former combatants. Still, some feared that a Communist upsurge could shake the United States and challenge the nation’s traditions of free enterprise and capitalism.
In this uncertain environment, despite its huge losses, the Soviet Union was the only other world power that had the ideological confidence and military might to join the United States in shaping the new world order. Although the United States and the USSR depended on one another for victory in the war, the alliance between them was tenuous. The Soviets’ Communist-based ideology, culture, and economic system, as well as the dictatorial control of Soviet leader Joseph Stalin, stood in stark contrast to American democratic values and capitalism. Although some hoped that the alliance between the two nations would last beyond the war, the relationship quickly began to unravel once the common threat of German aggression was removed.
The United States and the Soviet Union became locked in a protracted struggle in which their clash of ideas and values was as central as their military and diplomatic rivalry. Beginning in the immediate postwar era, this so-called Cold War was as integral to the restructuring of the new world order as was the physical rebuilding of war-torn Europe and Japan.
Roots of the Conflict
When Harry S. Truman assumed the presidency following Roosevelt’s death in April 1945, he faced some of the most delicate and worrisome troubles of any American president. With little experience in international affairs, he confronted the growing division between the United States and the Soviet Union that began during the war, as evidenced in the tensions over Poland at the Yalta conference. His decisions during and immediately after World War II fostered a half century of global competition with the ...
Similar to PUTIN PUTS IN WHEN NATO AND EU MOVE EAST (9)
नेपालले वर्तमानमा भोगिरहेको पारवहन सङ्कटको स्थितिमा तात्कालिक र दीर्घकालीन रुपमा रेसम मार्गको सान्दर्भिकता बुझ्न उपयोगी हुने ठानिएको यो लेख गत कार्तिक ३ गते अन्नपूर्ण पोस्टमा छापिएको थियो !
It throws lights on challenges of American Presidency and why Hillary Clinton is deserving candidates in 2016 presidential election , what are her challenges and others.
It throws lights on how a Pacific age has emerged after China's enormous rise and the strategic challenges that China faces and its Silk Road strategy to cope with such challenges.
संवैधानिक, कानुनी, राजनीतिक, सामाजिक, सांस्कृतिक र आर्थिक संस्था र संगठनहरू कसैको नियन्त्रणमा छैनन्। मुलुकमा कुनै सन्तुलनकारी शक्ति छैन। बाह्य शक्तिहरूका परस्परविरोधी स्वार्थको प्रकट र प्रच्छन्न अभिव्यक्ति र क्रियाकलापविरुद्ध उनीहरूलाई संयमित रहने र सचेत गराउने संस्थाको अभावमा मुलुकको एकता र अखण्डतामाथि मुलुकभित्र र बाहिरबाट पनि प्रश्नैप्रश्नको ओइरो लागेको छ।
The article describes about the inspiring personality of wold's most influential foreign policy analyst of our time and his majestic recent book" World Order"
The return of Mackinder’s Heartland Theory with new strategic development in Eurasia, Defense Partnership and Alliances in the Heartland, Major Asian Power- Groping their way Amid Extremism including Test Case for India and China in Strategic Asia .
भारत र चीन को उदयसंगै जापान संगको सम्वन्धमा उनिहरुको प्रभाव र शक्ति विस्तारको क्रममा एसियामा विकाश हुँदै गएको रणनीतिक चुनौतीमा नेपालका चुनौती र सम्भावना बारे चर्चा गरिएको लेख
ठूला र शक्तिशाली राष्ट्रहरुको अत्यन्त जटील भूराजनीतिक स्वार्थहरुको भुङ्ग्रोमा साना राष्ट्रहरुले कसरी आफ्नो राजनीतिक स्थीरता,आर्थिक संवृद्धि, राष्ट्रिय सुरक्षा र प्रजातान्त्रिक प्रणालीको सफलतालाई सुनिश्चित गर्न सक्छन भन्ने बारे नेपालको सन्दर्भमा प्रकाश पारिएको लेख
It throws lights on the links between King Birendra's Zone of Peace Proposal, BP Koiraalaa's Policy of National Reconciliation and India's policy of Nepal's Tarai
यो लेखमा नरेन्द्र मोदीको पछिल्लो नेपाल भ्रमणमा उनले नेपालमा आर्जन गरेको विश्वासको सङ्क्षिप्त वर्णन सहित भाजपाको विदेशनीतिका मार्ग दर्शक सिद्धान्त, नेपालको सन्दर्भमा त्यसको मर्म र अर्थ सहित अटल बिहारी बाजपेयी सरकारको नीतिको निरन्तरताको क्रममा मनमोहन सिंह सरकारको पालामा नेपालमा राजतन्त्रको समाप्तिका सन्दर्भ सहित नेपाल भारत सम्वन्धमा भावी सम्भावना उल्लेख गरिएको छ I
NARENDRA MODI’S AND XI JINPING’S HISTORIC ROLES AMID THREATS AND CHALLENGESKeshav Prasad Bhattarai
Includes- Contradictions in India and China Relations ,India and China: Living with the Common Threats of Terrorism and Joint Responsibility of Modi and Jinping
पानीसिर्जित संकट र चुनौती,समस्या पानी, समाधान पानी,नेपाल र भारत र बृहत्तररूपमा दक्षिण एसियाका मुलुकमाझ यिनै अभ्यास, मूल्य, संस्कृति, संरचना र अभिप्रेरणा लगानी गर्नमा भारतको नयाँ राजनीतिक नेतृत्वको दूरदृष्टि, इच्छाशक्ति र प्रतिबद्धता अपेक्षित छ ।
How Americans are loved in Vietnam despite a brutal war? How China has to secure global leadership amid so many internal and external challenges? How China is eager to claim a global leadership - while living with Few Friends but with more Rivals? What are the prospective Political Reforms that follows the full commitment to UNIVERSAL HUMAN VALUES, CAN GIVE CHINA A WIDER GLOBAL RECOGNITION AND ACCEPTABILITY FOR ITS GLOBAL LEADERSHIP.
