This document provides an overview of the origins of the American system of government. It begins with a poll showing that 87% of Americans trust the government only some of the time, highlighting the importance of studying how the government was designed. It then discusses the influence of ancient Greek and Roman ideas of direct and representative democracy on the development of the American system. The text also examines the key philosophical influences of Hobbes, Locke, and the social contract theory. Finally, it introduces some of the major documents and compromises that shaped the founding of the U.S., including the Articles of Confederation, the Constitutional Convention, and debates around the Virginia and New Jersey Plans for representation in Congress.
The document summarizes key facts about the United States Constitution, including that it was written in 1787 in Philadelphia in response to weaknesses of the Articles of Confederation. It established the three branches of government and was influenced by several historical documents promoting ideas like separation of powers and individual rights. While some limitations on government power were put in place, the Constitution is still seen as highly relevant today for establishing the foundational framework and principles of American democracy.
The United States Constitution was created on September 17, 1787 by 55 delegates to the Philadelphia Convention. It was drafted in response to the failures of the Articles of Confederation and to establish a stronger federal government with three branches that have checks and balances. The Constitution was influenced by several historical documents and defines the rights of Americans. It remains a relevant governing document in the United States today due to its establishment of democracy, separation of powers, and limits on governmental authority.
The document discusses the origins and causes of the Great Depression in the United States from 1929-1941, including extreme wealth inequality, overproduction, and a stock market crash. It then covers President Hoover's unsuccessful response and the growth of "Hoovervilles" before introducing Franklin D. Roosevelt and his "New Deal" programs designed to provide relief, recovery, and reform through massive government intervention, including the Works Progress Administration, Social Security, and initiatives to help farmers, the unemployed, and public works projects. The New Deal helped end the Depression but also significantly expanded the role of the federal government in the economy and society.
The document discusses several compromises that were made during the creation of the US Constitution. It describes the Virginia Plan which proposed a strong national government with representation based on population, and the New Jersey Plan which proposed equal representation for each state. It then discusses the Great Compromise, which proposed having two houses of Congress - a Senate with two representatives per state and a House based on population. It also discusses the Three-Fifths Compromise for counting slaves, compromises around trade and slavery, and the creation of the Electoral College to elect the President.
Enlightened despotism referred to absolute monarchs who were influenced by Enlightenment ideals like rationality and applied them to their territories. Frederick the Great of Prussia, Joseph II of Austria, and Catherine the Great of Russia all pursued some Enlightened policies like religious toleration, legal reforms, and economic improvements, but their reforms were limited and did not significantly curb their absolute power over subjects. Joseph II tried to centralize authority the most and extend Enlightenment thinking to the Catholic Church, but faced resistance and had to repeal some decrees.
The French Revolution from 1789-1799 transformed France from an absolute monarchy to a republic. It was influenced by Enlightenment ideas and the American Revolution. Economic troubles and poor harvests led to unrest and the storming of the Bastille prison in 1789. A National Assembly declared a constitutional monarchy but divisions grew. Radical Jacobins took power and instituted a Reign of Terror from 1793-1794 under Robespierre, executing thousands. The monarchy was abolished and the First French Republic formed. Napoleon later seized power in a 1799 coup, ending the Revolution.
American foreign policy from the Alaska Purchase to the election of Woodrow Wilson, with special emphasis on the Spanish-American War and TR's Big Stick Diplomacy
The Glorious Revolution occurred when James II, a Catholic king, violated laws and ignored Parliament, concerning English Protestants. In response, Parliament offered the throne to James' daughter Mary and her husband William of Orange, who were Protestant. James abdicated and fled to France. This established constitutional monarchy, with the monarch ruling under Parliament's consent based on the English Bill of Rights, which protected individual liberties and limited the monarch's power.
The document summarizes key facts about the United States Constitution, including that it was written in 1787 in Philadelphia in response to weaknesses of the Articles of Confederation. It established the three branches of government and was influenced by several historical documents promoting ideas like separation of powers and individual rights. While some limitations on government power were put in place, the Constitution is still seen as highly relevant today for establishing the foundational framework and principles of American democracy.
The United States Constitution was created on September 17, 1787 by 55 delegates to the Philadelphia Convention. It was drafted in response to the failures of the Articles of Confederation and to establish a stronger federal government with three branches that have checks and balances. The Constitution was influenced by several historical documents and defines the rights of Americans. It remains a relevant governing document in the United States today due to its establishment of democracy, separation of powers, and limits on governmental authority.
The document discusses the origins and causes of the Great Depression in the United States from 1929-1941, including extreme wealth inequality, overproduction, and a stock market crash. It then covers President Hoover's unsuccessful response and the growth of "Hoovervilles" before introducing Franklin D. Roosevelt and his "New Deal" programs designed to provide relief, recovery, and reform through massive government intervention, including the Works Progress Administration, Social Security, and initiatives to help farmers, the unemployed, and public works projects. The New Deal helped end the Depression but also significantly expanded the role of the federal government in the economy and society.
The document discusses several compromises that were made during the creation of the US Constitution. It describes the Virginia Plan which proposed a strong national government with representation based on population, and the New Jersey Plan which proposed equal representation for each state. It then discusses the Great Compromise, which proposed having two houses of Congress - a Senate with two representatives per state and a House based on population. It also discusses the Three-Fifths Compromise for counting slaves, compromises around trade and slavery, and the creation of the Electoral College to elect the President.
Enlightened despotism referred to absolute monarchs who were influenced by Enlightenment ideals like rationality and applied them to their territories. Frederick the Great of Prussia, Joseph II of Austria, and Catherine the Great of Russia all pursued some Enlightened policies like religious toleration, legal reforms, and economic improvements, but their reforms were limited and did not significantly curb their absolute power over subjects. Joseph II tried to centralize authority the most and extend Enlightenment thinking to the Catholic Church, but faced resistance and had to repeal some decrees.
The French Revolution from 1789-1799 transformed France from an absolute monarchy to a republic. It was influenced by Enlightenment ideas and the American Revolution. Economic troubles and poor harvests led to unrest and the storming of the Bastille prison in 1789. A National Assembly declared a constitutional monarchy but divisions grew. Radical Jacobins took power and instituted a Reign of Terror from 1793-1794 under Robespierre, executing thousands. The monarchy was abolished and the First French Republic formed. Napoleon later seized power in a 1799 coup, ending the Revolution.
American foreign policy from the Alaska Purchase to the election of Woodrow Wilson, with special emphasis on the Spanish-American War and TR's Big Stick Diplomacy
The Glorious Revolution occurred when James II, a Catholic king, violated laws and ignored Parliament, concerning English Protestants. In response, Parliament offered the throne to James' daughter Mary and her husband William of Orange, who were Protestant. James abdicated and fled to France. This established constitutional monarchy, with the monarch ruling under Parliament's consent based on the English Bill of Rights, which protected individual liberties and limited the monarch's power.
Consequences and significance of the russian revolutionMr. Finnie
The Russian Revolution of 1917 had immense significance and consequences. It brought an end to the Czarist regime and established a new republic. The Revolution challenged traditional Western values and established new standards for living and thinking. It appealed to workers worldwide and sparked a conflict between capitalism and Marxism. The world was divided into communist and anti-communist blocs. The Soviet Union transformed from a poor nation into a global superpower within 60 years, greatly impacting the shape of nationalist movements and economic planning models internationally. However, under Stalin's authoritarian leadership, the Soviet system diverged from Marx's original vision of worker revolution and equality.
The document discusses the history and key aspects of the US Constitution. It describes how the Constitution was ratified by all 13 original states and outlines some of the causes that led to its creation, such as the failure of the Articles of Confederation and the need for a strong executive. It then summarizes the three branches of government established by the Constitution - legislative, executive, and judicial. The document also notes that the original Constitution lacked a Bill of Rights but one was later added through amendments.
