Freudian and psychoanalytic theory is discussed, including Freud's life, key concepts such as the id, ego, and superego, defense mechanisms, and dreams. The document also provides an overview of psychoanalytic criticism which aims to show how a literary work expresses unconscious desires and reflects the author's psyche, often looking at characters as projections of the author.
This document provides background information on Sigmund Freud and psychoanalytic theory. It discusses key concepts in Freudian psychology including the id, ego, and superego; the conscious and unconscious mind; drives and defenses. It also covers Freudian slips, dreams, jokes and their interpretation. The document then discusses other influential psychoanalytic theorists like Jung, Lacan and Kristeva. It defines psychoanalytic criticism and how it can be applied to literary analysis by examining themes of repression and psychological dynamics in both authors and their works.
The document provides information about Sigmund Freud and psychoanalytic theory. It discusses Freud's background and contributions, including creating psychoanalytic theory and therapy. It outlines some of Freud's key concepts, such as the unconscious mind, drives, personality components including the id, ego and superego, and defense mechanisms. The document also discusses other influential psychoanalytic theorists like Jung, Lacan and Kristeva. It defines psychoanalytic criticism and provides examples of questions psychoanalytic critics may ask about literary texts.
Sigmund Freud was an Austrian neurologist who developed psychoanalysis, a method of analyzing unconscious conflicts through free association, dreams, and fantasies. Freud's theories on topics like the Oedipus complex, libido, and the ego structure of the id, ego, and superego were highly influential. Psychoanalytic criticism applies Freudian concepts like the Oedipus complex to analyze literary characters and their motivations, as well as exploring the unconscious desires and anxieties that may have influenced the author. Critics examine works for evidence of things like repressed emotions, psychological conflicts, and childhood traumas that shaped the author and are reflected in their writing. Famous examples include Freud's analysis of Hamlet in
The shadow refers to the unconscious aspects of oneself that one rejects, including primitive or socially unacceptable urges and traits. It contains everything about oneself that one will not acknowledge. The shadow has two aspects - the less evolved and darker parts of one's psyche, as well as one's faults and weaknesses that are rejected by one's conscious ego. Failing to acknowledge and control the shadow through self-analysis can result in its manifestation in dreams combined with archetypes like the anima, representing one's shadow in projected form onto others. Integrating one's shadow through self-reflection is an important moral and psychological task.
(Psychoanalytic Theory) Literature - By Nisa Kae Anne and Fatimah Nur Khairunnisa
The document provides background information on psychoanalytic criticism and summarizes key concepts from Sigmund Freud and Carl Jung's theories. It then provides two examples analyzed through a psychoanalytic lens: the short story "The Yellow Wallpaper" and the poem "Because I could not stop for Death". Both works are examined in terms of Freudian concepts like the unconscious mind, repression, and death drive. Jung's idea of archetypes is also applied to interpret symbolic elements in "The Yellow Wallpaper".
Carl Jung was a Swiss psychiatrist and psychoanalyst who founded analytical psychology. Some of his key contributions include the concepts of archetypes, the collective unconscious, complex, and synchronicity. Jung proposed that archetypes are innate universal prototypes for ideas and may be found in myths, religion, and dreams. The collective unconscious consists of structures common to mankind, structured around archetypes. Jung identified 12 primary archetypes representing basic human motivations and personality traits. He also studied the anima/animus archetypes and the self archetype. Jung's work significantly influenced fields such as psychology, philosophy, and religion.
This document provides an overview of Carl Jung's theory of the psyche and how it can be applied to interpret Shakespeare's The Tempest. It explains Jung's concepts of the personal unconscious, collective unconscious, ego, archetypes like the shadow and anima/animus. It analyzes how Prospero, Ariel, and Caliban represent different parts of the psyche and how Prospero grows through balancing the opposites they represent according to Jungian theory.
This document provides an overview of key concepts from Sigmund Freud and Jacques Lacan's psychoanalytic theories. It discusses Freud's concepts of the unconscious, repression, dreams, and the Oedipus complex. For Lacan, it outlines the three registers of human reality - the symbolic, imaginary, and real. It also explains Lacanian concepts like the mirror phase, the Name of the Father, fantasy, symptom, and drive.
This document provides background information on Sigmund Freud and psychoanalytic theory. It discusses key concepts in Freudian psychology including the id, ego, and superego; the conscious and unconscious mind; drives and defenses. It also covers Freudian slips, dreams, jokes and their interpretation. The document then discusses other influential psychoanalytic theorists like Jung, Lacan and Kristeva. It defines psychoanalytic criticism and how it can be applied to literary analysis by examining themes of repression and psychological dynamics in both authors and their works.
The document provides information about Sigmund Freud and psychoanalytic theory. It discusses Freud's background and contributions, including creating psychoanalytic theory and therapy. It outlines some of Freud's key concepts, such as the unconscious mind, drives, personality components including the id, ego and superego, and defense mechanisms. The document also discusses other influential psychoanalytic theorists like Jung, Lacan and Kristeva. It defines psychoanalytic criticism and provides examples of questions psychoanalytic critics may ask about literary texts.
Sigmund Freud was an Austrian neurologist who developed psychoanalysis, a method of analyzing unconscious conflicts through free association, dreams, and fantasies. Freud's theories on topics like the Oedipus complex, libido, and the ego structure of the id, ego, and superego were highly influential. Psychoanalytic criticism applies Freudian concepts like the Oedipus complex to analyze literary characters and their motivations, as well as exploring the unconscious desires and anxieties that may have influenced the author. Critics examine works for evidence of things like repressed emotions, psychological conflicts, and childhood traumas that shaped the author and are reflected in their writing. Famous examples include Freud's analysis of Hamlet in
The shadow refers to the unconscious aspects of oneself that one rejects, including primitive or socially unacceptable urges and traits. It contains everything about oneself that one will not acknowledge. The shadow has two aspects - the less evolved and darker parts of one's psyche, as well as one's faults and weaknesses that are rejected by one's conscious ego. Failing to acknowledge and control the shadow through self-analysis can result in its manifestation in dreams combined with archetypes like the anima, representing one's shadow in projected form onto others. Integrating one's shadow through self-reflection is an important moral and psychological task.
(Psychoanalytic Theory) Literature - By Nisa Kae Anne and Fatimah Nur Khairunnisa
The document provides background information on psychoanalytic criticism and summarizes key concepts from Sigmund Freud and Carl Jung's theories. It then provides two examples analyzed through a psychoanalytic lens: the short story "The Yellow Wallpaper" and the poem "Because I could not stop for Death". Both works are examined in terms of Freudian concepts like the unconscious mind, repression, and death drive. Jung's idea of archetypes is also applied to interpret symbolic elements in "The Yellow Wallpaper".
Carl Jung was a Swiss psychiatrist and psychoanalyst who founded analytical psychology. Some of his key contributions include the concepts of archetypes, the collective unconscious, complex, and synchronicity. Jung proposed that archetypes are innate universal prototypes for ideas and may be found in myths, religion, and dreams. The collective unconscious consists of structures common to mankind, structured around archetypes. Jung identified 12 primary archetypes representing basic human motivations and personality traits. He also studied the anima/animus archetypes and the self archetype. Jung's work significantly influenced fields such as psychology, philosophy, and religion.