शक्ति र सत्तामा रहेकाहरुको आर्थिक स्वार्थमा, आधात पर्ने वित्तिकै कसरी शासन सत्ता ढल्दछ, र कसरी सरकारहरु आम जनताको हितमा आवश्यक प्रभावकारी आर्थिक नीति अवलम्वन गर्न र प्रजातन्त्रलाई सवाल बनाउन भन्दा-- शासक वर्गकै हितमा केन्द्रित राज्य संचालन नीति अवलम्वन गर्न पुग्छन, भन्ने वारे नेपाल र विश्व सन्दर्भ समेटिएको लेख
प्रजातन्त्र कसरी अशासित पहुन्छ र कुशासन र निरङ्कुश शासनभन्दा खराव हुन पुग्दछ,
विकल्प निरंकुशता कि विधिहीनता ? तथा यक्ष युधिष्ठिर सम्वाद, धर्म र कानुनलाई हाम्रो सन्दर्भमा प्रस्तुत गरिएको I
It tells about what helped Narendra Modi be elected as India’s new prime minister and the new geo-political reset it demands.
While there was huge propaganda against Modi as a Hindu extremist supported mainly by Sadhus and saints, the elections revealed it were Indian youths who took him as an avatar of modernity and progress.
In reputed international Media, rise of Modi was claimed as India’s Abe, but Chinese experts have analyzed - he can be India’s Nixon.
If Modi’s rise and the new geo-strategic significances it carried, are well realized and if is followed with suitable policy adjustments in world capitals, the world will certainly be able to solve major global problems with grand new possibilities. Instead, if major powers fail to understand its significance with Modi, the world may make efforts to form new alliances that may initiate a new phase of Cold War.
Scandal! Teasers June 2024 on etv Forum.co.zaIsaac More
Monday, 3 June 2024
Episode 47
A friend is compelled to expose a manipulative scheme to prevent another from making a grave mistake. In a frantic bid to save Jojo, Phakamile agrees to a meeting that unbeknownst to her, will seal her fate.
Tuesday, 4 June 2024
Episode 48
A mother, with her son's best interests at heart, finds him unready to heed her advice. Motshabi finds herself in an unmanageable situation, sinking fast like in quicksand.
Wednesday, 5 June 2024
Episode 49
A woman fabricates a diabolical lie to cover up an indiscretion. Overwhelmed by guilt, she makes a spontaneous confession that could be devastating to another heart.
Thursday, 6 June 2024
Episode 50
Linda unwittingly discloses damning information. Nhlamulo and Vuvu try to guide their friend towards the right decision.
Friday, 7 June 2024
Episode 51
Jojo's life continues to spiral out of control. Dintle weaves a web of lies to conceal that she is not as successful as everyone believes.
Monday, 10 June 2024
Episode 52
A heated confrontation between lovers leads to a devastating admission of guilt. Dintle's desperation takes a new turn, leaving her with dwindling options.
Tuesday, 11 June 2024
Episode 53
Unable to resort to violence, Taps issues a verbal threat, leaving Mdala unsettled. A sister must explain her life choices to regain her brother's trust.
Wednesday, 12 June 2024
Episode 54
Winnie makes a very troubling discovery. Taps follows through on his threat, leaving a woman reeling. Layla, oblivious to the truth, offers an incentive.
Thursday, 13 June 2024
Episode 55
A nosy relative arrives just in time to thwart a man's fatal decision. Dintle manipulates Khanyi to tug at Mo's heartstrings and get what she wants.
Friday, 14 June 2024
Episode 56
Tlhogi is shocked by Mdala's reaction following the revelation of their indiscretion. Jojo is in disbelief when the punishment for his crime is revealed.
Monday, 17 June 2024
Episode 57
A woman reprimands another to stay in her lane, leading to a damning revelation. A man decides to leave his broken life behind.
Tuesday, 18 June 2024
Episode 58
Nhlamulo learns that due to his actions, his worst fears have come true. Caiphus' extravagant promises to suppliers get him into trouble with Ndu.
Wednesday, 19 June 2024
Episode 59
A woman manages to kill two birds with one stone. Business doom looms over Chillax. A sobering incident makes a woman realize how far she's fallen.
Thursday, 20 June 2024
Episode 60
Taps' offer to help Nhlamulo comes with hidden motives. Caiphus' new ideas for Chillax have MaHilda excited. A blast from the past recognizes Dintle, not for her newfound fame.
Friday, 21 June 2024
Episode 61
Taps is hungry for revenge and finds a rope to hang Mdala with. Chillax's new job opportunity elicits mixed reactions from the public. Roommates' initial meeting starts off on the wrong foot.
Monday, 24 June 2024
Episode 62
Taps seizes new information and recruits someone on the inside. Mary's new job
Skeem Saam in June 2024 available on ForumIsaac More
Monday, June 3, 2024 - Episode 241: Sergeant Rathebe nabs a top scammer in Turfloop. Meikie is furious at her uncle's reaction to the truth about Ntswaki.
Tuesday, June 4, 2024 - Episode 242: Babeile uncovers the truth behind Rathebe’s latest actions. Leeto's announcement shocks his employees, and Ntswaki’s ordeal haunts her family.
Wednesday, June 5, 2024 - Episode 243: Rathebe blocks Babeile from investigating further. Melita warns Eunice to stay clear of Mr. Kgomo.
Thursday, June 6, 2024 - Episode 244: Tbose surrenders to the police while an intruder meddles in his affairs. Rathebe's secret mission faces a setback.
Friday, June 7, 2024 - Episode 245: Rathebe’s antics reach Kganyago. Tbose dodges a bullet, but a nightmare looms. Mr. Kgomo accuses Melita of witchcraft.
Monday, June 10, 2024 - Episode 246: Ntswaki struggles on her first day back at school. Babeile is stunned by Rathebe’s romance with Bullet Mabuza.