The document summarizes the US Constitution, beginning with the Preamble outlining the reasons for independence and establishing a more perfect Union. It then describes the 7 original articles that established the three branches of government and their powers, as well as how the Constitution can be amended. Finally, it lists the 27 amendments added to the original Constitution, including those guaranteeing rights like freedom of speech and abolishing slavery.
After the US Constitution was created, it needed to be ratified by the states. Two groups emerged with differing views: Federalists supported a stronger federal government and ratifying the Constitution as written, while Anti-Federalists wanted to keep more power with the states and were wary of a powerful central government or executive. The groups disagreed on views of the federal government, separation of powers between branches, leadership of the government, revisions to the Articles of Confederation, and whether to include a Bill of Rights.
1. The document provides information on various Latin American independence movements against Spanish and Portuguese rule in the early 19th century.
2. Revolutionary leaders like Simon Bolivar and Jose de San Martin led movements that resulted in independence for countries like Venezuela, Colombia, Bolivia, Ecuador, Argentina, Chile, Uruguay and Paraguay in the 1810s-1820s.
3. However, Bolivar's dream of a unified Gran Colombia failed due to regionalism and political fragmentation in the newly independent states.
The Magna Carta was created in 1215 and forced King John to obey the same laws as his subjects, establishing equality under the law. Dissatisfied barons rebelled in response to the king raising taxes without permission. They compelled the king to agree to the Magna Carta's limitations on royal power through clauses protecting individual liberties and access to fair trials. While only three clauses remain valid law today, the Magna Carta established principles of shared rule of law and legal equality that continue influencing modern democratic legal systems.
John Locke, Adam Smith, and Thomas Hobbes were influential Enlightenment thinkers. Locke believed in natural rights and that people consent to governments through a social contract. Smith developed the idea of laissez-faire economics and that governments should not intervene in the economy. Hobbes argued that absolute monarchy was the best form of rule to keep humans in line given their natural selfishness and violence. Voltaire advocated for religious tolerance, justice, free speech, and ending slavery. Montesquieu's book influenced the American founders by proposing separation of a government's executive, legislative, and judicial powers. Diderot spread Enlightenment ideas through his Encyclopedia, which was translated globally.
Lecture on reconstruction and-the-black-experience-(part 2 black codes) 2016Elhem Chniti
This is the second and last lecture on the reconstruction period. It focuses on white resistance to black freedom, and on the nativist organizations and their tactics such as the kkk, and the Alabama White League.
The Cahokia Tribe was a large Mississippian Native American tribe that lived along the Mississippi River in what is now Illinois. At its peak around 1100 AD, the tribe numbered around 40,000 people and was centered around Monks Mound, the largest earthen mound in North America that is 100 feet tall and covers 13.8 acres. The tribe had an organized, planned city layout with Monks Mound at the center and over 100 smaller mounds used for various purposes. They were skilled farmers, fishers, and hunters and developed copper artwork and a wooden structure similar to Stonehenge to track celestial events.
The document provides an overview of key aspects of the US Constitution, including:
- The Constitution is the supreme law of the land and establishes how the government works and protects civil rights.
- It outlines the seven articles that make up the legislative, executive, and judicial branches of government and relations among states. It also establishes the amendment process.
- The six basic principles of the Constitution are popular sovereignty, limited government, separation of powers, checks and balances, judicial review, and federalism.
- The first ten amendments are the Bill of Rights, which protect civil liberties like freedom of religion, speech, press, right to bear arms, due process, and rights in criminal proceedings.
The Enlightenment philosophers Thomas Hobbes, John Locke, and Baron de Montesquieu influenced the founders of the United States with their social contract theory and ideas of limited government. Hobbes argued people formed governments to control human selfishness, while Locke said they did so to protect natural rights like life, liberty, and property. Montesquieu advocated for separating government powers into branches that check each other. These principles inspired the Declaration of Independence and U.S. Constitution, which established a representative democracy with checks and balances among its three branches of government.
The document provides an overview of the US government system, including:
- The colonial period and problems with British rule that led to the Declaration of Independence.
- The structure and weaknesses of the Articles of Confederation government.
- The key principles of the US Constitution such as popular sovereignty, separation of powers, checks and balances.
- An outline of the three branches of government - legislative, executive, judicial - and their main powers and responsibilities.
1) Beginning in 1778, Western explorers and traders increasingly visited Hawaii, introducing new diseases, technology, and cultural influences.
2) King Kamehameha I was able to unite the Hawaiian islands in 1810 with the help of Western advisors. He modeled the new Hawaiian kingdom after Great Britain.
3) Missionaries arrived in 1820 and had significant influence, establishing schools and converting many Hawaiians to Christianity. They worked closely with Hawaiian royalty.
4) Western business interests grew powerful in the later 1800s, weakening the monarchy and native Hawaiian control of lands. This led to the overthrow of the Hawaiian kingdom in 1893 and annexation by the United States in 1898.
Workers in industrial America in the late 19th/early 20th century faced poor working conditions, low wages, and lack of job security. They organized unions to advocate for improved conditions and wages. However, employers opposed unions and used tactics like yellow dog contracts, blacklists, and strikebreakers to discourage union membership. This led to violent clashes between workers and employers. Early unions like the Knights of Labor and AFL focused on craft workers and improving specific issues. The Pullman Strike of 1894 was a major early labor action that was suppressed by the federal government. Over time, with organizations like the Women's Trade Union League and passage of laws like the Wagner Act, unions gained more legitimacy and power to advocate for workers' rights
The Mexican Revolution from 1910-1920 resulted in 1.7-2.7 million deaths and transformed Mexico. Dissatisfaction grew under the long dictatorship of Porfirio Díaz, who ruled from 1876-1911 and promoted economic development through foreign investment that mainly benefited the upper classes. In 1910, liberal reformer Francisco Madero challenged Díaz and launched the revolution. Over the next decade, various factions including those led by Pancho Villa, Emiliano Zapata, and Venustiano Carranza fought for power. By 1917, the revolutionary Constitution was adopted, establishing social and political reforms. However, fighting continued until 1920 when Alvaro Obregon consolidated power and enacted many revolutionary promises
The Enlightenment was an 18th century intellectual movement that promoted rational thinking and scientific inquiry over religious dogma and tradition. Enlightenment thinkers applied scientific principles to philosophy and politics and advocated the use of reason to reform society. Key figures like Locke, Montesquieu, Voltaire, and Rousseau influenced revolutions in America and France and shaped modern concepts of government, rights, and education. Enlightenment principles also inspired reforms by monarchs across Europe seeking to modernize their nations according to rational principles.
Two early prison systems that emerged in the 19th century in America were the Pennsylvania System and the Auburn System. The Pennsylvania System involved solitary confinement and silence, with no corporal punishment. The Auburn System was implemented in a New York prison in 1815 and had inmates work silently together during the day. These systems spread across America and the world. Early American prisons were often dark, overcrowded, and unsanitary, housing both minor criminals and felons. Through the 19th century, prison reform sought to use incarceration to morally reform inmates through discipline and labor, rather than just punishment.
1) Between 1790-1825, manufacturing grew in economic importance in the US and Americans began moving west across the Appalachians after Louisiana territory was explored, believing westward expansion was their "manifest destiny."
2) In the 1820s, President Monroe established the Monroe Doctrine, declaring US dominance in the Americas, as Americans pushed for more land and asserted nationalism.
3) In the 1840s, Britain and the US disputed ownership of the Oregon Territory until agreeing in 1846 on the 49th parallel border, while Americans also pushed Mexico out of Texas and the southwest through war and annexation of new lands.