This document provides an overview of Carl Jung's theory of the psyche and how it can be applied to interpret Shakespeare's The Tempest. It explains Jung's concepts of the personal unconscious, collective unconscious, ego, archetypes like the shadow and anima/animus. It analyzes how Prospero, Ariel, and Caliban represent different parts of the psyche and how Prospero grows through balancing the opposites they represent according to Jungian theory.
This document provides an overview of key concepts from Sigmund Freud and Jacques Lacan's psychoanalytic theories. It discusses Freud's concepts of the unconscious, repression, dreams, and the Oedipus complex. For Lacan, it outlines the three registers of human reality - the symbolic, imaginary, and real. It also explains Lacanian concepts like the mirror phase, the Name of the Father, fantasy, symptom, and drive.
Carl Jung disagreed with some of Freud's theories and developed his own ideas. He believed that in addition to personal experiences, humans are influenced by innate archetypes from our ancestors and collective unconscious. Jung also believed that libido or psychic energy is not just sexual, but drives us towards many goals. He introduced concepts like introversion/extroversion and thinking/feeling as ways we process information. Jung explored ideas like the shadow self and anima/animus that influence our behavior outside our conscious awareness.
Group psychology and the analysis of the egoMichel Newman
1. The document summarizes key points from Gustave Le Bon's work on group psychology. Le Bon argues that when individuals form a group, they take on a "collective mind" that is different from when they are alone. They lose their individual characteristics and take on an "average character" of the group.
2. Le Bon believes individuals in a group also display new, more primitive characteristics due to "contagion" and heightened "suggestibility." He likens the state of individuals in a group to a hypnotic state, where they obey suggestions without conscious control over their actions.
3. The source of the "fascination" or hypnotic influence over group members is not clearly
Freud believed that unconscious desires and meanings are often revealed symbolically through dreams, slips of the tongue, and other unintended acts. He proposed that the mind is divided into the id, ego, and superego. The id operates on the pleasure principle, the ego seeks to satisfy the id in realistic ways based on the reality principle, and the superego focuses on how we ought to behave based on social norms. Freud also described psychosexual stages of development and defense mechanisms that the ego uses to reduce anxiety, such as repression, regression, and rationalization.
Carl Jung was a Swiss psychiatrist who founded analytical psychology. Some key points of his theory include:
1) He proposed the collective unconscious - a reservoir of experiences shared by humanity that influences our behaviors and emotions. It contains archetypes - innate tendencies to experience things in certain ways.
2) Major archetypes include the mother, representing nurturing relationships, and the shadow, representing repressed desires and the "dark side" of humanity.
3) Dreams, myths, and spiritual experiences across cultures provide evidence of the collective unconscious and archetypes. Near-death experiences in particular suggest we are "built" to experience death in similar ways.
4) Jung diverged from Freud by arguing archetypes
There are four main types of thrillers discussed in the document: action, psychological, horror, and crime. Action thrillers involve violence and physical challenges. Psychological thrillers center around characters who find themselves in dangerous situations they are unprepared for and must use mental resources rather than physical strength. Horror thrillers aim to frighten viewers and involve elements of the supernatural or serial killers. Crime thrillers fictionalize crimes and their detection, keeping viewers engaged as plots build to a climax.
Thriller films use suspense, tension, and excitement to stimulate the viewer's emotions and create anticipation, expectation, uncertainty, and anxiety. They tend to have fast-paced, gritty plots. Horror films aim to elicit negative emotions from viewers by playing on primal fears using scenes that startle and themes involving the macabre, supernatural, and viewers' nightmares. Psychological thrillers emphasize the unstable psychology of complex characters and incorporate elements of mystery, drama, horror, and psychological horror to explore moral ambiguity and dissolving realities.
Thrillers use suspense, tension, and excitement to stimulate the viewer's emotions and create anticipation, expectation, uncertainty, and anxiety. They tend to have fast-paced, gritty plots designed to get the adrenaline pumping. Horror films aim to elicit negative emotional reactions by playing on primal fears using scenes that startle viewers and themes involving the macabre, supernatural, and unknown. Psychological thrillers emphasize the unstable psychology of complex characters and explore moral ambiguity through dissolving senses of reality and tortured relationships between pathological personalities.
Derren Brown uses mind tricks to amaze audiences by revealing personal details about strangers. He employs cold reading techniques like making vague statements that most people would relate to, and using deductive reasoning based on subtle clues to learn details about people's lives and personalities. Psychological studies have shown that people hear what they want to hear and believe cold readings apply uniquely to them, even when the descriptions could fit many people.
Sigmund Freud developed psychoanalysis to investigate the conscious and unconscious mind. He believed dreams contain truths from our unconscious desires and fears. Freud outlined several models of the psyche, including the structural model with the id, ego, and superego. He proposed psychosexual stages including the Oedipus complex, where children unconsciously desire the opposite-sex parent before learning gender roles. Psychoanalysis aims to interpret dreams and unconscious desires to understand behavior and treat disorders.
This paper examines racism and racial profiling. It discusses how racism began with religious conflicts and evolved to include differences in ethnicity, social class, and race. Racial profiling stems from social experiences and beliefs that associate certain characteristics with dangerousness. The paper argues that racism affects everyone both as victims and perpetrators, and explores how fear, lack of knowledge, and belief systems motivate racism. It concludes that openly discussing racism in education and questioning societal structures are needed to reconstruct society and counteract racism.
This brainstorm document lists several potential film genres including a horror film about a serial killer or killer clown, a psychological thriller or horror, and a murder mystery.
Combatting Terrorism Within Moral And Ethical ConstraintsBrian Rutherford
This document discusses moral and ethical theories that could justify using a range of options to combat terrorism while maintaining moral and ethical constraints. It analyzes theories of just war and moral absolutism. Just war theory principles like just cause, righteous intention, proportionality and avoiding civilian harm could morally justify self-defense and actions to restore peace against terrorist groups. While terrorists view their actions as morally justified, most actions violate universal moral codes. A combination of just war theory and moral absolutism principles provides a framework to respond to terrorism in a morally justified way.
This document provides a high-level overview of 5 major genres of horror films: religious horror, monster horror, gothic horror, psychological horror, and slasher films.
Sigmund Freud developed several key concepts regarding personality structure and the origins of unconscious thoughts and behaviors. He proposed that the mind is divided into the conscious, preconscious, and unconscious. The unconscious contains repressed memories and drives related to survival and reproduction, known as the id. The ego acts as a mediator between the id and the superego, which represents internalized moral standards. Freud believed anxiety stems from conflicts between these structures and could be reduced through defense mechanisms like denial, projection, and repression. His psychoanalytic theory revolutionized the field of psychology and our understanding of human motivation and development.
Psychoanalytic theories explain human behaviour in terms of the interaction of various components of personality. Sigmund Freud was the founder of this school.
Freud drew on the physics of his day (thermodynamics) to coin the term psycho-dynamics. Based on the idea of converting heat into mechanical energy, he proposed psychic energy could be converted into behaviour.
Freud's theory places central importance on dynamic, unconscious psychological conflicts.
The document provides background information on Sigmund Freud and psychoanalytic theory. It discusses Freud's life and career, including developing psychoanalysis in Vienna in the late 19th/early 20th century. It outlines some of Freud's key concepts, including the unconscious mind, drives/instincts, the structure of personality into id/ego/superego, and defense mechanisms. The document also briefly discusses other influential psychoanalytic theorists like Jung, Lacan, and Kristeva and what psychoanalytic criticism aims to do in analyzing literary works.
