This document provides guidance on developing effective presentation skills. It discusses key elements of presentations such as preparation, delivery, structure, and visual aids. Some best practices include practicing the presentation, keeping content concise and simple, maintaining good posture and eye contact, and engaging the audience. Nervousness during presentations is also addressed, with tips like mental visualization, relaxation techniques, and using nerves as positive energy. The document emphasizes the importance of preparation, customizing the presentation for the audience, and soliciting feedback to improve skills.

1. PRESENTATION
SKILLS
There are always three speeches, for every one
you actually gave. The one you practiced, the one
you gave, and the one you wish you gave."
-- Dale Carnegie

2. What Makes us Listen Or Not
BRAINSTORMING

3. PART 1—WHAT ARE PRESENTATIONS ?
PART 2—ELEMENTS OF PRESENTATIONS.
PART 3—HOW TO PRESENT WELL.
PART 4—ORAL PRESENTATIONS
PART 5—POSTER PRESENTATION

4. PART 1—WHAT ARE PRESENTATIONS ?PART 1—WHAT ARE PRESENTATIONS ?
 Exposed to your audience’s judgment.
 A myth that immense skill and the ‘gift of the gab’ is
needed.
 Putting ideas in a positive and professional manner.
 Audience interaction, retention and motivation is
reaped by tickling the mind.
 Exposed to your audience’s judgment.
 A myth that immense skill and the ‘gift of the gab’ is
needed.
 Putting ideas in a positive and professional manner.
 Audience interaction, retention and motivation is
reaped by tickling the mind.

5. Communicating Ideas
And Information
Content — it contains
information that people
need.
 Structure — it has a logical
beginning, middle, and end.
 Packaging — it must be
well prepared
Human Element —will be
remembered much more
because it has a person
attached to it.
Content — it contains
information that people
need.
 Structure — it has a logical
beginning, middle, and end.
 Packaging — it must be
well prepared
Human Element —will be
remembered much more
because it has a person
attached to it.

6. PART 2—IMPORTANT ELEMENTS
THE VOICE THE BODY
ACTIVE LISTENING
NERVES
QUESTIONING
NON VERBAL
COMMUNICATION

7. The Voice-- most valuable tool of the presenter
 Volume: lower and raise .
 Tone: The characteristics of
a sound.
Pitch: How high or low a
note is.
Pace: How long a sound lasts.
 Varying: helps to maintain
audience's interest.
Color: The key is to over-act
as Shakespeare said
“All the world's a stage”.
 Volume: lower and raise .
 Tone: The characteristics of
a sound.
Pitch: How high or low a
note is.
Pace: How long a sound lasts.
 Varying: helps to maintain
audience's interest.
Color: The key is to over-act
as Shakespeare said
“All the world's a stage”.

8. The Body
People listen and watch .
 Good posture helps to speak clearly and
effectively.
Standing erect and leaning forward
communicates that you are approachable,
receptive, and friendly.
Gestures: A lively speaking style captures
attention, and facilitates understanding.

9. Eye contact: conveys
interest, concern ,warmth,
and credibility.
Proximity: Enables you to
make better eye contact and
increases the opportunities
for others to speak.
Facial Expressions: Smiling
transmits happiness,
friendliness, and liking.

10. Active Listening
• Spend more time listening than talking
• Do not answer questions with questions.
• Be aware of biases.
• Never daydream when others talk.
• Plan responses after others have finished speaking.
• Provide feedback but do not interrupt incessantly.
• Spend more time listening than talking
• Do not answer questions with questions.
• Be aware of biases.
• Never daydream when others talk.
• Plan responses after others have finished speaking.
• Provide feedback but do not interrupt incessantly.

11. Nerves ---Reduce Tension
o Mental Visualization: Mentally
go over what you are going to
do.
o During the presentation: Take a
moment to yourself ,relax the
tenseness of your body, saying
to yourself, “I can do it!”.
o Channel the energy into
concentration and
expressiveness.
o The key is to continue on after
the mistake, and so will the
audience. Winners continue!
Losers stop!
o Never drink alcohol to reduce
tension!
o Mental Visualization: Mentally
go over what you are going to
do.
o During the presentation: Take a
moment to yourself ,relax the
tenseness of your body, saying
to yourself, “I can do it!”.
o Channel the energy into
concentration and
expressiveness.
o The key is to continue on after
the mistake, and so will the
audience. Winners continue!
Losers stop!
o Never drink alcohol to reduce
tension!

12. Questioning
• Always allow time at the end of the presentation for
questions.
• If you do not know the answer, be honest, do not
waffle.
• Answers that last 10 to 40 seconds work best.
• Always allow time at the end of the presentation for
questions.
• If you do not know the answer, be honest, do not
waffle.
• Answers that last 10 to 40 seconds work best.
Keep cool if a questioner
disagrees with you.
Try to find a way to agree
with part of their argument.