The Spanish-American War was a brief conflict between Spain and the United States in 1898. It began with Cuban revolts against Spanish rule and was exacerbated by American newspapers publishing sensationalized stories of Spanish atrocities. When the USS Maine exploded in Havana Harbor, public opinion turned strongly against Spain. Congress declared war on Spain in April 1898 and American forces quickly defeated Spanish forces in Cuba and the Philippines. The Treaty of Paris ended the war, with Spain ceding control of Cuba, Puerto Rico, Guam, and the Philippines to the United States.
The document discusses several influential thinkers of the Enlightenment period including Thomas Jefferson, Benjamin Franklin, Adam Smith, Denis Diderot, John Locke, Jean-Jacques Rousseau, Charles-Louis Montesquieu, Voltaire, and Mary Wollstonecraft. It provides each thinker's country of origin, their key ideas, and major works that helped spread Enlightenment philosophies such as natural rights, popular sovereignty, and equality.
Federalism is a system of government where power is divided between a central authority and constituent units. In India, power is divided between the central government and state governments. The constitution outlines three lists that distribute legislative powers - the Union List, State List, and Concurrent List. Local governments were later established as a third tier to further decentralize power and governance. Rural local governments are called panchayati raj systems while urban areas have municipalities and municipal corporations.
This document discusses federalism in India. It begins by defining federalism and explaining that it is a system of dual government that allows for regional and national levels of governance. In India, federalism is outlined in the constitution, which delineates powers between the central and state governments. However, the central government remains strong, as it can take control in emergencies and has financial powers over states. There are also ongoing conflicts around center-state relations, demands for more autonomy, and calls for new states that test India's federal system.
Consequences and significance of the russian revolutionMr. Finnie
The Russian Revolution of 1917 had immense significance and consequences. It brought an end to the Czarist regime and established a new republic. The Revolution challenged traditional Western values and established new standards for living and thinking. It appealed to workers worldwide and sparked a conflict between capitalism and Marxism. The world was divided into communist and anti-communist blocs. The Soviet Union transformed from a poor nation into a global superpower within 60 years, greatly impacting the shape of nationalist movements and economic planning models internationally. However, under Stalin's authoritarian leadership, the Soviet system diverged from Marx's original vision of worker revolution and equality.
The document discusses the history and key aspects of the US Constitution. It describes how the Constitution was ratified by all 13 original states and outlines some of the causes that led to its creation, such as the failure of the Articles of Confederation and the need for a strong executive. It then summarizes the three branches of government established by the Constitution - legislative, executive, and judicial. The document also notes that the original Constitution lacked a Bill of Rights but one was later added through amendments.
The document summarizes the US Constitution, beginning with the Preamble outlining the reasons for independence and establishing a more perfect Union. It then describes the 7 original articles that established the three branches of government and their powers, as well as how the Constitution can be amended. Finally, it lists the 27 amendments added to the original Constitution, including those guaranteeing rights like freedom of speech and abolishing slavery.
After the US Constitution was created, it needed to be ratified by the states. Two groups emerged with differing views: Federalists supported a stronger federal government and ratifying the Constitution as written, while Anti-Federalists wanted to keep more power with the states and were wary of a powerful central government or executive. The groups disagreed on views of the federal government, separation of powers between branches, leadership of the government, revisions to the Articles of Confederation, and whether to include a Bill of Rights.
1. The document provides information on various Latin American independence movements against Spanish and Portuguese rule in the early 19th century.
2. Revolutionary leaders like Simon Bolivar and Jose de San Martin led movements that resulted in independence for countries like Venezuela, Colombia, Bolivia, Ecuador, Argentina, Chile, Uruguay and Paraguay in the 1810s-1820s.
3. However, Bolivar's dream of a unified Gran Colombia failed due to regionalism and political fragmentation in the newly independent states.
The Magna Carta was created in 1215 and forced King John to obey the same laws as his subjects, establishing equality under the law. Dissatisfied barons rebelled in response to the king raising taxes without permission. They compelled the king to agree to the Magna Carta's limitations on royal power through clauses protecting individual liberties and access to fair trials. While only three clauses remain valid law today, the Magna Carta established principles of shared rule of law and legal equality that continue influencing modern democratic legal systems.
John Locke, Adam Smith, and Thomas Hobbes were influential Enlightenment thinkers. Locke believed in natural rights and that people consent to governments through a social contract. Smith developed the idea of laissez-faire economics and that governments should not intervene in the economy. Hobbes argued that absolute monarchy was the best form of rule to keep humans in line given their natural selfishness and violence. Voltaire advocated for religious tolerance, justice, free speech, and ending slavery. Montesquieu's book influenced the American founders by proposing separation of a government's executive, legislative, and judicial powers. Diderot spread Enlightenment ideas through his Encyclopedia, which was translated globally.
Lecture on reconstruction and-the-black-experience-(part 2 black codes) 2016Elhem Chniti
This is the second and last lecture on the reconstruction period. It focuses on white resistance to black freedom, and on the nativist organizations and their tactics such as the kkk, and the Alabama White League.
The Cahokia Tribe was a large Mississippian Native American tribe that lived along the Mississippi River in what is now Illinois. At its peak around 1100 AD, the tribe numbered around 40,000 people and was centered around Monks Mound, the largest earthen mound in North America that is 100 feet tall and covers 13.8 acres. The tribe had an organized, planned city layout with Monks Mound at the center and over 100 smaller mounds used for various purposes. They were skilled farmers, fishers, and hunters and developed copper artwork and a wooden structure similar to Stonehenge to track celestial events.
The document provides an overview of key aspects of the US Constitution, including:
- The Constitution is the supreme law of the land and establishes how the government works and protects civil rights.
- It outlines the seven articles that make up the legislative, executive, and judicial branches of government and relations among states. It also establishes the amendment process.
- The six basic principles of the Constitution are popular sovereignty, limited government, separation of powers, checks and balances, judicial review, and federalism.
- The first ten amendments are the Bill of Rights, which protect civil liberties like freedom of religion, speech, press, right to bear arms, due process, and rights in criminal proceedings.
The Enlightenment philosophers Thomas Hobbes, John Locke, and Baron de Montesquieu influenced the founders of the United States with their social contract theory and ideas of limited government. Hobbes argued people formed governments to control human selfishness, while Locke said they did so to protect natural rights like life, liberty, and property. Montesquieu advocated for separating government powers into branches that check each other. These principles inspired the Declaration of Independence and U.S. Constitution, which established a representative democracy with checks and balances among its three branches of government.
The document provides an overview of the US government system, including:
- The colonial period and problems with British rule that led to the Declaration of Independence.
- The structure and weaknesses of the Articles of Confederation government.
- The key principles of the US Constitution such as popular sovereignty, separation of powers, checks and balances.
- An outline of the three branches of government - legislative, executive, judicial - and their main powers and responsibilities.
1) Beginning in 1778, Western explorers and traders increasingly visited Hawaii, introducing new diseases, technology, and cultural influences.
2) King Kamehameha I was able to unite the Hawaiian islands in 1810 with the help of Western advisors. He modeled the new Hawaiian kingdom after Great Britain.
3) Missionaries arrived in 1820 and had significant influence, establishing schools and converting many Hawaiians to Christianity. They worked closely with Hawaiian royalty.
4) Western business interests grew powerful in the later 1800s, weakening the monarchy and native Hawaiian control of lands. This led to the overthrow of the Hawaiian kingdom in 1893 and annexation by the United States in 1898.