Sigmund Freud (1856-1939) created psychoanalytic theory and psychotherapy. He believed unconscious sexual drives and dreams provided insight into human behavior. Freud analyzed the mind into conscious, preconscious, and unconscious parts. The unconscious consists of the id, ego, and superego. The id seeks pleasure, ego mediates reality, and superego acts as a conscience. Psychoanalytic criticism applies Freudian techniques to interpret texts and view characters as projections of the author's psyche, revealing unconscious desires, anxieties, and childhood traumas. It examines works for psychological conflicts and seeks to understand characters and relationships in psychological terms.
Sigmund Freud was an Austrian neurologist who founded psychoanalysis. He developed theories about the structure of the human mind and stages of psychosexual development. Freud proposed that the mind is divided into the id, ego, and superego, which are constantly in conflict. He believed unconscious motives and childhood experiences shape adult behavior. Freud made major contributions through his theories of dreams, defense mechanisms, and the importance of sexuality in development. Though influential, Freud's theories are also subject to some criticism regarding emphasis on childhood and sexuality as motivators.
Psychological criticism examines literary works through the lens of psychology and psychoanalytic theory. It seeks to understand deeper meanings and motivations by analyzing characters' behaviors, words, and narrative events through concepts like repression, the unconscious mind, and Freudian stages of development. A work can be interpreted as expressing the psyche of the author or revealing psychological patterns in characters. Readers' enjoyment may also relate to unconscious desires. Common approaches include viewing a work as a manifestation of the subconscious, focusing on characters' psychological motives, or interpreting the reader-text relationship.
Sigmund Freud developed psychoanalytic theory and therapy in the late 19th/early 20th century. He believed unconscious drives, especially sexuality, dictated human behavior. Psychoanalytic criticism applies his theories to analyze literature by examining authors' and characters' states of mind. Freud proposed the mind has three parts: the id seeks pleasure; the ego mediates reality; the super-ego incorporates social norms. Carl Jung expanded on this, believing shared unconscious memories he called archetypes are manifest in myths and literature. Psychoanalytic criticism explores these universal symbols in works.
Carl Jung disagreed with some of Freud's theories and developed his own ideas. He believed that in addition to personal experiences, humans are influenced by innate archetypes from our ancestors and collective unconscious. Jung also believed that libido or psychic energy is not just sexual, but drives us towards many goals. He introduced concepts like introversion/extroversion and thinking/feeling as ways we process information. Jung explored ideas like the shadow self and anima/animus that influence our behavior outside our conscious awareness.
Group psychology and the analysis of the egoMichel Newman
1. The document summarizes key points from Gustave Le Bon's work on group psychology. Le Bon argues that when individuals form a group, they take on a "collective mind" that is different from when they are alone. They lose their individual characteristics and take on an "average character" of the group.
2. Le Bon believes individuals in a group also display new, more primitive characteristics due to "contagion" and heightened "suggestibility." He likens the state of individuals in a group to a hypnotic state, where they obey suggestions without conscious control over their actions.
3. The source of the "fascination" or hypnotic influence over group members is not clearly
Freud believed that unconscious desires and meanings are often revealed symbolically through dreams, slips of the tongue, and other unintended acts. He proposed that the mind is divided into the id, ego, and superego. The id operates on the pleasure principle, the ego seeks to satisfy the id in realistic ways based on the reality principle, and the superego focuses on how we ought to behave based on social norms. Freud also described psychosexual stages of development and defense mechanisms that the ego uses to reduce anxiety, such as repression, regression, and rationalization.
Carl Jung was a Swiss psychiatrist who founded analytical psychology. Some key points of his theory include:
1) He proposed the collective unconscious - a reservoir of experiences shared by humanity that influences our behaviors and emotions. It contains archetypes - innate tendencies to experience things in certain ways.
2) Major archetypes include the mother, representing nurturing relationships, and the shadow, representing repressed desires and the "dark side" of humanity.
3) Dreams, myths, and spiritual experiences across cultures provide evidence of the collective unconscious and archetypes. Near-death experiences in particular suggest we are "built" to experience death in similar ways.
4) Jung diverged from Freud by arguing archetypes
There are four main types of thrillers discussed in the document: action, psychological, horror, and crime. Action thrillers involve violence and physical challenges. Psychological thrillers center around characters who find themselves in dangerous situations they are unprepared for and must use mental resources rather than physical strength. Horror thrillers aim to frighten viewers and involve elements of the supernatural or serial killers. Crime thrillers fictionalize crimes and their detection, keeping viewers engaged as plots build to a climax.
Thriller films use suspense, tension, and excitement to stimulate the viewer's emotions and create anticipation, expectation, uncertainty, and anxiety. They tend to have fast-paced, gritty plots. Horror films aim to elicit negative emotions from viewers by playing on primal fears using scenes that startle and themes involving the macabre, supernatural, and viewers' nightmares. Psychological thrillers emphasize the unstable psychology of complex characters and incorporate elements of mystery, drama, horror, and psychological horror to explore moral ambiguity and dissolving realities.
Thrillers use suspense, tension, and excitement to stimulate the viewer's emotions and create anticipation, expectation, uncertainty, and anxiety. They tend to have fast-paced, gritty plots designed to get the adrenaline pumping. Horror films aim to elicit negative emotional reactions by playing on primal fears using scenes that startle viewers and themes involving the macabre, supernatural, and unknown. Psychological thrillers emphasize the unstable psychology of complex characters and explore moral ambiguity through dissolving senses of reality and tortured relationships between pathological personalities.
Derren Brown uses mind tricks to amaze audiences by revealing personal details about strangers. He employs cold reading techniques like making vague statements that most people would relate to, and using deductive reasoning based on subtle clues to learn details about people's lives and personalities. Psychological studies have shown that people hear what they want to hear and believe cold readings apply uniquely to them, even when the descriptions could fit many people.
Sigmund Freud developed psychoanalysis to investigate the conscious and unconscious mind. He believed dreams contain truths from our unconscious desires and fears. Freud outlined several models of the psyche, including the structural model with the id, ego, and superego. He proposed psychosexual stages including the Oedipus complex, where children unconsciously desire the opposite-sex parent before learning gender roles. Psychoanalysis aims to interpret dreams and unconscious desires to understand behavior and treat disorders.
This paper examines racism and racial profiling. It discusses how racism began with religious conflicts and evolved to include differences in ethnicity, social class, and race. Racial profiling stems from social experiences and beliefs that associate certain characteristics with dangerousness. The paper argues that racism affects everyone both as victims and perpetrators, and explores how fear, lack of knowledge, and belief systems motivate racism. It concludes that openly discussing racism in education and questioning societal structures are needed to reconstruct society and counteract racism.
This brainstorm document lists several potential film genres including a horror film about a serial killer or killer clown, a psychological thriller or horror, and a murder mystery.
Combatting Terrorism Within Moral And Ethical ConstraintsBrian Rutherford
This document discusses moral and ethical theories that could justify using a range of options to combat terrorism while maintaining moral and ethical constraints. It analyzes theories of just war and moral absolutism. Just war theory principles like just cause, righteous intention, proportionality and avoiding civilian harm could morally justify self-defense and actions to restore peace against terrorist groups. While terrorists view their actions as morally justified, most actions violate universal moral codes. A combination of just war theory and moral absolutism principles provides a framework to respond to terrorism in a morally justified way.