13. Non verbal communication
• Don’t cross your arms or legs –
it might make you seem defensive.
• Have eye contact, but don’t stare.
Nod when they are talking.
• Don’t slouch; sit up straight.
• Lean, but not too much.
• Smile and laugh.
• Don’t cross your arms or legs –
it might make you seem defensive.
• Have eye contact, but don’t stare.
Nod when they are talking.
• Don’t slouch; sit up straight.
• Lean, but not too much.
• Smile and laugh.

14. FACIAL EXPRESSIONS
 Face touching distracts,
shows nervousness.
 Slow down a bit.
 Don’t fidget.
 Use hands confidently.
 Keep a positive attitude.
 Be open and relaxed.
 Face touching distracts,
shows nervousness.
 Slow down a bit.
 Don’t fidget.
 Use hands confidently.
 Keep a positive attitude.
 Be open and relaxed.

15. Self Assessment Quiz.
3-Always / 2- Usually / 1-Sometimes / 0-Never.
1. During presentations I manage my anxiety to use as positive
energy.
2. I know how to reduce stress associated with presentations.
3. I identify the specific “audience- focused” objectives for my
presentations.
4. I evaluate the physical environment in which the presentation
is to be made.
5. To add passion, power and pizzazz to my presentation, I
practice the finished version several times.
6. I do not attempt to put too much information in my visuals.
7. I make certain to use eye contact with different members of
the audience.

16. 8 I monitor my facial expressions and consciously use a variety
of expressions.
9 I vary the pitch, volume, tone and pace of my voice.
10 I look for the opportunities to use stories and real life
illustrations.
11 I use a variety if visuals in my presentation.
12 I am comfortable conducting a Q &A as part of the
presentation.
13 As part of preparation I spend time anticipating likely
audience questions.
14 I try to align the non-verbal messages of body language
match the words I am verbalizing.
15 After the presentation I take time to get feedback and assess
my effectiveness so as to develop a plan for improvement.
TOTAL SCORE 45-37 / 36-16 Average / Below 15 Low

17. PART 3--How to Present Well
Preparation.
Presentation
style
Dealing with presentation nervousness
Developing as a
presenter
Working
your
audience
Structuring effective
presentations

18. AIDA : Gaining Attention, Holding Interest,
Arousing Desire and Obtaining Action
• Preparation: Practice on a colleague or friend.
Prepare, prepare, prepare.
• Reconnoiter: Go into the presentation room before the
event; practice any moves you may have to make.
• Technical support: Test the equipment before the
presentation;
• Preparation: Practice on a colleague or friend.
Prepare, prepare, prepare.
• Reconnoiter: Go into the presentation room before the
event; practice any moves you may have to make.
• Technical support: Test the equipment before the
presentation;

19. Presentation style
KISS
KEEP IT SHORT & SIMPLE.
Be yourself: Do not try to be
anyone else or copy another
presenter's style.
Be Dynamic: Vary the tone,
volume and speed of your
delivery you will hold your
audience’s attention for
longer.
KISS
KEEP IT SHORT & SIMPLE.
Be yourself: Do not try to be
anyone else or copy another
presenter's style.
Be Dynamic: Vary the tone,
volume and speed of your
delivery you will hold your
audience’s attention for
longer.

20. Dealing with presentation nervousness.
o Be nervous: a certain amount
of nervousness is vital.
o Get something else to do:
Any activity to make you feel
more secure.
o Hold on to something: Even just
standing next to something solid
will make you feel less wobbly.
o Go slow: Your audience needs the
time to assimilate and interpret
what you are saying.
o Be nervous: a certain amount
of nervousness is vital.
o Get something else to do:
Any activity to make you feel
more secure.
o Hold on to something: Even just
standing next to something solid
will make you feel less wobbly.
o Go slow: Your audience needs the
time to assimilate and interpret
what you are saying.

21. Working your audience
 Converse: Stimulate and
communicate with your
audience.
 Inter act: If the light bulbs
are not going on find
another way to say it.
 Show conviction: Be
expressive and
enthusiastic.
 Perspective: Audiences
want you to be good.
 Converse: Stimulate and
communicate with your
audience.
 Inter act: If the light bulbs
are not going on find
another way to say it.
 Show conviction: Be
expressive and
enthusiastic.
 Perspective: Audiences
want you to be good.

22. Structuring effective presentations
• Use metaphors: Convey
images and feeling and
enable others to empathize.
• Examples: help listeners to
see more clearly- quicker and
more colorful.
• The point: Stick to the point
using three or four basic ideas.
• Finale: End as if you have
done well.
• Use metaphors: Convey
images and feeling and
enable others to empathize.
• Examples: help listeners to
see more clearly- quicker and
more colorful.
• The point: Stick to the point
using three or four basic ideas.
• Finale: End as if you have
done well.