Tuesday, June 11, 2024 - Episode 247: An unexpected turn halts Rathebe’s investigation. The press discovers Mr. Kgomo’s affair with a young employee.
Wednesday, June 12, 2024 - Episode 248: Rathebe chases a criminal, resorting to gunfire. Turf High is rife with tension and transfer threats.
Thursday, June 13, 2024 - Episode 249: Rathebe traps Kganyago. John warns Toby to stop harassing Ntswaki.
Friday, June 14, 2024 - Episode 250: Babeile is cleared to investigate Rathebe. Melita gains Mr. Kgomo’s trust, and Jacobeth devises a financial solution.
Monday, June 17, 2024 - Episode 251: Rathebe feels the pressure as Babeile closes in. Mr. Kgomo and Eunice clash. Jacobeth risks her safety in pursuit of Kganyago.
Tuesday, June 18, 2024 - Episode 252: Bullet Mabuza retaliates against Jacobeth. Pitsi inadvertently reveals his parents’ plans. Nkosi is shocked by Khwezi’s decision on LJ’s future.
Wednesday, June 19, 2024 - Episode 253: Jacobeth is ensnared in deceit. Evelyn is stressed over Toby’s case, and Letetswe reveals shocking academic results.
Thursday, June 20, 2024 - Episode 254: Elizabeth learns Jacobeth is in Mpumalanga. Kganyago's past is exposed, and Lehasa discovers his son is in KZN.
Friday, June 21, 2024 - Episode 255: Elizabeth confirms Jacobeth’s dubious activities in Mpumalanga. Rathebe lies about her relationship with Bullet, and Jacobeth faces theft accusations.
Monday, June 24, 2024 - Episode 256: Rathebe spies on Kganyago. Lehasa plans to retrieve his son from KZN, fearing what awaits.
Tuesday, June 25, 2024 - Episode 257: MaNtuli fears for Kwaito’s safety in Mpumalanga. Mr. Kgomo and Melita reconcile.
Wednesday, June 26, 2024 - Episode 258: Kganyago makes a bold escape. Elizabeth receives a shocking message from Kwaito. Mrs. Khoza defends her husband against scam accusations.
Thursday, June 27, 2024 - Episode 259: Babeile's skillful arrest changes the game. Tbose and Kwaito face a hostage crisis.
Friday, June 28, 2024 - Episode 260: Two women face the reality of being scammed. Turf is rocked by breaking
Are the X-Men Marvel or DC An In-Depth Exploration.pdfXtreame HDTV
The world of comic books is vast and filled with iconic characters, gripping storylines, and legendary rivalries. Among the most famous groups of superheroes are the X-Men. Created in the early 1960s, the X-Men have become a cultural phenomenon, featuring in comics, animated series, and blockbuster movies. A common question among newcomers to the comic book world is: Are the X-Men Marvel or DC? This article delves into the history, creators, and significant moments of the X-Men to provide a comprehensive answer.
Panchayat Season 3 - Official Trailer.pdfSuleman Rana
The dearest series "Panchayat" is set to make a victorious return with its third season, and the fervor is discernible. The authority trailer, delivered on May 28, guarantees one more enamoring venture through the country heartland of India.
Jitendra Kumar keeps on sparkling as Abhishek Tripathi, the city-reared engineer who ends up functioning as the secretary of the Panchayat office in the curious town of Phulera. His nuanced depiction of a young fellow exploring the difficulties of country life while endeavoring to adjust to his new environmental factors has earned far and wide recognition.
Neena Gupta and Raghubir Yadav return as Manju Devi and Brij Bhushan Dubey, separately. Their dynamic science and immaculate acting rejuvenate the hardships of town administration. Gupta's depiction of the town Pradhan with an ever-evolving outlook, matched with Yadav's carefully prepared exhibition, adds profundity and credibility to the story.
New Difficulties and Experiences
The trailer indicates new difficulties anticipating the characters, as Abhishek keeps on wrestling with his part in the town and his yearnings for a superior future. The series has reliably offset humor with social editorial, and Season 3 looks ready to dig much more profound into the intricacies of rustic organization and self-awareness.
Watchers can hope to see a greater amount of the enchanting and particular residents who have become fan top picks. Their connections and the one of a kind cut of-life situations give a reviving and interesting portrayal of provincial India, featuring the two its appeal and its difficulties.
A Mix of Humor and Heart
One of the signs of "Panchayat" is its capacity to mix humor with sincere narrating. The trailer features minutes that guarantee to convey giggles, as well as scenes that pull at the heartstrings. This equilibrium has been a critical calculate the show's prosperity, resounding with crowds across different socioeconomics.
Creation Greatness
The creation quality remaining parts first rate, with the beautiful setting of Phulera town filling in as a scenery that upgrades the narrating. The meticulousness in portraying provincial life, joined with sharp composition and solid exhibitions, guarantees that "Panchayat" keeps on hanging out in the packed web series scene.
Expectation and Delivery
As the delivery date draws near, expectation for "Panchayat" Season 3 is at a record-breaking high. The authority trailer has previously created critical buzz, with fans enthusiastically anticipating the continuation of Abhishek Tripathi's excursion and the new undertakings that lie ahead in Phulera.
All in all, the authority trailer for "Panchayat" Season 3 recommends that watchers are in for another drawing in and engaging ride. Yet again with its charming characters, convincing story, and ideal mix of humor and show, the new season is set to enamor crowds. Write in your schedules and prepare to get back to the endearing universe of "Panchayat."
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From Slave to Scourge: The Existential Choice of Django Unchained. The Philos...Rodney Thomas Jr
#SSAPhilosophy #DjangoUnchained #DjangoFreeman #ExistentialPhilosophy #Freedom #Identity #Justice #Courage #Rebellion #Transformation
Welcome to SSA Philosophy, your ultimate destination for diving deep into the profound philosophies of iconic characters from video games, movies, and TV shows. In this episode, we explore the powerful journey and existential philosophy of Django Freeman from Quentin Tarantino’s masterful film, "Django Unchained," in our video titled, "From Slave to Scourge: The Existential Choice of Django Unchained. The Philosophy of Django Freeman!"
