A review of the course

1. 2017-18
American Systems Review
All you ever wanted to know and
forgot to ask……

2. Or….
• All you didn’t learn and need to know now to
pass for the year!!!

3. Democracy
• Direct – People vote on laws
• Indirect – Representative – Republic – people
vote for Representatives
» Also a Republic

4. Economics
• Capitalism –Free market, competition,
Freedom of Choice, little government
• Socialism – Command market, little or no
competition, Government control of choices

5. Constitution
• Preamble – Intro to Con, listing 6 goals of US
gov’t
• 7 Articles – LEJSAS9/13
• Amendments - 27

6. Federalism
• Division of power between US central/federal
gov’t and the state governments

7. Three Branches of US Gov’t
• Legislative – makes laws
– Bill - proposed law
– Bicameral – two houses (House and Senate)
• Executive – executes of carries out the laws
• Judicial – interprets the laws

8. Purposes of Government
• Keep order
• National defense
• Services
• Economic decisions

9. Presidential Qualifications
• 35
• 14 year US resident
• Natural Born
• Term 4 years
• 2 term limit – 10 year max

10. Presidential Election
• Electoral College – 270 to win
• Popular Vote – citizens vote
• Electoral vote – electoral college vote

11. Presidential Powers
• Treaty - agreement with other country/nation
• Veto – reject a law
• Pardon – forgive someone for a crime
• Convene Congress – call to meeting
• Commander in Chief – armed forces action
• Appointment – choose someone to fill a job in
government

12. Presidential Roles
• Commander in Chief
• Chief of:
– State – ceremonial – pictures at White House
– Diplomat – meet with head of other nations
– Party – lead political party
– Economy – US jobs
– Legislator - laws

13. Presidential Cabinet
• State – foreign affairs
• Treasury – nations money
• Defense – national security
• Interior – national parks
• Education – nations education system
• Health – health and disease
• Justice – civil rights
• Homeland Security - terrorism
• HUD (Housing and Urban Development) – purchasing
houses
• Agriculture – helping farmers

14. Political Party
• Group of people who come together to win
elections and control government
• Major – Dem – Republican
• Minor/Third Parties -

15. Democrat
• Young
• Minority
• African American
• Urban/city
• More social program
• Media/entertainers

16. Republican
• Elderly
• Rural/country
• Blue collar workers
• White
• Protestant/religious
• Less government programs
• Lower taxes

17. Liberal vs. Conservative
• Liberal Conservative
– pro – choice Oppose abortion
– more programs/taxes Less programs/taxes
– gun control gun rights protection
– Protect rights for undocumented immigrants
• Protect Borders

18. Judicial Branch
• Precedent – past judicial decisions
• Brief – written arguments submitted to the
court before a trial.
• Stare decisis – let the past/earlier decision
stand.

19. Judicial Branch
• Jury –
– Grand jury – up to 23 people to decide if there is
enough evidence to hold a trial. Can issue and
indictment – a formal charge
– Petit Jury – usually 12 jurors who decide guilt or
innocence of a defendant
– Litigants – people engaged in a lawsuit

20. Supreme Court
• Highest court in the US - 9 justices - decides
the constitutionality of a law.
• 8000 cases appealed each year. Hears about
75-85 a year.
• Writ of certiorari – decision by the court to
hear a case.
• Unanimous 9-0
• Split – 5-4. swing vote

21. Landmark cases
• All cases will be on matching
– Brown v Board of Education
– Mapp v. Ohio
– Univ of Cal v. Bakke
– Tinker v. Des Moines
– Pattawatomie v. Earls
– Dred Scott v, Sanford
– Miranda V. Arizona
– Roe v. Wade
– US v. Nixon
– Korematsu v. US
– Hazelwood v, Kuhlmeirer
– New Jersey v. TLO
– Texas v. Johnson
– Thompson v. Oklahoma

22. Brown v. Board of Ed

23. Brown v. Board of Ed
• Linda Brown forced to walk to separate black
school
• Are separate schools Constitutional?
• 9-0, no separate but equal in public schools is
not equal