This document provides a high-level overview of 5 major genres of horror films: religious horror, monster horror, gothic horror, psychological horror, and slasher films.
Sigmund Freud developed several key concepts regarding personality structure and the origins of unconscious thoughts and behaviors. He proposed that the mind is divided into the conscious, preconscious, and unconscious. The unconscious contains repressed memories and drives related to survival and reproduction, known as the id. The ego acts as a mediator between the id and the superego, which represents internalized moral standards. Freud believed anxiety stems from conflicts between these structures and could be reduced through defense mechanisms like denial, projection, and repression. His psychoanalytic theory revolutionized the field of psychology and our understanding of human motivation and development.
Psychoanalytic theories explain human behaviour in terms of the interaction of various components of personality. Sigmund Freud was the founder of this school.
Freud drew on the physics of his day (thermodynamics) to coin the term psycho-dynamics. Based on the idea of converting heat into mechanical energy, he proposed psychic energy could be converted into behaviour.
Freud's theory places central importance on dynamic, unconscious psychological conflicts.
The document provides background information on Sigmund Freud and psychoanalytic theory. It discusses Freud's life and career, including developing psychoanalysis in Vienna in the late 19th/early 20th century. It outlines some of Freud's key concepts, including the unconscious mind, drives/instincts, the structure of personality into id/ego/superego, and defense mechanisms. The document also briefly discusses other influential psychoanalytic theorists like Jung, Lacan, and Kristeva and what psychoanalytic criticism aims to do in analyzing literary works.
Sigmund Freud (1856-1939) created psychoanalytic theory and psychotherapy. He believed unconscious sexual drives and dreams provided insight into human behavior. Freud analyzed the mind into conscious, preconscious, and unconscious parts. The unconscious consists of the id, ego, and superego. The id seeks pleasure, ego mediates reality, and superego acts as a conscience. Psychoanalytic criticism applies Freudian techniques to interpret texts and view characters as projections of the author's psyche, revealing unconscious desires, anxieties, and childhood traumas. It examines works for psychological conflicts and seeks to understand characters and relationships in psychological terms.
Sigmund Freud was an Austrian neurologist who founded psychoanalysis. He developed theories about the structure of the human mind and stages of psychosexual development. Freud proposed that the mind is divided into the id, ego, and superego, which are constantly in conflict. He believed unconscious motives and childhood experiences shape adult behavior. Freud made major contributions through his theories of dreams, defense mechanisms, and the importance of sexuality in development. Though influential, Freud's theories are also subject to some criticism regarding emphasis on childhood and sexuality as motivators.
Psychological criticism examines literary works through the lens of psychology and psychoanalytic theory. It seeks to understand deeper meanings and motivations by analyzing characters' behaviors, words, and narrative events through concepts like repression, the unconscious mind, and Freudian stages of development. A work can be interpreted as expressing the psyche of the author or revealing psychological patterns in characters. Readers' enjoyment may also relate to unconscious desires. Common approaches include viewing a work as a manifestation of the subconscious, focusing on characters' psychological motives, or interpreting the reader-text relationship.
Sigmund Freud developed psychoanalytic theory and therapy in the late 19th/early 20th century. He believed unconscious drives, especially sexuality, dictated human behavior. Psychoanalytic criticism applies his theories to analyze literature by examining authors' and characters' states of mind. Freud proposed the mind has three parts: the id seeks pleasure; the ego mediates reality; the super-ego incorporates social norms. Carl Jung expanded on this, believing shared unconscious memories he called archetypes are manifest in myths and literature. Psychoanalytic criticism explores these universal symbols in works.
This document provides an overview of several theories of personality, including psychodynamic, humanistic, trait, and factor theories. It summarizes Freud's psychodynamic view of personality developing from the id, ego, and superego. Key concepts from other psychodynamic theorists like Jung, Adler, and Horney are also mentioned. The document then shifts to discussing humanistic theories from Maslow and Rogers, focusing on self-actualization and conditions that facilitate growth. Next, it covers trait theory and the "Big Five" personality factors identified through factor analysis. Various methods for assessing personality from each theoretical perspective are briefly outlined.
This document provides instruction on the four main types of sentences in English: simple, compound, complex, and compound-complex. It defines each type and provides examples. Simple sentences contain one independent clause. Compound sentences join two independent clauses with coordinating conjunctions or semicolons. Complex sentences contain an independent clause and one or more dependent clauses. Compound-complex sentences contain at least two independent clauses and one or more dependent clauses. The document reviews identifying and writing each sentence type and provides guidance for a homework assignment to write examples of each.
This document provides information for the first class of EWRT 1A taught by Dr. Kim Palmore. The class will include reviewing the introduction, brainstorming activities, and introducing essay #1 on choosing survival supplies. Students will engage in a group activity to choose supplies from lists to argue for in a 750 word essay. The essay should have an introduction with a clear thesis, body paragraphs with topic sentences and examples supporting each supply choice, and a conclusion. Homework includes posting an outline with thesis and being prepared for an in-class essay exam in the next class.
This document provides an overview and instructions for a hybrid English composition course. It introduces the instructor and outlines the course format, which includes both in-person and online components. Students are instructed on how to access course materials and assignments through the Canvas online platform. Key policies like attendance, late work, and academic honesty are also summarized. The document concludes by directing students to familiarize themselves with the course website and syllabus in preparation for the next class.
This document provides an overview and instructions for a hybrid English composition course. It introduces the instructor and their contact information. It explains that the class will meet in-person once a week for 2 hours and 15 minutes, and students will complete the remaining coursework online through presentations on the course website. It outlines how the online platform Canvas will be used and provides instructions for navigating it. It lists the course requirements including essays, homework posts, and reading quizzes. It discusses policies around attendance, late work, academic integrity and conduct. Finally, it provides the course syllabus calendar.
This document provides an overview and instructions for Dr. Kim Palmore's hybrid EWRT 1A course. The key points are:
- The class meets once a week in person and requires additional online work to be completed independently through presentations on the course website.
- The website, Canvas, will be used for communication, submitting assignments, accessing course materials and viewing grades.
- Students are expected to actively participate in class discussions and regularly complete assignments by their deadlines. Formal writing assignments include essays that must be submitted electronically through Kaizena.
- The syllabus outlines course policies on attendance, late work, academic integrity and expected conduct. It also provides a tentative course calendar and information
This document provides information for the first class of EWRT 1A taught by Dr. Kim Palmore. It includes an agenda with topics like an introduction, brainstorming activity, and outlining an essay. Students will choose survival supplies for a hypothetical weeks-long trip into the woods and write an argument essay defending their choices. The document gives categories of supplies to pick from and instructs students to discuss their options in groups. It provides guidance on writing an outline, thesis, body paragraphs, and conclusion for the essay. The homework is to post an outline, bring a hard copy to class, and prepare to do an in-class writing exam.
This document provides an overview of the EWRT 1A course. It introduces the instructor, Dr. Kim Palmore, and outlines the course details and expectations. The class is a hybrid course that meets weekly for 2 hours and 15 minutes, with an additional 2 hours and 15 minutes of online work each week. Students will use the Canvas platform to access course materials, assignments, and submit homework. Students are expected to actively participate in class discussions and regularly complete reading and writing assignments on time, including essays, homework posts, and quizzes. Academic honesty is strictly enforced.