From Slave to Scourge: The Existential Choice of Django Unchained – The Philosophy of Django Freeman!
Join me as we delve into the existential philosophy of Django Freeman, uncovering the profound lessons and timeless wisdom his character offers. Through his story, we find inspiration in the power of choice, the quest for justice, and the courage to defy oppression. Django Freeman’s philosophy is a testament to the human spirit’s unyielding drive for freedom and justice.
Don’t forget to like, comment, and subscribe to SSA Philosophy for more in-depth explorations of the philosophies behind your favorite characters. Hit the notification bell to stay updated on our latest videos. Let’s discover the principles that shape these icons and the profound lessons they offer.
Django Freeman’s story is one of the most compelling narratives of transformation and empowerment in cinema. A former slave turned relentless bounty hunter, Django’s journey is not just a physical liberation but an existential quest for identity, justice, and retribution. This video delves into the core philosophical elements that define Django’s character and the profound choices he makes throughout his journey.
Link to video: https://youtu.be/GszqrXk38qk
From the Editor's Desk: 115th Father's day Celebration - When we see Father's day in Hindu context, Nanda Baba is the most vivid figure which comes to the mind. Nanda Baba who was the foster father of Lord Krishna is known to provide love, care and affection to Lord Krishna and Balarama along with his wife Yashoda; Letter’s to the Editor: Mother's Day - Mother is a precious life for their children. Mother is life breath for her children. Mother's lap is the world happiness whose debt can never be paid.
Tom Selleck Net Worth: A Comprehensive Analysisgreendigital
Over several decades, Tom Selleck, a name synonymous with charisma. From his iconic role as Thomas Magnum in the television series "Magnum, P.I." to his enduring presence in "Blue Bloods," Selleck has captivated audiences with his versatility and charm. As a result, "Tom Selleck net worth" has become a topic of great interest among fans. and financial enthusiasts alike. This article delves deep into Tom Selleck's wealth, exploring his career, assets, endorsements. and business ventures that contribute to his impressive economic standing.
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Early Life and Career Beginnings
The Foundation of Tom Selleck's Wealth
Born on January 29, 1945, in Detroit, Michigan, Tom Selleck grew up in Sherman Oaks, California. His journey towards building a large net worth began with humble origins. , Selleck pursued a business administration degree at the University of Southern California (USC) on a basketball scholarship. But, his interest shifted towards acting. leading him to study at the Hills Playhouse under Milton Katselas.
Minor roles in television and films marked Selleck's early career. He appeared in commercials and took on small parts in T.V. series such as "The Dating Game" and "Lancer." These initial steps, although modest. laid the groundwork for his future success and the growth of Tom Selleck net worth. Breakthrough with "Magnum, P.I."
The Role that Defined Tom Selleck's Career
Tom Selleck's breakthrough came with the role of Thomas Magnum in the CBS television series "Magnum, P.I." (1980-1988). This role made him a household name and boosted his net worth. The series' popularity resulted in Selleck earning large salaries. leading to financial stability and increased recognition in Hollywood.
"Magnum P.I." garnered high ratings and critical acclaim during its run. Selleck's portrayal of the charming and resourceful private investigator resonated with audiences. making him one of the most beloved television actors of the 1980s. The success of "Magnum P.I." played a pivotal role in shaping Tom Selleck net worth, establishing him as a major star.
Film Career and Diversification
Expanding Tom Selleck's Financial Portfolio
While "Magnum, P.I." was a cornerstone of Selleck's career, he did not limit himself to television. He ventured into films, further enhancing Tom Selleck net worth. His filmography includes notable movies such as "Three Men and a Baby" (1987). which became the highest-grossing film of the year, and its sequel, "Three Men and a Little Lady" (1990). These box office successes contributed to his wealth.
Selleck's versatility allowed him to transition between genres. from comedies like "Mr. Baseball" (1992) to westerns such as "Quigley Down Under" (1990). This diversification showcased his acting range. and provided many income streams, reinforcing Tom Selleck net worth.
Television Resurgence with "Blue Bloods"
Sustaining Wealth through Consistent Success
In 2010, Tom Selleck began starring as Frank Reagan i
Maximizing Your Streaming Experience with XCIPTV- Tips for 2024.pdfXtreame HDTV
In today’s digital age, streaming services have become an integral part of our entertainment lives. Among the myriad of options available, XCIPTV stands out as a premier choice for those seeking seamless, high-quality streaming. This comprehensive guide will delve into the features, benefits, and user experience of XCIPTV, illustrating why it is a top contender in the IPTV industry.
In the vast landscape of cinema, stories have been told, retold, and reimagined in countless ways. At the heart of this narrative evolution lies the concept of a "remake". A successful remake allows us to revisit cherished tales through a fresh lens, often reflecting a different era's perspective or harnessing the power of advanced technology. Yet, the question remains, what makes a remake successful? Today, we will delve deeper into this subject, identifying the key ingredients that contribute to the success of a remake.
Meet Crazyjamjam - A TikTok Sensation | Blog EternalBlog Eternal
Crazyjamjam, the TikTok star everyone's talking about! Uncover her secrets to success, viral trends, and more in this exclusive feature on Blog Eternal.
Source: https://blogeternal.com/celebrity/crazyjamjam-leaks/
As a film director, I have always been awestruck by the magic of animation. Animation, a medium once considered solely for the amusement of children, has undergone a significant transformation over the years. Its evolution from a rudimentary form of entertainment to a sophisticated form of storytelling has stirred my creativity and expanded my vision, offering limitless possibilities in the realm of cinematic storytelling.