24. Dred Scott v. Sanford

25. Dred Scott v. Sanford
• Dred Scott was taken to a free state
• Sued for his freedom
• Was not considered a citizen and thus could
not sue for his freedom

26. Hazelwood V. Kulhmeier

27. Hazelwood V. Kulhmeier
• School principal censored a school newspaper
taking out two articles
• Student sued saying it was freedom of speech
• SC sided with the principal saying school
newspaper was an activity not a public forum

28. Koramatsu v. United States

29. Koramatsu v. United States
• During WWII President Truman issued an
order to round up Japanese in California and
detain them in a camp during the war.
• Koramatsu sued on the grounds the President
was abusing his Constitutional powers
• Supreme Court sided with the President,
permissible during times of war

30. Mapp v. Ohio

31. Mapp v. Ohio
• Dollree Map’s house was searched with out a
legitimate warrant. The police found something
illegal and she was arrested and convicted.
• She sued saying her 4th Amendment rights against
illegal search and seizure were violated.
• SC sided with Ms. Mapp. “exclusionary rule”
evidence obtained illegally can not be used against in
court against you.

32. Miranda v. Arizona

33. Miranda v. Arizona
• Ernesto Miranda was arrested for raping a
young girl. During the questioning he was
never informed of his right to remain silent.
He confessed to the crime.
• He sued saying his due process right were
violated
• SC sided with Miranda- Police need to inform
suspect of their rights

34. NJ v. TLO

35. NJ v. TLO
• TLO pursed was searched by a school
administrator. They found marijuana and
other drug paraphernalia.
• She sued saying it was an illegal search, no
probable cause
• SC sided with school on reasonable suspicion.

36. Regents of the Univ of Cal v. Bakke

37. Regents of the Univ of Cal v. Bakke
• Bakke applied to med school and did not get
even though his scores were higher than some
minority students who did get in
• Sued saying that reverse discrimination
violated his equal rights
• SC sided with Bakke, school cant use solely
race for admission

38. Roe v. Wade

39. Roe v. Wade
• Roe lived in a state where it was illegal to get
an abortion.
• She sued saying it was her right to make a
private decision about abortion.
• SC protected a woman's right to choose an
abortion during the first three months of the
pregnancy

40. Texas v. Johnson

41. Texas v. Johnson
• Johnson was protesting and burned the US
flag. He was arrested jailed and fined
• He sued saying it was protected freedom of
speech.
• SC sided with Johnson

42. Tinker v. Des Moines

43. Tinker v. Des Moines
• Tinker’s wore a black arm band to protest the
war in Vietnam. They were told by school
administration to take it off or be suspended.
They refused.
• Tinkers sued claiming freedom of speech.
• SC sided with the Tinkers, Students have
limited speech in school

44. US v. Nixon

45. US v. Nixon
• After the Watergate scandal. Nixon refused to
turn over recording claiming executive privilege.
• Nixon claimed the Constitution gave the
president power to hold back evidence.
• SC sided the with US and Nixon had to turn over
the recordings.

46. Thompson v. Oklahoma

47. Thompson v. Oklahoma
• 17 year old committed murder and was
sentenced to death.
• Was the death penalty a violation of the 8th
Amendments cruel and unusual protection?
• Yes, 17 too young for the death penalty

48. Pottawatomie v.Earls

49. Pottawatomie v.Earls
• School District of Pottawatomie randomly
drug tested any student in extra curricular
activities.
• Lindsay Earl sued saying it was a violation of
her 4th Amendment.
• SC sided with the School District

50. Taxes
• Income taxes – largest revenue to US gov’t
• April 15th deadline, IRS
• Progressive tax - % you pay goes up the more
money you make

51. Taxes
• Social insurance taxes
– Social security
– Medicare
– Unemployment
– Regressive tax – all taxpayers pay the same %

52. Taxes
• Estate tax – tax on the property left by
someone who dies
• Custom tax – tax on goods brought back into
the country
• Sin taxes – taxes on items that are not
considered good for you. Cigarettes, soda

53. Taxes
• What are the three things a government can
do when it spends more than it brings in
revenue (money coming in).
– Raise taxes on citizens to pay for programs
– Cut government programs
– Borrow to pay for programs

54. We Are Done!!!!