Workers in industrial America in the late 19th/early 20th century faced poor working conditions, low wages, and lack of job security. They organized unions to advocate for improved conditions and wages. However, employers opposed unions and used tactics like yellow dog contracts, blacklists, and strikebreakers to discourage union membership. This led to violent clashes between workers and employers. Early unions like the Knights of Labor and AFL focused on craft workers and improving specific issues. The Pullman Strike of 1894 was a major early labor action that was suppressed by the federal government. Over time, with organizations like the Women's Trade Union League and passage of laws like the Wagner Act, unions gained more legitimacy and power to advocate for workers' rights
The Mexican Revolution from 1910-1920 resulted in 1.7-2.7 million deaths and transformed Mexico. Dissatisfaction grew under the long dictatorship of Porfirio Díaz, who ruled from 1876-1911 and promoted economic development through foreign investment that mainly benefited the upper classes. In 1910, liberal reformer Francisco Madero challenged Díaz and launched the revolution. Over the next decade, various factions including those led by Pancho Villa, Emiliano Zapata, and Venustiano Carranza fought for power. By 1917, the revolutionary Constitution was adopted, establishing social and political reforms. However, fighting continued until 1920 when Alvaro Obregon consolidated power and enacted many revolutionary promises
The Enlightenment was an 18th century intellectual movement that promoted rational thinking and scientific inquiry over religious dogma and tradition. Enlightenment thinkers applied scientific principles to philosophy and politics and advocated the use of reason to reform society. Key figures like Locke, Montesquieu, Voltaire, and Rousseau influenced revolutions in America and France and shaped modern concepts of government, rights, and education. Enlightenment principles also inspired reforms by monarchs across Europe seeking to modernize their nations according to rational principles.
Two early prison systems that emerged in the 19th century in America were the Pennsylvania System and the Auburn System. The Pennsylvania System involved solitary confinement and silence, with no corporal punishment. The Auburn System was implemented in a New York prison in 1815 and had inmates work silently together during the day. These systems spread across America and the world. Early American prisons were often dark, overcrowded, and unsanitary, housing both minor criminals and felons. Through the 19th century, prison reform sought to use incarceration to morally reform inmates through discipline and labor, rather than just punishment.
1) Between 1790-1825, manufacturing grew in economic importance in the US and Americans began moving west across the Appalachians after Louisiana territory was explored, believing westward expansion was their "manifest destiny."
2) In the 1820s, President Monroe established the Monroe Doctrine, declaring US dominance in the Americas, as Americans pushed for more land and asserted nationalism.
3) In the 1840s, Britain and the US disputed ownership of the Oregon Territory until agreeing in 1846 on the 49th parallel border, while Americans also pushed Mexico out of Texas and the southwest through war and annexation of new lands.
The Spanish-American War was a brief conflict between Spain and the United States in 1898. It began with Cuban revolts against Spanish rule and was exacerbated by American newspapers publishing sensationalized stories of Spanish atrocities. When the USS Maine exploded in Havana Harbor, public opinion turned strongly against Spain. Congress declared war on Spain in April 1898 and American forces quickly defeated Spanish forces in Cuba and the Philippines. The Treaty of Paris ended the war, with Spain ceding control of Cuba, Puerto Rico, Guam, and the Philippines to the United States.
The document discusses several influential thinkers of the Enlightenment period including Thomas Jefferson, Benjamin Franklin, Adam Smith, Denis Diderot, John Locke, Jean-Jacques Rousseau, Charles-Louis Montesquieu, Voltaire, and Mary Wollstonecraft. It provides each thinker's country of origin, their key ideas, and major works that helped spread Enlightenment philosophies such as natural rights, popular sovereignty, and equality.
Federalism is a system of government where power is divided between a central authority and constituent units. In India, power is divided between the central government and state governments. The constitution outlines three lists that distribute legislative powers - the Union List, State List, and Concurrent List. Local governments were later established as a third tier to further decentralize power and governance. Rural local governments are called panchayati raj systems while urban areas have municipalities and municipal corporations.
This document discusses federalism in India. It begins by defining federalism and explaining that it is a system of dual government that allows for regional and national levels of governance. In India, federalism is outlined in the constitution, which delineates powers between the central and state governments. However, the central government remains strong, as it can take control in emergencies and has financial powers over states. There are also ongoing conflicts around center-state relations, demands for more autonomy, and calls for new states that test India's federal system.
Federalism is a system of government where power is shared between a central federal government and state governments. Under federalism, the federal government has enumerated powers while states have reserved powers not granted to the federal government through the 10th Amendment. Over time, the scope of the federal government has expanded as it takes on new responsibilities in areas such as the economy, social policies, and issues that cross state boundaries. The balance of power between federal and state governments has shifted through Supreme Court rulings and policies that increase or decrease centralized power.
Nature of man, state of nature and social contract -- john locke vs. thomas h...Redge R.
Thomas Hobbes and John Locke developed social contract theory to explain the formation of civil societies and governments. [1] Hobbes viewed humans in the state of nature as competitive and distrustful, leading to a state of war, so people consent to a social contract establishing an absolute sovereign to maintain order. [2] Locke believed humans in the state of nature were rational and respected natural rights, but formed governments through social contracts to more impartially protect rights and property. [3] Both philosophers argued people consent to governments to escape the difficulties of the state of nature, but Locke believed people could dissolve contracts if rulers became tyrannical.
The document provides background information on the Constitutional Convention of 1787, including that it was called to revise the Articles of Confederation but ultimately led to the drafting of an entirely new constitution. It notes that 55 delegates from 12 states met in Philadelphia from May to September 1787 and produced the US Constitution. Key facts include that James Madison is considered the "Father of the Constitution" and Rhode Island was the only state not represented.
The document summarizes key figures of the Enlightenment period including scientists like Galileo, Kepler, and Descartes, philosophers such as John Locke, Jean-Jacques Rousseau, and Voltaire, and enlightened monarchs Frederick the Great, Maria Theresa, and Catherine the Great. It provides their names, places of origin, time periods they lived, and their main beliefs or achievements which included Galileo's belief that the sun is the center of the universe, Locke's belief in people's right to depose rulers, and Catherine the Great's building of schools and weakening of the church's power.
1. The document discusses the territorial disputes following the Mexican-American War and attempts to regulate slavery in the new territories, including the Wilmot Proviso and Popular Sovereignty.
2. Representative David Wilmot proposed banning slavery in all territory acquired from Mexico, justified by the view that slavery was not suitable for the geography.
3. Stephen A. Douglas championed the idea of Popular Sovereignty, allowing territories to vote on whether to permit slavery, though this was undermined by fraudulent voting in Kansas.
I use a flip chart for the 7 Principles that the kids make and can take notes on. There are diagrams on some of the slides too. Definitions are included on every slide along with examples of each principle.
John Locke was an influential English philosopher and physician born in 1632. He attended Oxford University where he was introduced to the new experimental philosophy being developed. He became acquainted with scientists like Robert Boyle and developed an interest in medicine and empiricism. In 1666, Locke met Lord Ashley and became his personal physician, secretary, and friend. Locke lived with and worked for Lord Ashley (later the Earl of Shaftesbury) for many years, becoming involved in politics and writing on topics like trade, colonies, and economics. During this time, Locke also began work on his famous Essay Concerning Human Understanding, developing his empiricist and liberal political ideas.
The document outlines the key components and history of the US Constitution, which was written in 1787 by delegates led by Gouverneur Morris to establish the supreme law and framework of the US government. It organized the government into three branches of power and established a balance between federal and state authority through its seven articles, including provisions for amendments and ratification to bind the states to federal power.