The Evolution of Animation in Film - Mark Murphy Director
PUTIN PUTS IN WHEN NATO AND EU MOVE EAST
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Keshav Prasad Bhattarai
“Two millennia of experience and mountains of knowledge have not made us much more
capable of managing our affairs than stone age people.”
According to Parag Khanna, former Malaysian Prime Minister Mahathir Bin Mohamed has said
the quote mention above.
Unfortunately, the recent crisis in Ukraine, Crimea’s integration with Russia, West’s sanctions
against it and further disturbances in Russian speaking Eastern Ukraine, has again validated
what Mahathir has said.
The Ukraine crisis and Crimean annexation in Russia has exhibited how powerful countries may
intimidate less powerful neighbors at their will and force them to surrender their independence.
However, this has raised many questions – that seeks immediate response from the United
States, Russia, European Union and from other major powers including China and India.
According to NATO Secretary General Anders Fogh Rasmussen, the crisis in Ukraine is a geo-
political “game-changer” for NATO Allies and hence they must strengthen their economic and
military ties in wake of Russia’s military aggression against Ukraine.
Rasmussen, during his tenure as NATO Secretary General has been trying hard in reinventing
and repurposing NATO and pleading to reaffirm the Allied commitment to collective defense,
and re-strengthening transatlantic bond. Under Rasmussen, NATO has gained a new
momentum in advancing his military strategy vis-à-vis Russia and indubitably he has now much
more serious subscribers among NATO member countries after Ukraine crisis.
On the other hand, Gordon Adams in Foreign Policy has recently termed American and
European policy towards Russia as “an emotional investment in a different answer than reality”.
Adams admits, that there is nothing about democracy, annexation, aggression or a new return
to the Cold War but “centuries-old Russian paranoia about the states on its borders and what
Moscow think the Europeans, the Chinese, or the Americans are up to in its near abroad.”
As quoted in The Atlantic the eminent Cold War historian John Lewis Gaddis says “NATO
enlargement as ill conceived, ill-timed, and above all ill-suited to the realities of the post-Cold
War world.” Peoples like George H.W. Bush’s national security advisor Brent Scowcroft and Bill
Clinton’s defense secretary, William Perry were skeptical of the idea of such expansion.
From the present crisis in Ukraine, one thing is obviously clear- the expansion of NATO and its
return to a confrontational and divided European policy further alienating Russia could not bring
stability and security in Eastern Europe.
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Undoubtedly, freedom and democracy are inalienable right of every people in this world, but
they have to build it for themselves. They have to develop it to suit to their culture and
traditions. In addition, no country in the world has the moral, legal, and political right to
prescribe the dose of freedom and democracy while offering tacit support to groups and parties
to incite and organize agitations and stage coups against the elected governments – however
with dubious record.
The idea of Freedom and democracy, when used as strategic tools to advance the strategic
interests of the bigger, richer, and powerful countries against the less fortunate and weaker of
their neighbors - the greatest ideas that have revolutionized people from time memorial, loses
its worth and meaning.
Take example, after World War II, China and Soviet Union used some heavy loaded words,
ideas, and principles - as weapons to expand and export their sense human freedom and
dignity through communist revolution. Their efforts mocked national independence of the
respective countries and all major global treaties, provisions, and reasons. However, when time
completely rejected the illogic of their aggressive revolutionary zeal, they suffered the heaviest
loss to their political morale and ideology. Millions of people who have sacrificed their blood and
energy for their kind of political and socio- economic system, turned into a terrible catastrophe.
Unfortunately, now, the West - in this or that way, is following the footmarks of former Soviet
Union and China under Mao. For their role – the undisputed values of freedom and democracy
is being mocked in many societies - as the mere propagandistic agendas are moved to advance
their strategic interests vis-à-vis other competing powers.
Because of this, the democratic movements whether with open or tacit support of Western
countries from Iraq to North Africa and from Thailand to Ukraine, have received heavy setback.
The West instead of building, developing and strengthening democracy in these countries, have
weakened its roots.
The way a state and group of states control themselves when their stars are high - defines their
character -- political, moral, and cultural. When the Berlin Wall fell, communism extended from
Berlin to the Far East collapsed. Even in the Middle Kingdom, China – representing largest
population of the world, adopted western economic model. The values of democracy, freedom,
and capitalism soared high in the sky with its inborn human values and moral authority - but
with diversities to suit their cultural roots and national experiences, had gained the strength and
authority to rule the world and create a stable global order.
But, when democracies in major countries whether the U.S., EU or India could not resist from
the temptations to use their over burgeoning political, economic and strategic power to use as a
tool to advance their strategic goals, the cause of democracy has suffered in many countries. In
the same way, when unilateral perceptions of national interests and self-defense became the
3. law of major powers - democracy in developing countries and in return national interests of
powerful countries have gone through heavy losses.
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Relations between and among nations according to a leading American scholar of the 20th
Century Hans J. Morgenthau - demands certain amount of rationality that “minimizes risks and
maximizes benefits”- complying both with “moral perceptions of prudence and the political
requirement of success”.
Morgenthau has also moved a theory of political realism in international relations that seeks
convergence between rationalism and realism in defining national interests of any country -
“universally valid” but relevance to changing time.
This is the point where major powers when are in high tide, find ease in ignoring.
Prominent personality - no other than Henry A. Kissinger, himself a student of Morgenthau, has
stated in his recent article in The Washington Post that says, “I have seen four wars begun with
great enthusiasm and public support, all of which we did not know how to end and from three
of which we withdrew unilaterally. The test of policy is how it ends, not how it begins.”
Unfortunately, the US has failed in most of the tests after World War II.
Three and half decade ago, Henry Kissinger in one of his books wrote, “If history teaches
anything it is that there can be no peace without equilibrium and no justice without restraint . .
. no nation could face or even define its choices without a moral compass that set a course
through the ambiguities of reality and thus made sacrifices meaningful. . . History knows no
resting places and no plateaus.” Earlier to this he has written, “History is not . . . a cookbook
offering pretested recipes it teaches by analogy, not by maxims.”