To highlight and comment on an essay using Kaizena:
1. Find the essay assignment and submission requirements
2. Highlight required sections of the essay using the specified colors
3. To add a comment, highlight text and type the comment in the box that appears, then click "Post to Highlight"
4. Use one consistent color for your own highlights so the instructor can use a different color for feedback
1) All essays and projects must be submitted electronically through Kaizena before the class period they are due.
2) Students will enter a group code to submit essays and can add files from Google Drive or their desktop in PDF format.
3) The professor will review highlighting and commenting on essays and students can leave written or voice comments on their submissions.
To establish a WordPress username for completing homework, students can visit https://signup.wordpress.com/signup/?user=1 and follow the steps to create a free username, or sign in through Facebook instead of using their own name; they should then email their instructor their username and use that account for all class work online, as having a username is mandatory for much of the coursework being done online.
Here is a 4 line quotation integrated into a sentence in my essay:
According to leading health expert Dr. Susan Smith, making healthy choices is about more than just weight loss or appearance. As she states:
"Health is about feeling your best both physically and mentally. It's finding energy and joy in everyday activities rather than feeling drained. Making small changes like adding more vegetables or taking a walk after dinner can lead to big improvements in overall well-being."
This quotation effectively captures Dr. Smith's perspective that health is about overall wellness, not just physical appearance or numbers on a scale. Focusing on small, sustainable lifestyle changes and how they can enhance quality of life is a motivating message.
This document provides an overview of the key information for a hybrid English composition course. It includes the instructor's contact information and a description of how the hybrid format will work with some weekly in-person meetings and additional online content. It outlines how the course website and learning management system Canvas will be used and provides details on course requirements, assignments, materials, and policies around attendance, late work, academic honesty, and conduct. The syllabus calendar gives a tentative weekly schedule and overview of topics. Students are instructed to review the information and policies, take a quiz on the first presentation, and complete tasks like exploring the website and setting up accounts before the next class.
This document provides an overview and analysis of themes, tensions, and theoretical approaches in Night by Elie Wiesel. It discusses major themes like death, God/religion, sanity/insanity, and family. It analyzes the internal and external tensions present in the work. It also explores how trauma theory and other theoretical lenses can provide insight into the text. Key events and passages are analyzed in depth, with questions provided about character perspectives and shifts in worldview over the course of the horrific events depicted in the Holocaust memoir.
This document outlines the schedule and assignments for a hybrid literature and composition class over 9 weeks. It includes in-class and online activities as well as assigned readings and homework for each week. The main topics covered are New Criticism, feminist criticism, psychoanalytic criticism, short stories, and trauma theory. Students are assigned two essays analyzing poems and short stories using different literary lenses. They also have online discussion posts and take an exam on the materials covered in the first few weeks.
1. This document provides the guidelines and requirements for Essay #3, which asks students to write a 3-5 page concept essay explaining and analyzing a concept of their choosing. Students must highlight and comment on specific sections of their essay, include at least 3 sources in a Works Cited page, and meet formatting and length requirements.
2. The essay should objectively explain the chosen concept for readers who may or may not be familiar with it already. Students are encouraged to reveal uncommon details about the concept and use examples and imagery to illustrate it clearly.
3. The document outlines learning outcomes, previously learned skills, best practices, and traps to avoid like choosing an inappropriate topic or failing to support arguments with evidence
Here are some potential connections between the prisoners in Night and Shawshank Redemption:
- Both groups are stripped of their freedom and individuality. In the camps, prisoners are reduced to numbers and forced into uniformity/submission. In Shawshank, the prisoners lose control over their lives and must obey the prison system.
- Survival requires adapting to a harsh, inhumane system not of one's own making. In the camps, prisoners must find ways to endure unthinkable cruelty and deprivation. In Shawshank, inmates navigate the prison's oppressive rules and power structures.
- Hope and humanity can persist even in the darkest of places. In Night, some prisoners retain aspects of dignity and compassion
The document provides an agenda and discussion points for analyzing the novella "Rita Hayworth and Shawshank Redemption" by Stephen King and the short story "The Metamorphosis" by Franz Kafka.
For "Rita Hayworth", there is a discussion of themes like hope, struggle, and imprisonment. Potential discussion questions are also listed. For "The Metamorphosis", summaries of each chapter are provided along with characters, potential theoretical approaches, and discussion questions. The agenda then outlines a group discussion for analyzing both works.
The agenda covers discussions of two novellas: Rita Hayworth and Shawshank Redemption and The Metamorphosis. For Shawshank, key themes of hope, struggle, and imprisonment will be analyzed. For The Metamorphosis, three chapter summaries are provided: Chapter 1 details Gregor waking up as a cockroach and his family's initial reaction. Chapter 2 explores Gregor's loneliness and his sister's compassion. Chapter 3 finds Gregor weakening as the family acclimates to his condition. Potential discussion questions are posed about characters and applying psychoanalytic theory.
This document provides an agenda and information for an online EWRT 1C class on Franz Kafka's novella "The Metamorphosis". The class will include reading the novella, an introduction to Kafka as the author, and discussing the historical and literary contexts. Kafka is introduced as an Austrian-Jewish writer from Prague in the late 19th/early 20th century. The novella is then analyzed including its use of third-person narration from the perspective of Gregor Samsa after he transforms into an insect. Students are assigned to read the novella and answer one of several discussion questions in 200-300 words for homework.
Connector Corner: Seamlessly power UiPath Apps, GenAI with prebuilt connectorsDianaGray10
Join us to learn how UiPath Apps can directly and easily interact with prebuilt connectors via Integration Service--including Salesforce, ServiceNow, Open GenAI, and more.
The best part is you can achieve this without building a custom workflow! Say goodbye to the hassle of using separate automations to call APIs. By seamlessly integrating within App Studio, you can now easily streamline your workflow, while gaining direct access to our Connector Catalog of popular applications.
We’ll discuss and demo the benefits of UiPath Apps and connectors including:
Creating a compelling user experience for any software, without the limitations of APIs.
Accelerating the app creation process, saving time and effort
Enjoying high-performance CRUD (create, read, update, delete) operations, for
seamless data management.
Speakers:
Russell Alfeche, Technology Leader, RPA at qBotic and UiPath MVP
Charlie Greenberg, host
zkStudyClub - LatticeFold: A Lattice-based Folding Scheme and its Application...Alex Pruden
Folding is a recent technique for building efficient recursive SNARKs. Several elegant folding protocols have been proposed, such as Nova, Supernova, Hypernova, Protostar, and others. However, all of them rely on an additively homomorphic commitment scheme based on discrete log, and are therefore not post-quantum secure. In this work we present LatticeFold, the first lattice-based folding protocol based on the Module SIS problem. This folding protocol naturally leads to an efficient recursive lattice-based SNARK and an efficient PCD scheme. LatticeFold supports folding low-degree relations, such as R1CS, as well as high-degree relations, such as CCS. The key challenge is to construct a secure folding protocol that works with the Ajtai commitment scheme. The difficulty, is ensuring that extracted witnesses are low norm through many rounds of folding. We present a novel technique using the sumcheck protocol to ensure that extracted witnesses are always low norm no matter how many rounds of folding are used. Our evaluation of the final proof system suggests that it is as performant as Hypernova, while providing post-quantum security.