The document discusses the philosophies of Hobbes, Locke, and Rousseau regarding human nature and the formation of government. Hobbes viewed the state of nature as one of constant conflict where life was "solitary, poor, nasty, brutish, and short." He believed strong central government was needed to enforce order. Locke believed the state of nature granted natural rights but that government was formed through social contract to protect life, liberty, and property. Rousseau argued people are born free but become chained by society and government; legitimate rule requires consent of the governed under the general will.
http://www.tomrichey.net
This PowerPoint presentation was made to accompany a lecture on Thomas Hobbes and John Locke in both European History and American Government courses. Hobbes' Leviathan and Locke's Two Treatises of Government are both discussed. Hobbes and Locke are compared and contrasted with a graphic organizer at the end of the presentation.
Visit my YouTube channel (www.youtube.com/tomforamerica) to see the lecture that goes with these slides!
The document summarizes the philosophies of Hobbes, Locke, and Rousseau regarding the state of nature and social contracts. For Hobbes, the state of nature is a state of war where life is solitary, poor, nasty, brutish, and short. He argues people form social contracts and sovereign governments to escape this state. For Locke, the state of nature is characterized by perfect freedom and equality under natural law, though it can descend into a state of war. Rousseau posits the state of nature has freedom and force, and the social contract forms a general will where people agree to be compelled for their own freedom.
The document provides a history of health care and nursing from ancient civilizations to the present. It discusses how nursing evolved from the first mothers caring for the sick to a more organized profession. Key events and figures mentioned include Florence Nightingale establishing modern nursing in the 19th century, the influence of religious orders on medieval nursing care, and Clara Barton founding the American Red Cross in the late 19th century. The definitions of nursing, patient, and nurse are also presented.
The document outlines the four main theories on the origin of the state: 1) The Force Theory proposes that the state was born out of force when a small group claimed control over an area and forced others to submit. 2) The Evolutionary Theory suggests the state developed from early family structures as lead families evolved into networks of tribes. 3) The Divine Right Theory held that God created the state and chose individuals to rule with divine right. 4) The Social Contract Theory influential to American government postulates that people voluntarily agreed to a social contract like a constitution to ensure safety and well-being for all.
The document discusses the concepts of secularism, socialism, and their relationship to education in India. It provides background on the origins and characteristics of secularism and socialism. Secularism in India means equal treatment and protection of all religions. Indian socialism is based on Gandhian principles of equality and non-violence. Education under socialism and secularism in India aims to develop democratic, egalitarian, and rational thinking by providing equal opportunities and a curriculum focused on social justice, civic duties, and secular values.
Thomas Hobbes nasceu em 1588 na Inglaterra e faleceu em 1679. Ele foi um filósofo político que escreveu obras influentes como Leviatã defendendo o absolutismo e o pacto social. Sua principal obra foi Leviatã, publicada em 1651, na qual defendia a existência de um governo absoluto para garantir a ordem e a paz social.
This document discusses the nursing profession and what nurses do. It explains that nursing is one of the most respected professions, and that nurses are the backbone of the healthcare system. Nurses promote health, prevent disease, help patients cope with illness, save lives, and make communities healthier. The document encourages becoming a nurse if you care about helping others and making a difference. It outlines the various places nurses can work and notes the average starting salary for nurses in St. Louis, Missouri is $48,000 per year.
The document discusses the nursing profession, including its critical attributes such as specialized education and a code of ethics. It describes Benner's levels of clinical proficiency that nurses attain as they gain experience. The dimensions of nursing practice, education, and research are outlined, as well as the focus on health promotion, maintenance, restoration, and end-of-life care. The roles of nurses as educators, caregivers, leaders, and managers are summarized. Key concepts like patient versus client and levels of clientele from the individual to populations are also defined.
Nurses treat and educate patients on various medical conditions, record patient histories and test results, administer treatment and medications, and provide follow-up care. They have a broad range of specialties and work in settings like hospitals, doctors' offices, and long-term care facilities. There is a shortage of nurses due to long work hours and physical demands. Nurses need an associate's, bachelor's, or practical nursing degree and licensure, with opportunities for advanced degrees and specialization. Employment of nurses is expected to grow faster than average due to technological advances and preventative healthcare.
This document provides an overview of a college-level political science course on Western political thought. It includes summaries of the week's lecture topics, which cover classical and modern political thought, the organic roots of the United States, the influence of early elites in American history, and the American persona. It also addresses the course's policies on plagiarism and transparency in government and discusses examples of government transparency related to new military technologies.
The document discusses the key features and origins of states and governments. It outlines four essential features of a state: population, territory, sovereignty, and government. It then describes four theories for the origin of states: evolutionary theory, force theory, divine right theory, and social contract theory. The social contract theory, proposed by philosophers like Thomas Hobbes and John Locke, suggests that people form governments and surrender some freedoms in exchange for protection of their basic rights from others.
The document discusses the key features and theories of the origins of states and governments. It outlines four essential features of a state: population, territory, sovereignty, and government. It then describes four theories of how governments originated: evolutionary theory, which argues states evolved from families; force theory, which claims governments emerged through conquest; divine right theory, which holds rulers were chosen by gods; and social contract theory, which says people formed governments to protect their rights from the state of nature. The document suggests social contract theory, advocated by thinkers like Hobbes and Locke, most influenced concepts like the U.S. declaration of independence.
Unit 1 notebook constitution studend handouts modifiedduvaltsau41
The document discusses some of the key philosophical influences on the founders' thinking about government such as Enlightenment ideas, the social contract theory of John Locke, and the separation of powers concept from Baron de Montesquieu. It also examines the ideas of Thomas Hobbes and John Locke about natural rights and how the government is meant to protect those rights. The document provides context about the historical foundations of the American political system through a discussion of these philosophical influences.
This document discusses why people should care about power, politics, and government. It notes that Americans have historically been distrustful of authority and government due to experiences like British rule prior to the Revolutionary War. It also notes that three-fourths of Americans today say they can only trust the government some of the time. Government exists to maintain order, protect people and property, and provide public goods, but to do so it needs powers of coercion and revenue collection. Understanding these concepts of power, politics, and government is important.
The document discusses several key events and documents in early American political history, including the Declaration of Independence, Articles of Confederation, Northwest Ordinance, US Constitution, Bill of Rights, and writings by Thomas Paine. It also covers classical political thought by Aristotle and modern political thought centered around John Locke. Finally, it discusses the organic roots of the US government and how founding fathers drew from European political philosophers like Locke regarding natural rights and government.
This document provides an overview of concepts related to the state and nation. It defines the state as a politically organized society and discusses theories on the origin of states, including kinship, social contract, divine, matriarchal, and patriarchal theories. The document also examines types of states such as oriental, Greek, Roman, feudal, and nation states. It outlines key elements of the state including population, territory, government, and sovereignty. Finally, it discusses the role of the state from minimal to maximal perspectives.
The document provides an overview of the origins and development of American government from the English political system through the ratification of the US Constitution. It discusses the key influences on the founding fathers including the Magna Carta, English Bill of Rights, writings of Locke, and Enlightenment ideas. It then summarizes the major compromises reached at the Constitutional Convention, including the Connecticut Compromise and Three-Fifths Compromise, that helped address disagreements between large and small states and northern and southern states. The ratification process involved debate between the Federalists and Anti-Federalists over the role and powers of the national government.
The document provides an overview of the origins and development of American government from the English political system through the ratification of the US Constitution. It discusses the key influences on the founding fathers including the Magna Carta, English Bill of Rights, writings of Locke, and Enlightenment ideas. It then summarizes the major compromises reached at the Constitutional Convention including the Connecticut Compromise and Three-Fifths Compromise. The ratification process involved debate between Federalists and Anti-Federalists with the Federalist Papers helping achieve ratification in the necessary number of states.
The document discusses the Declaration of Independence and its history and significance. It provides background on why the declaration was written, including that the war was not going well for the colonies and they needed to rally support. It also summarizes some of the key themes and sections of the declaration, including its statements of natural rights and that governments derive their power from the consent of the governed.