What Kissinger learnt from history and what he accomplished in the making and shaping of
American foreign policy – has always stand tall in the annals of world history.
In his books - Ending the Vietnam War and Years of Renewal, Kissinger has vividly described US
withdrawal from Vietnam. Recounting, “The Last Day” of that withdrawal, Kissinger has written
-“. . . neither Ford nor I could any longer influence the outcome; we had become spectators of
the final act. So we each sat in our offices, freed of other duties yet unable to affect the
ongoing tragedy, with serenity rarely experienced in high offices.”
As Kissinger noted, many of the top-level people in Ford administration were deeply moved with
tears in their eyes – for all the sacrifices American soldiers and their allies made in Vietnam, but
all the huge sacrifices made by thousands of Americans were not only ignored but also treated
ignominiously.
Robert M Gates – the only person in American history, who has served two presidents, has
recently come with a commendable book as his “Memoirs of a Secretary at War”. In his book
4. titled - Duty, Gates admits that - had he been the Defense Secretary during the winter of 2002-
2003, he would not have recommended the president to invade Iraq. The Iraq War (2003), not
only grinded down the US global credibility, it also eliminated “Iran’s worst enemy and resulted
in a significant strengthening of Teheran’s position in the region – and within Iraq itself”. One of
the most discredited wars that US fought with “monumental cost” killed the equilibrium in the
region and invited a geo-political debacle for American interest in the region.
It is a matter to note that the Iraq War was not an example it was a general trend being
adopted by American administrations.
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There was always some international mechanism created by major powers to maintain status
quo - to control the irrational behavior of only smaller power, but unfortunately, no such
instrument have been developed to check such activities on the part of major or super powers
themselves. They have their privilege to define their national interests in the region they belong
to and apply any means in defending them in their own terms – what so ever might be the case
of weaker or smaller power and inviolability of their national sovereignty.
A theory has come into existence in international relations termed as “Monroe Doctrine” since
1823, when US president James Monroe in his annual message to Congress warned European
powers not to interfere in the affairs of the Western Hemisphere. This means no other power
can extend its political or military influence in a region that is in close proximity to other major
power.
Following the Monroe Doctrine, after World War II, United States unilaterally has used force in
dozen plus countries: from Mexico to Chile and from Dominican Republic to Haiti. The most
recent was in Iraq and Libya.
Similar was the case with former Soviet Union. It had intervened in dozens of countries and the
most notable was Czechoslovakia. Central and Eastern Europe suffered ruthless domination and
intervention during the Soviet Era. Role of China in annexing Tibet, intervening in Korea, and
attacking on Vietnam and exporting communism in many countries of the world during Mao era
are known examples. The way India annexed Sikkim as Russia has occupied Crimea and India’s
role in the creation of a new independent nation - Bangladesh does not tell some different
story.
Undeniably, major global or regional power demands bigger prudence, sincerity, responsibility,
rationality and commitment in managing global or regional peace and order. Nevertheless,
when power – mainly in terms of military, economic and geostrategic, begin to speak louder
and is used as the weapon against the weaker countries and when even some small amount of
moral component seems missing in their behavior, ultimately its effects do not get confined in
cross border relations, but goes global. Evidences are seen everywhere – from Egypt and Syria
to Ukraine. This in turn is reflected in managing the domestic politics of such intervening
countries.
5. Therefore, what have failed in international politics are - diplomacy, dialogue, and the delivery
of justice. It is reason that must prevail in relations between and among the major powers
including the United States and Russia. Equally, they have failed in respecting geo-politics in
managing conflicts among nations in the recent past. This has caused the present standoff
between the West and Russia on Ukrainian crisis.
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The usurping political bureaucracy of the monolithic communist party, run in the name of poor
and deprived but working in contrast to their dignity and long-term security, could not compete
with the values of individual freedom, representative democracy, and state accountability.
Therefore, western political model gained high tide - unprecedented in human history. The
leader of this greatest historic event was the United States. The world with their political
values, most innovative ideas, and economic principles was mainly Americanized and
Europeanized.
At no time in history, any country had succeeded in building the greatest moral empire with
values of freedom and human dignity. Indubitably, it was “The End of History”.
Undoubtedly, the communist world could not prove its moral superiority against western
democracy. It might have studied the hundreds years of human history and drew its conclusion
- but it failed to read the basic nature of human beings, their inner drive for freedom and the
socio-economic and political system that can address their natural inclination.
Failures to prove moral superiority caused the collapse of Communist World. It was one of the
greatest achievements in its account. But, unfortunately, America – the undisputed moral
leader of democratic world carrying the values of freedom and democracy as tools to expand itd
strategic interests, has turned out to be a trader than a leader of the greater democratic world.
Thereafter, the uncontested global leader of freedom, democracy, and human dignity followed
a path to collect strategic benefits as much it can, after the collapse of communism.
What was more painful for Russian people was that throughout the communist rule – America
had stood as their moral leader in their fights for freedom and democracy. After the demise of
Soviet Union, they looked at the United States with the high hopes and regards as their savior.
The Russians had a huge reservoir of goodwill and trust for the American government and
people. Flowingly, Russia discarded communism, dissolved Warsaw Pact, and played rather a
facilitating role in the independence of Eastern European and Central Asian countries.
But, but, but, America failed to return the good will exhibited by the Russian people. The great
country with ancient civilization, a country that had always played a crucial role in shaping the
course of world history and had helped Europe remain safe from almost all imperial wars fought
to dominate Europe, suffered untold humiliation at the hands of America and its European
allies.
America preoccupied with anti- Soviet mentality of the Cold War, did make every effort to
humiliate the national pride of the Russian people. They did not help Russia in a substantial way
6. to emerge as a fully democratic country - that was much eager to adopt western values. Had
America and NATO family been some more cautious and sympathetic to Russian national pride
and refrain from extending NATO and its military installation eastward to the Russian border,
Russians by now could have developed a vibrant democracy friendlier to America and Western
Europe.
