The document discusses the four main purposes of government which are to maintain social order through laws and courts, provide essential public services like education and healthcare, make decisions to safeguard the national economy, and provide national security through the military. It also outlines the six main goals of the US government as stated in the Preamble to the Constitution, which are to form a more perfect union, establish justice, ensure domestic tranquility, provide for the common defense, promote the general welfare, and secure blessings of liberty. The document examines different theories on the origins of the state and how people come to power.

1. People and Government

2. Four Essential Features of
The State
• Population
– The people that make up the State
– Populations can be either homogenous or
heterogeneous
• Territory
– An area with fixed boundaries
– Can change because of war, purchase, annexation
• Sovereignty
– Absolute authority, within its territorial boundaries
• Government
– Maintains order, provides services, enforces decisions
– CIA World Factbook

3. State vs. Country?
• State and country generally have the
same meaning
– Political community
– definite boundaries
– Sovereignty – freedom to make rules and
laws without getting approval from another
– independent government

4. Section –I
Principles of Government
• How many countries are there in the world
today?
• The answer…
• 200 is probably the best current answer to
the question.

5. Why is there not an exact number?
• There are dozens of territories and
colonies that are sometimes erroneously
called "countries" but don't count at all
– Bermuda
– Puerto Rico
– Greenland
– Northern Ireland
– Scotland
– they're not fully independent countries

6. So, are PA and NY countries?
• Not exactly
• Political divisions in the United States are
called states because:
• When the colonies banded together to
fight the British, they thought of
themselves as independent countries.
• Under the Articles of Confederation the
states were indepedent

7. Population
• Race –
• Ethnicity –
• Nationality -

8. Race
• A group of people identified as distinct
from other groups because of supposed
physical or genetic traits. “The way you
look”
• Some biologists and anthropologists do
not recognize race as a biologically valid
classification. Race is "merely a social
construct.

9. Race
• It is difficult to say a person belongs to a
specific race because there are so many
variations such as skin color.

10. Ethnicity
• a socially defined category of people who
identify with each other based on common
ancestral, social, cultural or national
experience
– Physical characteristics
– Linguistics
– Can you ever shed your ethnicity?

11. Nationality
• is the legal relationship between a person
and a state

12. DNA Discussion Project
• Have you ever wondered about the origins of your
family? Are you curious about your ethnicity or race?
Have you heard or told stories about your family's past?
Would you like to know the truth behind family secrets?
There happens to be a scientific way to answer all these
questions with a high level of accuracy. It is called DNA.
• DNA Discussion Project

13. DNA Discussion Project
• In the long run, we hope to expand the project to
include elementary and high school students in
the region. By encouraging greater
understanding of the science of genetics, the
construction of race, and the perception of
ethnicity, we hope to expand the dialogue about
diversity in our community.

14. Power????
•How do people come to
power???

15. Theories of the Origin of the
State

16. Theories of the Origin of the
State
•Evolution
–Evolved from the
family

17. Theories of the Origin of the
State
•Force
•Submit authority to a
ruling force

18. Theories of the Origin of the
State
•Divine Right
•Rulers were chosen by
god

19. Theories of the Origin of the
State
•Social Contract Theory
• People gave Gov't power in return for
safety
• A government of “rules” not “rulers”

20. Locke vs. Hobbes
• Hobbes – “state of nature” world without
gov’t, “nasty, brutish, short”
• Locke – “life, liberty, and property”

21. The Purposes/Role of
Government
• Americans are affected by government in
countless ways every day.
• National, state, and local governments
make decisions and run programs that
impact our daily lives.
• Unfortunately, most Americans give little
to no thought about the extent of the
government’s role.

23. Purposes of
Government
Name: ___________________________________ PD. __________________
American Systems: Purposes and Preamble Quiz
Part I: Purposes
Directions: Complete the chart below. Fill in the 4 purposes of gov’t and 2 examples for each.

24. American Systems
Mr. Santangelo
Directions: Read about the four purposes of government on pages 9-11 in your textbook and
write them in the appropriate bubbles, and then provide at least 2 examples for each purpose
Purposes of
Government
Name___________________________
Maintain
Social
Order
Make Economic
Decisions
Provide
Services
National
Security

25. The Purposes of Government
• Maintain Social Order
– Courts
– Pay Taxes
– Makes laws

26. The Purposes of Government
• Provide Essential Public Services
– School
– Police and Fire Services
– FDA
– Construction of Highways

27. The Purposes of Government
• National Security
– Armed Services
– Alliances or Treaties
– United Nations
– CIA

28. Control the Nations Economy
• Make Economic Decisions
– Money Supply
– Currency
– Interest Rate
– Banking
– Taxes
• Capitalism
• Socialism
• Communism

29. American Systems
Mr. Paone
Directions: Read about the four purposes of government on pages 9-11 in your textbook and
write them in the appropriate bubbles, and then provide at least 2 examples for each purpose
Purposes of
Government
Public Services
Safeguard the
Economy
Social Order
National
Security
Alliances and
Foreign Affairs Taxes
Minimum Wage
Collecting
Taxes
Education
Healthcare
WelfareCourt
System
Military:
Army/Navy
Make and
Enforce Laws
Name___________________________

30. Purposes of the American
Government
• Preamble

31. Preamble
• Introduction to the US Constitution
• Six Goals of the US Government

33. • Form a More Perfect Union
– Promote Cooperation between the states

34. • Establish Justice
– Make fair laws and treat all citizens equally.

35. • Insure Domestic Tranquility
– Keep communities safe from crime and
disorder

36. • Provide for the Common Defense
– Prevent attacks from foreign nations

37. • Promote the General Welfare
– Improve the quality of people’s lives

38. • Secure the Blessings of Liberty
– Allow people to be free from unnecessary and
unjust laws

39. • How well is the United States doing in
terms of achieving its goals?