The document provides information about the Enlightenment and some of its key thinkers. It discusses how the Enlightenment grew out of earlier movements like the Renaissance and Scientific Revolution. Major figures discussed include Locke, Montesquieu, Voltaire, Hobbes, and Beccaria. Their ideas influenced governments through concepts like social contract theory, separation of powers, religious tolerance, and rights of the accused. The document also examines how the Enlightenment impacted the American and French Revolutions.
Thomas Hobbes argued that governments were formed to promote stability and peace. His defense of absolute sovereignty influenced others like the Founding Fathers. John Locke then argued that people form governments and consent to rule, and have the right to revolt if governments don't protect rights and freedoms. Growing tensions between the colonies and Britain over taxation and representation led to the American Revolution and Declaration of Independence. The colonists ultimately defeated Britain to form a new nation.
The document provides an overview of key events and developments in U.S. history from 1800 to 1877, including the Louisiana Purchase, the War of 1812, westward expansion and Manifest Destiny, the Mexican-American War, slavery debates and compromises, the Civil War, and Reconstruction. Key figures discussed include Thomas Jefferson, Andrew Jackson, Frederick Douglass, Harriet Tubman, and events like the Emancipation Proclamation.
Hello students -
This is the review slideshow for your test tomorrow. Use it and the handout as study tools but remember that there may be more on the exam than appears here.
Happy studying!
Mr. Kelly and Ms. Marroquín
The document outlines several theories of the origins of government including the evolution theory, force theory, divine right theory, and social contract theory. It then discusses the contributions of ancient Greece including Athenian democracy, and the contributions of ancient Rome including the Roman Republic. Finally, it covers the English origins of the American government system including documents like the Magna Carta, Petition of Right, English Bill of Rights, and political philosophers like John Locke who influenced ideas around natural rights and social contract theory.
Research Paper 1 – The Scales of Liberty – Final DraftKyle Griesinger
The document discusses the American system of government and its roots in the philosophies of the founding fathers. It summarizes that the founders created a federal republic based on the idea that governing authority comes from the people, not from a sovereign. Power is divided between federal and state governments through federalism in order to prevent tyranny. The role of government is also limited to protecting citizens' rights like life, liberty, and property. The system established in the Constitution aims to create a government protected by and for the people.
The document summarizes problems that plagued the US after winning independence in the Revolutionary War. It discusses that the Articles of Confederation, the first US constitution, created a very weak national government with limited powers. This led to economic and security issues like rebellions. The document argues this showed the need to strengthen the national government to better protect rights and maintain order based on the political philosophies studied by the Founding Fathers like Locke's social contract theory.
LAND USE LAND COVER AND NDVI OF MIRZAPUR DISTRICT, UPRAHUL
This Dissertation explores the particular circumstances of Mirzapur, a region located in the
core of India. Mirzapur, with its varied terrains and abundant biodiversity, offers an optimal
environment for investigating the changes in vegetation cover dynamics. Our study utilizes
advanced technologies such as GIS (Geographic Information Systems) and Remote sensing to
analyze the transformations that have taken place over the course of a decade.
The complex relationship between human activities and the environment has been the focus
of extensive research and worry. As the global community grapples with swift urbanization,
population expansion, and economic progress, the effects on natural ecosystems are becoming
more evident. A crucial element of this impact is the alteration of vegetation cover, which plays a
significant role in maintaining the ecological equilibrium of our planet.Land serves as the foundation for all human activities and provides the necessary materials for
these activities. As the most crucial natural resource, its utilization by humans results in different
'Land uses,' which are determined by both human activities and the physical characteristics of the
land.
The utilization of land is impacted by human needs and environmental factors. In countries
like India, rapid population growth and the emphasis on extensive resource exploitation can lead
to significant land degradation, adversely affecting the region's land cover.
Therefore, human intervention has significantly influenced land use patterns over many
centuries, evolving its structure over time and space. In the present era, these changes have
accelerated due to factors such as agriculture and urbanization. Information regarding land use and
cover is essential for various planning and management tasks related to the Earth's surface,
providing crucial environmental data for scientific, resource management, policy purposes, and
diverse human activities.
Accurate understanding of land use and cover is imperative for the development planning
of any area. Consequently, a wide range of professionals, including earth system scientists, land
and water managers, and urban planners, are interested in obtaining data on land use and cover
changes, conversion trends, and other related patterns. The spatial dimensions of land use and
cover support policymakers and scientists in making well-informed decisions, as alterations in
these patterns indicate shifts in economic and social conditions. Monitoring such changes with the
help of Advanced technologies like Remote Sensing and Geographic Information Systems is
crucial for coordinated efforts across different administrative levels. Advanced technologies like
Remote Sensing and Geographic Information Systems
9
Changes in vegetation cover refer to variations in the distribution, composition, and overall
structure of plant communities across different temporal and spatial scales. These changes can
occur natural.
How to Build a Module in Odoo 17 Using the Scaffold MethodCeline George
Odoo provides an option for creating a module by using a single line command. By using this command the user can make a whole structure of a module. It is very easy for a beginner to make a module. There is no need to make each file manually. This slide will show how to create a module using the scaffold method.
Strategies for Effective Upskilling is a presentation by Chinwendu Peace in a Your Skill Boost Masterclass organisation by the Excellence Foundation for South Sudan on 08th and 09th June 2024 from 1 PM to 3 PM on each day.
This presentation includes basic of PCOS their pathology and treatment and also Ayurveda correlation of PCOS and Ayurvedic line of treatment mentioned in classics.
ISO/IEC 27001, ISO/IEC 42001, and GDPR: Best Practices for Implementation and...PECB
Denis is a dynamic and results-driven Chief Information Officer (CIO) with a distinguished career spanning information systems analysis and technical project management. With a proven track record of spearheading the design and delivery of cutting-edge Information Management solutions, he has consistently elevated business operations, streamlined reporting functions, and maximized process efficiency.
Certified as an ISO/IEC 27001: Information Security Management Systems (ISMS) Lead Implementer, Data Protection Officer, and Cyber Risks Analyst, Denis brings a heightened focus on data security, privacy, and cyber resilience to every endeavor.
His expertise extends across a diverse spectrum of reporting, database, and web development applications, underpinned by an exceptional grasp of data storage and virtualization technologies. His proficiency in application testing, database administration, and data cleansing ensures seamless execution of complex projects.
What sets Denis apart is his comprehensive understanding of Business and Systems Analysis technologies, honed through involvement in all phases of the Software Development Lifecycle (SDLC). From meticulous requirements gathering to precise analysis, innovative design, rigorous development, thorough testing, and successful implementation, he has consistently delivered exceptional results.
Throughout his career, he has taken on multifaceted roles, from leading technical project management teams to owning solutions that drive operational excellence. His conscientious and proactive approach is unwavering, whether he is working independently or collaboratively within a team. His ability to connect with colleagues on a personal level underscores his commitment to fostering a harmonious and productive workplace environment.
Date: May 29, 2024
Tags: Information Security, ISO/IEC 27001, ISO/IEC 42001, Artificial Intelligence, GDPR
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This presentation was provided by Steph Pollock of The American Psychological Association’s Journals Program, and Damita Snow, of The American Society of Civil Engineers (ASCE), for the initial session of NISO's 2024 Training Series "DEIA in the Scholarly Landscape." Session One: 'Setting Expectations: a DEIA Primer,' was held June 6, 2024.