Paper Link: https://eprint.iacr.org/2024/257
Have you ever been confused by the myriad of choices offered by AWS for hosting a website or an API?
Lambda, Elastic Beanstalk, Lightsail, Amplify, S3 (and more!) can each host websites + APIs. But which one should we choose?
Which one is cheapest? Which one is fastest? Which one will scale to meet our needs?
Join me in this session as we dive into each AWS hosting service to determine which one is best for your scenario and explain why!
Skybuffer SAM4U tool for SAP license adoptionTatiana Kojar
Manage and optimize your license adoption and consumption with SAM4U, an SAP free customer software asset management tool.
SAM4U, an SAP complimentary software asset management tool for customers, delivers a detailed and well-structured overview of license inventory and usage with a user-friendly interface. We offer a hosted, cost-effective, and performance-optimized SAM4U setup in the Skybuffer Cloud environment. You retain ownership of the system and data, while we manage the ABAP 7.58 infrastructure, ensuring fixed Total Cost of Ownership (TCO) and exceptional services through the SAP Fiori interface.
AppSec PNW: Android and iOS Application Security with MobSFAjin Abraham
Mobile Security Framework - MobSF is a free and open source automated mobile application security testing environment designed to help security engineers, researchers, developers, and penetration testers to identify security vulnerabilities, malicious behaviours and privacy concerns in mobile applications using static and dynamic analysis. It supports all the popular mobile application binaries and source code formats built for Android and iOS devices. In addition to automated security assessment, it also offers an interactive testing environment to build and execute scenario based test/fuzz cases against the application.
This talk covers:
Using MobSF for static analysis of mobile applications.
Interactive dynamic security assessment of Android and iOS applications.
Solving Mobile app CTF challenges.
Reverse engineering and runtime analysis of Mobile malware.
How to shift left and integrate MobSF/mobsfscan SAST and DAST in your build pipeline.
Main news related to the CCS TSI 2023 (2023/1695)Jakub Marek
An English 🇬🇧 translation of a presentation to the speech I gave about the main changes brought by CCS TSI 2023 at the biggest Czech conference on Communications and signalling systems on Railways, which was held in Clarion Hotel Olomouc from 7th to 9th November 2023 (konferenceszt.cz). Attended by around 500 participants and 200 on-line followers.
The original Czech 🇨🇿 version of the presentation can be found here: https://www.slideshare.net/slideshow/hlavni-novinky-souvisejici-s-ccs-tsi-2023-2023-1695/269688092 .
The videorecording (in Czech) from the presentation is available here: https://youtu.be/WzjJWm4IyPk?si=SImb06tuXGb30BEH .
Northern Engraving | Nameplate Manufacturing Process - 2024Northern Engraving
Manufacturing custom quality metal nameplates and badges involves several standard operations. Processes include sheet prep, lithography, screening, coating, punch press and inspection. All decoration is completed in the flat sheet with adhesive and tooling operations following. The possibilities for creating unique durable nameplates are endless. How will you create your brand identity? We can help!
Fueling AI with Great Data with Airbyte WebinarZilliz
This talk will focus on how to collect data from a variety of sources, leveraging this data for RAG and other GenAI use cases, and finally charting your course to productionalization.
"Frontline Battles with DDoS: Best practices and Lessons Learned", Igor IvaniukFwdays
At this talk we will discuss DDoS protection tools and best practices, discuss network architectures and what AWS has to offer. Also, we will look into one of the largest DDoS attacks on Ukrainian infrastructure that happened in February 2022. We'll see, what techniques helped to keep the web resources available for Ukrainians and how AWS improved DDoS protection for all customers based on Ukraine experience
5th LF Energy Power Grid Model Meet-up SlidesDanBrown980551
5th Power Grid Model Meet-up
It is with great pleasure that we extend to you an invitation to the 5th Power Grid Model Meet-up, scheduled for 6th June 2024. This event will adopt a hybrid format, allowing participants to join us either through an online Mircosoft Teams session or in person at TU/e located at Den Dolech 2, Eindhoven, Netherlands. The meet-up will be hosted by Eindhoven University of Technology (TU/e), a research university specializing in engineering science & technology.
Power Grid Model
The global energy transition is placing new and unprecedented demands on Distribution System Operators (DSOs). Alongside upgrades to grid capacity, processes such as digitization, capacity optimization, and congestion management are becoming vital for delivering reliable services.
Power Grid Model is an open source project from Linux Foundation Energy and provides a calculation engine that is increasingly essential for DSOs. It offers a standards-based foundation enabling real-time power systems analysis, simulations of electrical power grids, and sophisticated what-if analysis. In addition, it enables in-depth studies and analysis of the electrical power grid’s behavior and performance. This comprehensive model incorporates essential factors such as power generation capacity, electrical losses, voltage levels, power flows, and system stability.
Power Grid Model is currently being applied in a wide variety of use cases, including grid planning, expansion, reliability, and congestion studies. It can also help in analyzing the impact of renewable energy integration, assessing the effects of disturbances or faults, and developing strategies for grid control and optimization.
What to expect
For the upcoming meetup we are organizing, we have an exciting lineup of activities planned:
-Insightful presentations covering two practical applications of the Power Grid Model.
-An update on the latest advancements in Power Grid -Model technology during the first and second quarters of 2024.
-An interactive brainstorming session to discuss and propose new feature requests.
-An opportunity to connect with fellow Power Grid Model enthusiasts and users.
HCL Notes und Domino Lizenzkostenreduzierung in der Welt von DLAUpanagenda
Webinar Recording: https://www.panagenda.com/webinars/hcl-notes-und-domino-lizenzkostenreduzierung-in-der-welt-von-dlau/
DLAU und die Lizenzen nach dem CCB- und CCX-Modell sind für viele in der HCL-Community seit letztem Jahr ein heißes Thema. Als Notes- oder Domino-Kunde haben Sie vielleicht mit unerwartet hohen Benutzerzahlen und Lizenzgebühren zu kämpfen. Sie fragen sich vielleicht, wie diese neue Art der Lizenzierung funktioniert und welchen Nutzen sie Ihnen bringt. Vor allem wollen Sie sicherlich Ihr Budget einhalten und Kosten sparen, wo immer möglich. Das verstehen wir und wir möchten Ihnen dabei helfen!
Wir erklären Ihnen, wie Sie häufige Konfigurationsprobleme lösen können, die dazu führen können, dass mehr Benutzer gezählt werden als nötig, und wie Sie überflüssige oder ungenutzte Konten identifizieren und entfernen können, um Geld zu sparen. Es gibt auch einige Ansätze, die zu unnötigen Ausgaben führen können, z. B. wenn ein Personendokument anstelle eines Mail-Ins für geteilte Mailboxen verwendet wird. Wir zeigen Ihnen solche Fälle und deren Lösungen. Und natürlich erklären wir Ihnen das neue Lizenzmodell.
Nehmen Sie an diesem Webinar teil, bei dem HCL-Ambassador Marc Thomas und Gastredner Franz Walder Ihnen diese neue Welt näherbringen. Es vermittelt Ihnen die Tools und das Know-how, um den Überblick zu bewahren. Sie werden in der Lage sein, Ihre Kosten durch eine optimierte Domino-Konfiguration zu reduzieren und auch in Zukunft gering zu halten.
