The document discusses various topics related to pulmonary physiology including: 1) Lung volumes and capacities are measured using spirometry, with the sum of two volumes being measured. 2) Boyle's law states that in a constant temperature system, gas pressure is inversely proportional to volume. 3) At sea level, the partial pressure of oxygen in the atmosphere is approximately 160 mm Hg.

1. Pulmonary Jeopardy 100 200 300 5000 4000 3000 2000 1000 500 400 100 200 300 5000 4000 3000 2000 1000 500 400 100 200 300 5000 4000 3000 2000 1000 500 400 100 200 300 5000 4000 3000 2000 1000 500 400 100 200 300 5000 4000 3000 2000 1000 500 400 100 200 300 5000 4000 3000 2000 1000 500 400 100 200 300 5000 4000 3000 2000 1000 500 400 Mech Vent Flow Blood Lab Exch Basics 100 200 300 5000 4000 3000 2000 1000 500 400 Misc.

47. Alveolar pressure may exceed arterial pressure in all of the following conditions EXCEPT A. Hemorrhage B. Patients on positive pressure ventilation C. Normal individual playing a wind instrument D. Healthy woman during normal inspiration

48. Alveolar pressure of oxygen at sea level is approximately A. 21 mmHg B. 45 mmHg C. 40 mmHg D. 100 mmHg

50. Please select the correct relationship Top of the lung Bottom of the lung A. Ventilation Higher Lower B. Blood Flow Higher Lower C. V/Q Higher Lower D. PO 2 Lower Higher E. PCO 2 Higher Lower

51. Select the FALSE statement regarding the diffusion capacity for oxygen A. It is directly proportional to the number of pulmonary capillaries opened at a given time B. It is inversely proportional to the thickness of the alveolar-capillary membrane C. It is increased during the exercise D. It is unaffected by removal of part of the lung

52. Transfer of CO into the blood is “diffusion limited” because A. Partial pressure of CO rises very high in the blood as it flows along the pulmonary capillary B. CO chemically combines with Hb at a very high rate, keeping the pressure gradient at a high level C. CO transports is not dependent on thickness of alveolar-capillary membrane D. CO transport is limited by the amount of blood flowing through pulmonary capillaries

53. Which of the following has the greatest effect on the ability of blood to transport oxygen A. Capacity of the blood to dissolve oxygen B. pH of plasma C. CO 2 content of red blood cells D. Amount of hemoglobin in the blood E. Temperature of the blood

54. What is the difference in the arterial oxygen content of an individual who is breathing room air versus breathing 100%oxygen A. Zero B. About 1.8ml C. About 5.4ml D. 10.2ml

55. The affinity of hemoglobin for oxygen is decreased by all of the following EXCEPT A. Increased hydrogen ion concentration B. Increased temperature C. Exercise D. Increased 2,3 DPG E. Decreased temperature

56. How is CO2 transported ? A A small portion of CO 2 (5%) is transported in the dissolved state to the lungs. B The dissolved CO 2 reacts with water to form carbonic acid. C Formation of carbamino compounds with plasma proteins and hemoglobin. D All of the above E None of the above

57. BOYLES law states A. In a constant temperature system, pressure is inversely proportional to volume. B. In a constant volume system, pressure is directly proportional to the temperature. C. In a constant temperature system, pressure is directly proportional to volume. D. In a constant volume system, pressure is inversely proportional to the temperature.

58. On the the summit of Mt. Everest, where the barometric pressure is about 247mmHg, the partial pressure of inspired oxygen is about? A. 1 mm Hg B. 8 mm Hg C. 42 mm Hg D. 100 mm Hg

59. The volume of air that could enter the lung after a normal inspiration is the A. Tidal volume B. Expiratory reserve volume C. Residual volume D. Inspiratory reserve volume E. Dead space volume

60. During inspiration, as the diaphragm contracts, the pressure in the pleural space becomes? A. Equal to zero B. More positive C. More negative D. Equal to the pressure in the alveoli E. Equal to the pressure in the atmosphere

61. When a pneumothorax is induced, the chest wall__________ and the lungs____ A. Collapses in, Expands out B. Expands out, Collapses in C. Both Remain where they were D. Both collapse in

63. During the effort independent region of a forced expiration, flow is limited by? A. Contraction of expiratory muscles B. Inertia of chest wall C. Transmural pressure becomes zero D. Increased airway compliance E. Transmural pressure becomes positive

64. A patient is being artificially ventilated during surgery at a rate of 20 breaths/min and a tidal volume of 250ml/breath. Assuming a normal anatomical dead space of 150ml, the alveolar ventilation in this patient is A. 1000ml/min B. 2000ml/min C. 3000ml/min D. 4000ml/min E. 5000ml/min

65. In which of the following conditions is alveolar PO 2 increased and alveolar PCO 2 decreased A.Breathing air with low PO 2 B.Increased alveolar ventilation and unchanged metabolism C.Decreased alveolar ventilation and unchanged metabolism D.Increased metabolism and unchanged alveolar ventilation E.Proportional increase in metabolism and alveolar ventilation

66. In the upright position, ventilation per unit lung volume is greater at the base of the lung than at the apex because the base of the lung A. Has more negative intrapleural pressure than the apex at the start of inspiration B. Is less expanded than the the apex C. Has lower compliance than the apex D. Has more intrapulmonary-intrapleural pressure difference than the apex at the start of inspiration

67. BOYLES law states A. In a constant temperature system, pressure is inversely proportional to volume. B. In a constant volume system, pressure is directly proportional to the temperature. C. In a constant temperature system, pressure is directly proportional to volume. D. In a constant volume system, pressure is inversely proportional to the temperature.

109. Daily Double

110. Daily Double

111. Daily Double

112. Final Jeopardy

113. With a typical resting oxygen consumption of 250ml/min, what must Cardiac output be for survival, if the blood had no hemoglobin??

114. V02 = CO X a-v02 250ml/min = CO X 0.3 ml02/dl blood 250ml/min 3ml/L = 83L/min