বাংলাদেশের অর্থনৈতিক সমীক্ষা ২০২৪ [Bangladesh Economic Review 2024 Bangla.pdf] কম্পিউটার , ট্যাব ও স্মার্ট ফোন ভার্সন সহ সম্পূর্ণ বাংলা ই-বুক বা pdf বই " সুচিপত্র ...বুকমার্ক মেনু 🔖 ও হাইপার লিংক মেনু 📝👆 যুক্ত ..
আমাদের সবার জন্য খুব খুব গুরুত্বপূর্ণ একটি বই ..বিসিএস, ব্যাংক, ইউনিভার্সিটি ভর্তি ও যে কোন প্রতিযোগিতা মূলক পরীক্ষার জন্য এর খুব ইম্পরট্যান্ট একটি বিষয় ...তাছাড়া বাংলাদেশের সাম্প্রতিক যে কোন ডাটা বা তথ্য এই বইতে পাবেন ...
তাই একজন নাগরিক হিসাবে এই তথ্য গুলো আপনার জানা প্রয়োজন ...।
বিসিএস ও ব্যাংক এর লিখিত পরীক্ষা ...+এছাড়া মাধ্যমিক ও উচ্চমাধ্যমিকের স্টুডেন্টদের জন্য অনেক কাজে আসবে ...
How to Add Chatter in the odoo 17 ERP ModuleCeline George
In Odoo, the chatter is like a chat tool that helps you work together on records. You can leave notes and track things, making it easier to talk with your team and partners. Inside chatter, all communication history, activity, and changes will be displayed.
Walmart Business+ and Spark Good for Nonprofits.pdfTechSoup
"Learn about all the ways Walmart supports nonprofit organizations.
You will hear from Liz Willett, the Head of Nonprofits, and hear about what Walmart is doing to help nonprofits, including Walmart Business and Spark Good. Walmart Business+ is a new offer for nonprofits that offers discounts and also streamlines nonprofits order and expense tracking, saving time and money.
The webinar may also give some examples on how nonprofits can best leverage Walmart Business+.
The event will cover the following::
Walmart Business + (https://business.walmart.com/plus) is a new shopping experience for nonprofits, schools, and local business customers that connects an exclusive online shopping experience to stores. Benefits include free delivery and shipping, a 'Spend Analytics” feature, special discounts, deals and tax-exempt shopping.
Special TechSoup offer for a free 180 days membership, and up to $150 in discounts on eligible orders.
Spark Good (walmart.com/sparkgood) is a charitable platform that enables nonprofits to receive donations directly from customers and associates.
Answers about how you can do more with Walmart!"
How to Make a Field Mandatory in Odoo 17Celine George
In Odoo, making a field required can be done through both Python code and XML views. When you set the required attribute to True in Python code, it makes the field required across all views where it's used. Conversely, when you set the required attribute in XML views, it makes the field required only in the context of that particular view.
1. THE NATURE OF POWER,
POLITICS AND YOU
Citizenship Test
2. The New York Times and
CBS News Poll…
How much of the time do you think you can trust the
government in Washington to do what is right: just
about always, most of the time, or only some of the
time?”
5% (1 person in 20) responded “just about
always”
4% responded “most of the time”
87% responded “only some of the time”
4% responded never
3. How can you link this poll to
why it is important to study our
government?
4. Big Idea
Throughout our history, Americans have tended
to be distrustful of power, government, and
politics. Nonetheless, we look to our
government to provide goods and services that
we all want and need.
6. Origins of American Government:
A customized government
Ancient Greece and Rome Roots
Direct democracy: citizens make public
decisions directly
Representative democracy: power is exercised
by elected leaders who work in the interests of
the people
““I pledge allegiance to the flag of the United
States of America, to the republic for which it
stands, one nation, under God, indivisible with
liberty and justice for all”
10. Essential questions to consider…
How did colonial American history lead to the
development of American political ideals about
the role and structure of government?
How did the ideas of government from Great
Britain impact the establishment of our
government?
12. Ordered Government
Orderly regulation of relationships
o
What does this mean?
Created local governments similar to
o
those in England
Present Day Examples?
Counties, townships, sheriff, justice of the peace,
grand jury…
13. Limited Government
Government is not all powerful
o
Cannot take away natural rights
o
What does this mean?
Individuals have certain rights that the government
cannot take away.
14. Representative
Government
Government should serve the will of the
o
people
People have a VOICE!!
o
What does this mean?
“Government of, by, and for the people”
15. Where did the colonists
get these basic
concepts of
government???
English history
provides the
key…
16. Warm-up:
An Interesting Dilemma…
One morning, Ms. Brown woke up with no voice. Obviously,
she could not teach that day. She called the automated
system that finds substitute teachers, punched in the correct
numbers, and left a message. This machine is meant to find a
substitute, but a lightning bolt hits the building where the
machine is located, and a substitute is never found. At 7:25
am, the 1st block bell rings and, after some time, no one
comes to teach Ms. Brown’s class…
Imagine you were in that class…
1. If you were to make a suggestion to your classmates
about a course of action, what would it be?
2. Who, or how many of you, would make a decision
as to what to do?
17. Questions to Consider…
How would humans be without any external
government?
Would we be kind and generous, or cruel and
self serving?
Does anyone have the right to govern another?
How are governments created?
19. English Philosopher:
Thomas Hobbes
State of Nature: early
humans lived in unbridled
freedom, in which no
government existed and
there was no superior
power.
Believed life is “solitary,
poor, nasty, brutish and
short”.
Believed people were too
selfish to govern
themselves – we NEED
government to control and
protect.
20. English Philosopher:
John Locke
Ideas helped lay
foundations for
democratic government
Thomas Jefferson called
the DOI – “Pure Locke”
Believed people were
innately good, and
formed governments to
protect their rights and
freedoms.
22. With which theory do you agree more?
Why?
Which philosopher is correct in his
1.
understanding of human nature?
Which philosopher is correct in his
2.
understanding of Government?
24. Political Theories
Force Theory Evolutionary Theory
small group forced all to developed naturally out of
submit to person and/or the evolution of the family
group’s rule
Divine Right Social Contract
held that God created the argues that state arose out
state, and God had given of a voluntary act of free
those of royal birth “divine people. State exists only to
right” to rule serve the will of the people
25. Social Contract Theory
Theory through which Thomas Jefferson
justified colonial independence .
Assume people live in a state of nature (no
government) and are willing to give up some of
their freedom and liberty to maintain order .
26. Day 3
Focus Activity
Recall the three types of government from
Day 1.
For each type of government draw a picture
that would help you identify its meaning.
Be prepared to share!
27. Reading Activity:
A close-up on primary sources
Please read the Locke and Jefferson article
Underline words you do not understand
Answer the two [2] questions for discussion
and be prepared to share your responses
with the class
28. In the 1770s, a small group of citizens,
known as the Founding Fathers, decided
that they should rule the country and
overthrow the government…
• We will look at the actual
document that got this
group into so much
trouble with the King of
England…
THE DECLARATION OF
INDEPENDENCE!
29. Big Ideas in the DOI
Thomas Jefferson was the primary author
1.
Reflects two main ideas:
2.
Natural Rights Philosophy – we are all equal
1.
and have the right to life, liberty, and pursuit
of happiness.
Social Contract Theory – government arises
2.
from agreement of the people
People are willing to give up individuals
rights for a government to protest their
natural rights .
30. Video Viewing Activity
Follow along in your mini booklet as you
listen to the celebrity reading of the DOI.
Underline ideas that reflect natural rights
and social contract theory (“Pure Locke”).
31. FYI
On July 4th, 1776, the Congress voted to
accept the DOI. This is why we celebrate
July 4th as Independence Day.
DOI in 2009 Lingo
34. Vocabulary to be familiar with …
Confederation: an association of states that
delegates power to a central government
Confederate
State
Central
Government
Ratification: formal approval
35. Notable American Documents
Articles of Confederation
First government of the United States
Replaced by the Constitution because
Constitution provided a much stronger
national government
The Articles of Confederation had
many weaknesses….