Diese Themen werden behandelt
- Reduzierung der Lizenzkosten durch Auffinden und Beheben von Fehlkonfigurationen und überflüssigen Konten
- Wie funktionieren CCB- und CCX-Lizenzen wirklich?
- Verstehen des DLAU-Tools und wie man es am besten nutzt
- Tipps für häufige Problembereiche, wie z. B. Team-Postfächer, Funktions-/Testbenutzer usw.
- Praxisbeispiele und Best Practices zum sofortigen Umsetzen
Dandelion Hashtable: beyond billion requests per second on a commodity serverAntonios Katsarakis
This slide deck presents DLHT, a concurrent in-memory hashtable. Despite efforts to optimize hashtables, that go as far as sacrificing core functionality, state-of-the-art designs still incur multiple memory accesses per request and block request processing in three cases. First, most hashtables block while waiting for data to be retrieved from memory. Second, open-addressing designs, which represent the current state-of-the-art, either cannot free index slots on deletes or must block all requests to do so. Third, index resizes block every request until all objects are copied to the new index. Defying folklore wisdom, DLHT forgoes open-addressing and adopts a fully-featured and memory-aware closed-addressing design based on bounded cache-line-chaining. This design offers lock-free index operations and deletes that free slots instantly, (2) completes most requests with a single memory access, (3) utilizes software prefetching to hide memory latencies, and (4) employs a novel non-blocking and parallel resizing. In a commodity server and a memory-resident workload, DLHT surpasses 1.6B requests per second and provides 3.5x (12x) the throughput of the state-of-the-art closed-addressing (open-addressing) resizable hashtable on Gets (Deletes).
HCL Notes and Domino License Cost Reduction in the World of DLAUpanagenda
Webinar Recording: https://www.panagenda.com/webinars/hcl-notes-and-domino-license-cost-reduction-in-the-world-of-dlau/
The introduction of DLAU and the CCB & CCX licensing model caused quite a stir in the HCL community. As a Notes and Domino customer, you may have faced challenges with unexpected user counts and license costs. You probably have questions on how this new licensing approach works and how to benefit from it. Most importantly, you likely have budget constraints and want to save money where possible. Don’t worry, we can help with all of this!
We’ll show you how to fix common misconfigurations that cause higher-than-expected user counts, and how to identify accounts which you can deactivate to save money. There are also frequent patterns that can cause unnecessary cost, like using a person document instead of a mail-in for shared mailboxes. We’ll provide examples and solutions for those as well. And naturally we’ll explain the new licensing model.
Join HCL Ambassador Marc Thomas in this webinar with a special guest appearance from Franz Walder. It will give you the tools and know-how to stay on top of what is going on with Domino licensing. You will be able lower your cost through an optimized configuration and keep it low going forward.
These topics will be covered
- Reducing license cost by finding and fixing misconfigurations and superfluous accounts
- How do CCB and CCX licenses really work?
- Understanding the DLAU tool and how to best utilize it
- Tips for common problem areas, like team mailboxes, functional/test users, etc
- Practical examples and best practices to implement right away
Freshworks Rethinks NoSQL for Rapid Scaling & Cost-EfficiencyScyllaDB
Freshworks creates AI-boosted business software that helps employees work more efficiently and effectively. Managing data across multiple RDBMS and NoSQL databases was already a challenge at their current scale. To prepare for 10X growth, they knew it was time to rethink their database strategy. Learn how they architected a solution that would simplify scaling while keeping costs under control.
What is an RPA CoE? Session 1 – CoE VisionDianaGray10
In the first session, we will review the organization's vision and how this has an impact on the COE Structure.
Topics covered:
• The role of a steering committee
• How do the organization’s priorities determine CoE Structure?
Speaker:
Chris Bolin, Senior Intelligent Automation Architect Anika Systems
3. 6 May 1856 – 23 September 1939
Sigmund Freud (Sigismund Schlomo
Freud), was an Austrian neurologist
usually credited with creating
psychoanalytic theory and, by
extension, psychiatric therapy.
According to biographer Ernest
Jones, "Freud's Jewishness contributed
greatly to his work and his firm convictions
about his findings. Freud often referred to
his ability to stand alone, if need
be, without wavering or surrendering his
intellectual and scientific discoveries, and
he attributed this ability to his irreligious
but strong Jewish identity in an anti-
Semitic society, whereby he was
accustomed to a marginal status and
being set aside as different.“
Sigmund Freud
4. Freud:
Background
continued…
In 1930, Freud was awarded the
Goethe Prize in recognition of his
contributions to psychology and to
German literary culture.
In January 1933, the Nazis took
control of Germany, and Freud's
books were prominent among
those they burned and destroyed.
Freud quipped: “What progress
we are making. In the Middle
Ages they would have burned
me. Now, they are content with
burning my books.”
In June 1938, Freud and his family
left Vienna, Austria, eventually
settling in London.
5. Today, some people argue that Freud‟s work is
outdated, unscientific, and sexist;
nevertheless, all major subsequent theories
have been based on his
revolutionary, pioneering work:
Freud developed a language that described, a
model that explained, and a theory that
encompassed human psychology. His theories
are directly and indirectly concerned with the
nature of the unconscious mind.
Freud believed that unconscious sexual drives
were the basis for all human behavior, and that
dreams were an important indicator for
understanding human behavior.
6. The Drives
Freud hypothesized two forms of drive
energy:
Libido - sexual/erotic
Thanatos - aggressive/destructive
Freud assumes these are always fused but
not necessarily in the same amounts
Cruelty may have an erotic component
Acts of love may have an aggressive
component
7. Freudian Components of Personality
The Conscious Mind includes that which
we are aware of. This is the aspect of our
mental processing that we can think and
talk about rationally.
The Preconscious Mind is the part of the
mind that represents ordinary memory.
While we are not consciously aware of
this information at any given time, we
can pull it into consciousness when
needed.
The Unconscious Mind is a reservoir of
feelings, thoughts, urges, and memories
that outside of our conscious awareness.
Most of the contents of the unconscious
are unacceptable or unpleasant, such
as feelings of pain, anxiety, or conflict.
According to Freud, the unconscious
continues to influence our behavior and
experience, even though we are
unaware of these underlying influences.
8. The ego Mediates between the id and reality; it maintains
our “self – how we see our “self” and wish others to see it.
The SUPER-EGO is a lot like a conscience – it punishes
misbehavior with feelings of guilt. Since the super-ego is
concerned with societal norms, it stands in opposition to the
id. The development of an individual’s super-ego replaces a
parent’s discipline.
The Three Tiers of Self
The ID seeks pleasure and avoids
pain; we normally associate
inborn instincts (such as the
behaviors of an infant or an
animal) with the id.
The EGO seeks to placate the
id, but in a way that will ensure
long-term benefits (such as trying
to get what the id wants without
breaking laws or social standards).
9. Conflicts between the Id, Superego and
Ego arise in unconscious mind
They come out in various ways
– Slips of tongue (“Freudian slip”)
– Dreams
– Jokes
– Anxiety
– Defense Mechanisms
Conflicts of Personality Components
10. Freudian Slip
A slip of the tongue
in which a word
that the speaker
was subconsciously
thinking about is
substituted for the
one that he or she
meant to say.
"For seven and a half years I've
worked alongside President
Reagan. We've had triumphs.