The behavior Russians received at the hands of American and NATO strategists forced Russians
become nostalgic to old Soviet days. The result of this has been power, and prominence that
Vladimir Putin has earned in Russia today.
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States as a certain territory do not exist with national and international laws or negotiations
with national and international parties - but they survive with shared hopes and shared efforts
of its people to create a nation for them with a shared history with their shared sacrifice for the
nation hood. If such territory has number of honest, visionary and competent political leaders
that can translate peoples’ hope and inspiration into effective national policies and programs
through a government elected by fairly and commonly accepted democratic values and
procedures, then states as nations exists and prosper.
Moreover, with the existence of a sound international system that can effectively protect them
against any geo- strategic, political or military interests of nations or group of nations and
with the independence of its actions inside its territory, a nation survives and thrives.
But, if states within a defined territory do not have the terms and conditions as mentioned
above- there will be many Ukraine, Afghanistan, Iraq, Libya, Egypt, and Syria. Although they
cannot exist successfully as a national unit, they can pose threat to major powers for their
security and other vital national interests.
Geostrategic interests always clashes among nations and are confined to some geographical
periphery of some major countries – including Russia. Victor Sebestyen in The New York Times
says Ukrainian Crisis is not the beginning of a new Cold War, or any global military challenge,
clash of civilizations or ideological threat to western democracies.
After Soviet Union collapsed, Russia was in urgent need of a strong leader - with vision,
courage, and conviction with ability to offer them a nation with honor. In this endeavor, Russian
people invented Vladimir Putin - probably fitting well in their mind. He has a unique opportunity
to deal with three American presidents from Bill Clinton to Barack Obama and as a KGB officer
has seen how the mighty Soviet empire collapsed under the pressure of its internal weakness –
an unaccountable government followed by its inevitable outcomes: economic failures and
people’s ire against an unrepresentative monolithic communist state.
If he can manage the political course of his country, Vladimir Putin will be presiding the
world’s largest country with massive nuclear capacity only next to the United States - for about
a quarter of this Century.
7. However demonized by Western media for his role in knocking down political dissent and
annexing Crimea, all the three US presidents from Bill Clinton to Barrack Obama have found
some outstanding qualities in him. For example, former US president Bill Clinton in his book MY
Life (2005) has admitted that Putin “had the skills and capacity for hard work necessary to
manage the turbulent political and economic life” and “tough enough to hold Russia together”.
Similarly, Clinton’s successor President George W. Bush in his book – Decisions Points, while
answering a question if “Putin was a man that Americans can trust”, he answered “Yes” and
further elaborated “I looked the man in the eyes . . . was able to get a sense of his soul.” Bush
has further acknowledged, “Putin was the first leader to call the White House on September 11”
and in a rare gesture of solidarity Putin agreed, “To open Russian airspace to American military
planes and use his influence with the former Soviet republics to help get our troops into
Afghanistan. Putin even ordered Russian Generals “to brief their American counterparts on
their experience during their Afghanistan invasion in the 1980”.
Even President Obama in a press conference in August last year said that Putin was blunt,
candid, and often constructive.
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Had the NATO and EU realized the moral strength of freedom and democracy and could have
resisted themselves from the temptation of collecting the narrow-minded strategic advantage
from the collapse of communism, and had they allowed democracy run its course in the Eastern
Europe - the whole Eurasian region would have turned their moral empire. A new face of socio-
political and economic culture could have emerged that could ultimately validate Francis
Fukuyama’s “End of History”.
Clearly,the West could not honor with this excellent opportunity. Spiegal, a German online
newspaper and The Atlantic , an American magazine has recalled an event that will continue to
define future course of European history. According to Spiegel, on February 9, 1990, in St.
Catherine's Hall at the Kremlin, during the negotiations over German reunification - the US
secretary of state James A Baker made a promise with Soviet leader Mikhail Gorbachev that if
the Soviets allowed Germany to reunify, NATO would not even move “one inch” further east
and not even into the former East Germany itself.
Next day in a similar a meeting between Gorbachev and West German Chancellor Helmut Kohl,
German Chancellor also assured the Soviet leader that “naturally NATO could not expand its
territory” into East Germany. In a parallel meeting between West German Foreign Minister
Hans-Dietrich Genscher and Soviet Foreign Minister Eduard Shevardnadze, Genscher reassured
Shevardnadze that they stand firm - “NATO will not expand to the East.”
However, none of the assurances were in written form and as the Soviet Union began to
implode, the agreement was ignored and NATO forces moved into the old East Germany.
Russian President Boris Yeltsin complained that NATO’s eastward march had violated the
assurances given by the American and German leaders, but a weakened Russia was in no
position to do anything about it.
8. There are claims and counter claims about it. Spiegel says the documents have proved the
Russian position. James A Baker denies of any such deal between him and Gorbachev but the
U.S. Ambassador in Moscow during that time - Jack Matlock admits that the U.S. had made a
clear commitment of this kind.
After Soviet Union collapsed, NATO extended its membership to former Soviet bloc countries
bordering the Soviet Union - Hungary, Poland, and Czechoslovakia, in 1999. In 2004, it
extended its membership to seven other countries: Bulgaria, Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania,
Romania, Slovakia, and Slovenia and among them Estonia, Latvia, and Lithuania were part of
former Soviet Union. Again, in 2009 Albania and Croatia were admitted as NATO member
countries. During the Soviet Era when Moscow was more than 2700 kilometers away from a
NATO country, today it is just about 800 kilometers away. Moreover, Ukraine, Georgia,
Moldova, Kazakhstan, Armenia, and Azerbaijan in Eastern Europe and Central Asia have
developed close military relations with NATO and among them; Georgia and now Ukraine are
two aspiring NATO member countries with chilling relations Russia. This way Russia has found
itself surrounded by a group of countries hostile to its interests. According to Russian analyst,
these countries are heavily provoked by the United States and Europe against Russia. In
Central Asia too, Russia has a feeling of a strategic encirclement by the United States and to
some extents by China.