37. Constitutional
Convention
Met in Philadelphia in 1787
Composed of some of the greatest
thinkers, educators, statesmen, and
politicians of the day
These men were collectively
known as “The Framers”
38. Purpose of the Convention
Initial purpose was to revise the Articles of
Confederation .
Delegates quickly realized they were meeting to
create a new government (with 3 branches!)
39. Several plans were proposed to correct
the weaknesses of the AOC…
a Bundle of
Compromise…
40. ISSUE OF REPRESENTATION
Virginia Plan v. New Jersey Plan
Major similarities between the 2 plans:
Three branches of government
1.
Congress retains powers granted
2.
under AOC
Executive chosen by Congress
3.
41. Virginia Plan
“Large State Plan”
Strong central gov’t
L: Bicameral Congress
Representation based on population
E: “President”
Chosen by Congress
J: 1+ supreme courts with lower courts
Chosen by Congress
42. New Jersey Plan
“Small State Plan”
Strong state government
L: Unicameral Congress
Each state would have = representation
Expand power to tax & regulate trade
E: Two-person presidency
Chosen by Congress; able to be removed
J: Single Supreme Court
Chosen by Executive
43. Your Task
Create a billboard advertisement detailing the
features of one of the plans – NJ or VA - the
choice is yours!
GOAL: “sell” your plan to the people – persuade
them to choose your plan!!!
Use catchy phrases/slogans and be sure to include
the historical features of your plan (VA or NJ).
At the end of the period, we will vote on the most
persuasive and appealing billboard – this group will
receive extra credit on the Unit Assessment!!!
45. A Bundle of Compromise
Complete the graphic organizer
-
Big Idea:
The main disagreement was over small points,
not the fundamental questions. Nearly all
delegates had agreed that a new national
government had to be created (Federal
Government), but it needed the powers
necessary to deal with the nation’s problems.
46. Though the final draft was created after much debate, it
had to be ratified (approved) by 9 of the 13 colonies …
and this would be another difficult task.
47. FIGHT FOR
RATIFICATION
complete the graphic organizer …
48. Federalists vs. Anti-Federalists
Anti-Federalists
Federalists
- Opposed Constitution
- Favored Constitution
- Believed Constitution was too
- Believed Constitution was strong
strong enough to solve
- Wanted a Bill of Rights added to
country’s problems
protect individual freedoms
- Supported a
- Supported a
Federal Government
Confederate Government
- Led by Alexander Hamilton and
- Led by Patrick Henry and
James Madison
John Hancock
49. Your Turn…
Working with one partner, you will create an
advertisement to support either the Federalists,
or the Anti-Federalists. You will use this Ad to
help debate / argue the Fed v. Anti-Fed P.O.V.
Requirements:
Must convey an appropriate message
Must make use of historical content
Must FILL one blank sheet of paper
Must use color
NO STICK FIGURES 15 pts
50. Debating …
Pair up with an opposing group
Engage in a debate, making sound arguments
in support of your position
(using your Ad as supplemental evidence).
Propose rebuttal questions to the opposing
team.
51. Closing Activity
A compromise was eventually reached. To get
the Anti-Federalists to support the Constitution,
the Federalists agreed that it would draft a Bill
of Rights, listing the rights of citizens that were
not to be violated by the federal government.
Today, the Bill of Rights has proved to be vitally
important to the protection of basic rights of the
American people… let’s take a look at this now
53. Daily Enduring Understanding
The United States was founded on a set of ideas
and principles developed over many centuries.
Those ideas helped give rise to a system of
representative government based on the rule of
law and a respect for individual rights and
liberties.
54. Structure of Constitution
Constitution
Provides basic
framework for U.S.
government
Outlines basic
principles, structure
and processes
Three part document:
Preamble
Articles
Amendments
55. F.Y.I.
The U.S. Constitution, adopted in 1788, is the
oldest written constitution still in use
anywhere in the world.
56. Structure of Constitution
Preamble
Introduction to the Constitution
Lists ideas that the government should stand for
and states purposes
We the people of the United States, in Order to form a
more perfect Union, establish Justice, insure domestic
Tranquility, provide for the common defense, promote the
general Welfare, and secure the Blessings of Liberty to
ourselves and our Posterity, do ordain and establish this
Constitution for the United States of America.”
57. Purpose of Government
Form a More Perfect Union
Establish Justice
Insure Domestic Tranquility
Provide for the Common Defense
Promote the General Welfare
Secure the Blessings of Liberty
59. Structure of Constitution
Articles
Main body of the Constitution
Lay out basic structure of the national government
Further broken down into sections and clauses
Article I: Legislative branch
Article II: Executive branch
Article III: Judicial branch
Articles IV: Relations among the states
Article V: Amendment process
Article VI: Payment of debts; Supremacy Clause;
oaths of office
Article VII: Ratification
60. Structure of Constitution
Amendments
Formal changes made to the Constitution
Twenty-seven in total
First ten referred to as the Bill of Rights
61. Structure of U.S. Government
Legislative
Branch
Three
Branches of
Government
Executive Judicial
Branch Branch
63. Six Principles of the Constitution
Principle - rule of action or conduct
Six principles established in the Constitution
Popular Sovereignty
Limited Government
Separation of Powers
Checks and Balances
Judicial Review
Federalism
64. Constitutional Principle Explanation
Idea that people are the source of all power
Popular Sovereignty
held by the government
Government possesses only the powers the
Limited Government people give it—it must obey the Constitution
Establishes three separate branches, that
share the government’s power. These
Separation of Powers
branches are the executive, the legislative and
the judicial
Ensures that none of the three branches can
become too powerful. Each branch has ways
Checks and Balances
to limit the power of the other two (ex.
President veto power)
Power of the courts to decide what the
Constitution means. The courts also have the
Judicial Review
power to declare a government action to be
against the Constitution (unconstitutional).
Divides the power between the central
Federalism
government and the States
65. EXPECTATIONS
OBJECTIVE
- All group members are
Create & perform a skit that
expected to work
depicts a constitutional
collaboratively to create the
principle … providing a way
skit
for your classmates to
remember the meaning come - All group members must
exam and final time. participate in the exhibition
See rubric for grading
requirements
Skits should be 2-3 minutes
in length You are required to create and
turn-in a script that will be
Humor is appreciated!
evaluated.
SIX PRINCIPLE SKITS
67. Daily Enduring Understanding
For more than 200 years, the Constitution has
served as a blueprint for republican government
and a guarantor of basic rights and freedoms for
the American people. It has endured because of
its flexibility and the strength of its underlying
principles.
68. Warm-Up Activity
quot;The Constitution belongs to the
living and not to the dead.“
- Thomas Jefferson
Considering the quote above, explain how the
Constitution has endured for over 200 years.
In other words,
what is Jefferson implying in this quote?
70. What you should be doing…
Get out a blank piece of paper
Divide your papers into three hot dog style
columns
Label the first column “principle”, label the
middle column “suggestion or kudos” and label
the last column “how it will help me remember
for the test”
As your classmates present, fill out these
columns
This will be collected and evaluated as part of
your “attention to other presentations” grade.
72. Principles of American Democracy
Notions of American Democracy
• Equality of All Persons
• Majority Rule, Minority Rights Protected
• Necessity of Compromise
•Individual Freedom
• Choose 2 of the 4 principles of democracy listed above.
• Draw two circles on your piece of paper.
• Create PINs that illustrate YOUR OWN representation of
each principle.
Total of two pins will be created…
73. What does it mean to
be an American?
Ideals
Values
Goals
Symbols