23. DEVELOPING AS
PRESENTER
Trust yourself:. Recognize
what you have and learn
what you don’t.
Success is the best
presentation training: Don’t
over reach yourself.
Feedback: Encourage those
around you to tell you the
things you did well.
Trust yourself:. Recognize
what you have and learn
what you don’t.
Success is the best
presentation training: Don’t
over reach yourself.
Feedback: Encourage those
around you to tell you the
things you did well.

24. PART – 4 COMMUNICATION SKILLS
ORAL PRESENTATIONS
PREPARATION
MAKING THE PRESENTATION
DELIVERY
VISUAL AIDS

25. PREPARATION
• Prepare the structure of the talk carefully and logically
• Write out the presentation in rough-. Review the draft.
• Leave what you don’t understand as unsaid.
• Never read from a script
• Remember to mark on your cards the visual aids that go with
them.
• Rehearse your presentation .
• Prepare the structure of the talk carefully and logically
• Write out the presentation in rough-. Review the draft.
• Leave what you don’t understand as unsaid.
• Never read from a script
• Remember to mark on your cards the visual aids that go with
them.
• Rehearse your presentation .

26. MAKING THE PRESENTATION
Greet the audience .
Keep to the time allowed.
 It's better to under-run than over-run.
Stick to the plan for the presentation.
Leave time for discussion - 5 minutes.
At the end ask if there are any questions.
 Other wise, ask a question of the audience - so have
Greet the audience .
Keep to the time allowed.
 It's better to under-run than over-run.
Stick to the plan for the presentation.
Leave time for discussion - 5 minutes.
At the end ask if there are any questions.
 Other wise, ask a question of the audience - so have

27. DELIVERY
• Speak clearly--judge the acoustics of the room.
• Don't rush, or talk deliberately slowly.
• Pause at key points
• Avoid jokes - unless you are a natural expert
• Change your delivery, but not too obviously.
• Use your hands to emphasize points
• Look at the audience as much as possible,
• Avoid moving about too much..
• Keep an eye on the audience's body language
• Speak clearly--judge the acoustics of the room.
• Don't rush, or talk deliberately slowly.
• Pause at key points
• Avoid jokes - unless you are a natural expert
• Change your delivery, but not too obviously.
• Use your hands to emphasize points
• Look at the audience as much as possible,
• Avoid moving about too much..
• Keep an eye on the audience's body language

28. Visual aids must be relevant to
the subject.
Real objects, Flipchart or
blackboard,
Slides and OHPs should contain
the minimum information
necessary.
Use color on your slides but
avoid orange and yellow which do
not show up very well when
projected.
. For text only, white or yellow
on blue is pleasant to look at and
easy to read.
Avoid adding to OHPs with a pen
during the talk - it's messy.

29. PART 4—POSTER PRESENTATION
• FORMAT
• DESIGN
• FORMAT
• DESIGN
 FORMAT
 DESIGN
 PERSONAL
GROOMING

30. FORMAT
 A Title page.
 A Summary of the project.
 An Introduction - aims and objectives.
 Methodology that explains the basis of the techniques used.
 Conclusion -listing the main findings of the investigation.
 A Title page.
 A Summary of the project.
 An Introduction - aims and objectives.
 Methodology that explains the basis of the techniques used.
 Conclusion -listing the main findings of the investigation.

31. Keep the material simple: do not
cramp.
Colors should be used tastefully
to emphasize, differentiate and to
add interest.
Titles and headings should appear
larger than other text.
A picture is worth a thousand
words.
Check your spelling.
Arrangement of poster
components should appear
smooth.
DESIGN

32. General Rules for Women:
 Wear a dress or a business suit. Dark in
color and professional.
 Avoid sleeveless or strapless apparel.
 Accessories should complement your
outfit, basic style & color. use red ,it is
attention getting ,and a power color.
 Jewelry should be simple and minimum.
Wear only one ring per hand.
 Shoes should complement your out fit,
be conservative, comfortable and stable.
 Hairstyles and makeup should be
conservative.
 Nail - Avoid extreme lengths,
 Do not wear hats.
APPEARANCE

33. General Rules for Men:
Wear a suit or slacks and a coat. Jackets add
authority. Use conservative colors and avoid
unusual styles.
Wear dress shoes and socks in a coordinating
color .[dark]
 Ties are the most powerful part of your out fit.
It should be conservative in style and non-
constricting. Consider using a red tie or one that
has a red background.
 Jewelry should be simple. Wear a
conservative style watch. Do not wear earrings.
 Hairstyle should be conservative. If you have,
long hair pull it, back.
 Facial hair is acceptable; just make sure it is
well groomed.
 Do not wear hats.
 Do not wear anything that will cause your
audience to question your professionalism or
credibility.