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In principle, any sovereign country deserves the right to join any political or military groupings.
Nevertheless, the question remains - while the United States has denied such rights to any
country in Western Hemisphere – throughout history, how can it claim such rights extended to
the Russian border?
The Russians had compromised with the fate of their country and had accepted all this as
helpless spectator. It emboldened the NATO to move further eastwards. Naturally, Russians
considered this as a part of the comprehensive strategy of the West to ignore and humiliate
Russian national honor and undermine their vital security interests – even to destabilize Russian
Federation. The move to award NATO membership to Georgia and Ukraine has the ended
Russian patience and the present crisis emerged.
Undoubtedly, if countries like the United States and powerful European countries are tempted
to encourage dissatisfactions against governments anywhere from Egypt and Syria and from to
Ukraine and Russia, it is hard for any country to maintain law and order within its territory. The
governments naturally use security forces to control them and if foreign powers are engaged in
supplying even arms and ammunition against an elected government – even under a
controversial situation- it will only open Pandora’s Box and then only chaos rules.
Without any love for communism, similar to Vladimir Putin, huge majority of Russians seems to
have common feelings that fall of Soviet Union was a great geo-political disaster of history.
However, the analysts say that they do have no ambition to reestablish old Soviet order and
they clearly know it is against the basic rationale of 21st Century statecraft. But, as a proud
9. nation from the ancient time, they want to live within a secured border – with peace and
stability of their socio-political system.
In history, Russians fought many wars. They were also attacked by European powers like
France and Germany under Napoleon and Hitler. They had fought against the powerful Ottoman
Empire that was in alliance with major European powers like France and Great Britain known as
Crimea War (1853-56). It was also assaulted by Japan and China.
Russia considers the West wants to encircle it and break into pieces. It also fears China in its
South that had seceded the territory left of bank of Amur River from Russia in 1858. Russia still
has some territorial disputes with Japan. It knows it cannot fight with NATO and other
European powers and therefore will not confront them directly - unless threatened against its
vital security. Russia as well as the West also know that there remains no permanent hurdle
between Russia and the West that could not be mended.
Similarly, Peace with Russia is in the best interests of Central and East European countries from
Poland and Czech Republic to Georgia and Ukraine. Likewise, it is in the best interests of major
West European powers like Germany, France, and Britain. Even to fight with the army of a
minor power Libya under Muammar Gaddafi, France and Britain were in urgent need of
American backup – while Russia is the second most powerful country in terms of military power
after the United States - especially in nuclear arsenals. Therefore, to win in an all-out war
between the West and Russia for the countries east of Poland is next to impossible.
But, this does not mean that Russia is major power that can decide the course of events in
Eastern Europe. Its economy and defense capabilities are no match with that of NATO and
other European powers. A major conflict between Russia and NATO may bring devastating
results for Europe, but undoubtedly, it will force Russia to see more dreadful days than the fall
of Soviet Union.
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It is harder for America to get involved in any other major conflict in Europe after Iraq and
Afghanistan. America knows it much better than any country that Russia is not Iraq, Libya, or
Syria. With Russia, it does have no ideological, religious or cultural differences. It also needs
Russian help to resolve the Syrian crisis and nuclear build up of Iran.
European Union needs Russia for its huge oil and gas reserve and Russian market for its
productions. Partnership with Russia in trade and defense will be highly beneficial for its crisis
torn economy. Russia will also be a huge job market for EU. Therefore, any strategic ploy to
beat Russia, air geopolitical rivalry and destabilize it may backfire EU - with the emergence of
extremist power in Russia – that have not yet reconciled with the fall of Soviet Empire.
Therefore, taking confidence of Russia by respecting its national concerns in promoting internal
cohesion in Eastern European countries, and deepening trust between Russia and former Soviet
Union and Soviet bloc countries will have tremendous positive impacts in building democracy
10. and building nations in the region. Russia in return will also be heavily benefitted by the
multiple economic opportunities available for it in Eastern and Western Europe.
The United States has to play a lead role here. More conflicts and more U.S. involvement will
not only erase its defense power capability, its economic cost will be execrably high and beyond
its national capacity. It will also weaken its lead role on global affairs –it has been playing for
more than six decades. The worst sufferer will become the values of freedom and democracy
and its supporters worldwide. With a weakened America, they will have to live with weakened
morale.
Here it becomes worthwhile to share an interesting meeting between newly elected French
President Nicholas Sarkozy and U.S. Secretary of State Condoleezza Rice as reported by Adam
Gopnik in the New Yorker on August 2007. Besides other things, Gopanik has said that Sarkozy
was among the few people in Élysée Palace with deep regards for America. Encouraged with
Sarkozy coming to power, and to exhibit a gesture of good will - U.S. President George W. Bush
immediately sent Secretary Rice to France.
According to Gopanik, when Sarkozy met Condoleezza Rice, she asked, “What can I do for
you?” And Sarkozy replied, bluntly, “Improve your image in the world. It’s difficult when the
country that is the most powerful, the most successful-that is, of necessity, the leader of our
side-is one of the most unpopular countries in the world. It presents overwhelming problems for
you and overwhelming problems for your allies. So do everything you can to improve the way
you’re perceived-that’s what you can do for me. I think it’s entirely possible; the reservoir of
good will has been drained somewhat, but it is far from dry. Look how much the image of
France has changed in the United States in eight weeks.”
Sarkozy was speaking not only his mind but he was representing all those who love America
and want America remain strong, powerful but also highly popular so that the baton of freedom
and democracy stand tall and go taller. And perhaps Sarkozy was speaking for Russian people
and its leader Vladimir Putin too.
kpbnepal@gmail.com
Eurasia Review, April 8, 2014
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