Made some mistakes. We've
had some sex... uh...
setbacks." -A Freudian slip by
President George H.W. Bush
11. According to Freud, dreams always have a manifest and latent
content. The manifest content is what the dream seems to be saying. It
is often bizarre and nonsensical. The latent content is what the dream is
really trying to say. Dreams give us a look into our unconscious.
A young woman
dreams that
“She is going
through the hall
of her house and
strikes her head
against the low-
hanging
chandelier, so
that her head
bleeds.”
She has no reminiscence to contribute, nothing that
really happened. The information she gives leads in
quite another direction. “You know how badly my hair
is falling out. Mother said to me yesterday, „My child, if
it goes on like this, you will have a head like the cheek
of a buttock.‟” Thus the head here stands for the other
part of the body. We can understand the chandelier
symbolically without other help; all objects that can be
lengthened are symbols of the male organ. Thus the
dream deals with a bleeding at the lower end of the
body, which results from its collision with the male
organ. This might still be ambiguous; her further
associations show that it has to do with her belief that
menstrual bleeding results from sexual intercourse
with a man, a bit of sexual theory believed by many
immature girls.
Dreams
From: Sigmund Freud (1856–1939). A General Introduction to Psychoanalysis.
1920. Part Two: The Dream XII. Analysis of Sample Dreams
12. Freud and Jokes
Jokes, like dreams and slips of the tongue, bear the traces of repressed desires. Sexual and
aggressive thoughts, which are forbidden in polite society, can be shared as if they are not
serious. Humour then becomes a way of rebelling against the demands of social order. As Freud
wrote in a later essay, „humour is not resigned it is rebellious‟ (1927/1990, p.429).
Ridicule: If we break social codes, then we fear that others might laugh at
our infringements, mocking our inappropriate behaviour. Thus, fear of
mockery may be the key means for maintaining social order. Humour, far
from being principally rebellious, also fulfills a deeply conservative function
Hiding Hate: The anti-Semitic mayor of Vienna, Karl Lueger publically
offered ―a good technique for baptising Jews: aspiring converts to
Christianity should be held under water for 10 minutes.‖ Jokes like this
express extreme hostility, but those who enjoy such jokes can excuse them
as ‗just jokes,‘ not thinking of themselves as harbouring murderous
intentions.
Asserting Power: [When the Nazi‘s took over,] a majority of the Christian
population celebrated. Jews were forced to scrub the streets with
toothbrushes. The crowds gathered to laugh at respectable citizens so
demeaned. [. . .] This was not humour as rebellion but the humour of
power.
Meyers, C.S. “Freud and the Language of Humour”
13. Fear of intimacy—the chronic and overpowering feeling that
emotional closeness will seriously hurt or destroy us and that
we can remain emotionally safe only by remaining at an
emotional distance from others at all times. [. . .] Fear of
intimacy can also function as a defense. If this particular
defense occurs frequently or continually, then fear of intimacy
is probably a core issue.
Fear of abandonment—the unshakable belief that our friends
and loved ones are going to desert us (physical abandonment)
or don‘t really care about us (emotional abandonment).
Fear of betrayal—the nagging feeling that our friends and
loved ones can‘t be trusted, for example, can‘t be trusted not to
lie to us, not to laugh at us behind our backs, or in the case of
romantic partners, not to cheat on us by dating others.
Core Anxieties
1
14. Low self-esteem—the belief that we are less worthy than other
people and, therefore, don‘t deserve attention, love, or any other
of life‘s rewards. Indeed, we often believe that we deserve to be
punished by life in some way. Insecure or unstable sense of self—
the inability to sustain a feeling of personal identity, to sustain a
sense of knowing ourselves.
Insecure or unstable sense of self—the inability to sustain a
feeling of personal identity, to sustain a sense of knowing
ourselves. This core issue makes us very vulnerable to the
influence of other people, and we may find ourselves continually
changing the way we look or behave as we become involved with
different individuals or groups.
Oedipal fixation (or oedipal complex)—a dysfunctional bond
with a parent of the opposite sex that we don‘t outgrow in
adulthood and that doesn‘t allow us to develop mature
relationships with our peers. (Tyson 26–27)
Core Issues
2
16. McLeod, S. A. (2009). Defense Mechanisms. Retrieved from http://www.simplypsychology.org/defense-mechanisms.html
17. Other Influential Psychoanalytic Theorists
Carl Jung: Jungian criticism attempts to explore the connection between literature
and what Carl Jung (a student of Freud) called the “collective unconscious” of the
human race: "...racial memory, through which the spirit of the whole human
species manifests itself" (Richter 504). Jungian criticism, closely related to
Freudian theory because of its connection to psychoanalysis, assumes that all
stories and symbols are based on mythic models from mankind‟s past.
Jacques Lacan: a post-Freudian psychoanalytic theorist, focused on language
and language-related issues. Lacan treats the unconscious as a language;
consequently, he views the dream not as Freud did (that is, as a form and
symptom of repression) but rather as a form of discourse.
Julie Kristeva: Her interest in psychoanalysis was also inspired by Jacques
Lacan's re-interpretation of Freud, although Kristeva has also carefully
distinguished her own ideas from those of Lacan. Kristeva was particularly critical
of what she saw as an inherent misogyny in Lacan's and Freud's theories; her own
system of thinking therefore attempts to rethink sexual development in such a way
as to value the importance of the feminine. For this reason, she has been
especially influential on theories of gender and sex.
19. What does Tyson Tell us about
Psychoanalytical Theory
Psychoanalytic concepts have become part of our
everyday lives, and therefore psychoanalytic thinking
should have the advantage of familiarity.
Most of us have acquired a very simplistic idea of what
these concepts mean, and in their clichéd form they
seem rather superficial if not altogether meaningless.
We fear that psychoanalysis wants to invade our most
private being and reveal us to ourselves and to the
world as somehow inadequate, even sick, and the
result is very often a deep-seated mistrust of
“psychobabble.”
20. If we take the time to understand some key
concepts about human experience offered by
psychoanalysis, we can begin to see the
ways in which these concepts operate in
our daily lives in profound rather than
superficial ways, and we’ll begin to
understand human behaviors that until now
may have seemed utterly baffling. And, of
course, if psychoanalysis can help us better
understand human behavior, then it must
certainly be able to help us understand literary
texts, which are about human behavior.
Tyson on Psychoanalytic Criticism
21. Adopts the methods of "reading" employed by Freud and later
theorists to interpret texts. It argues that literary texts, like
dreams, express the secret unconscious desires and
anxieties of the author, that a literary work is a manifestation
of the author's own neuroses. It approaches an author’s work as
a kind of textual “talk therapy.”
One may psychoanalyze a particular character within a literary
work, but it is usually assumed that all such characters are
projections of the author's psyche.
Like psychoanalysis itself, this critical endeavor seeks evidence
of unresolved emotions, psychological
conflicts, guilt, ambivalences, and so forth within the author’s
literary work. The author's own childhood traumas, family
life, sexual conflicts, fixations, and such will be traceable within
the behavior of the characters in the literary work.
Psychoanalytic Literary Criticism
22. the author: the theory is used to analyze the author
and his/her life, and the literary work is seen to
supply evidence for this analysis. This is often called
"psychobiography."
the characters: the theory is used to analyze one or
more of the characters; the psychological theory
becomes a tool that to explain the characters’
behavior and motivations. The more closely the
theory seems to apply to the characters, the more
realistic the work appears.
the audience: the theory is used to explain the
appeal of the work for those who read it; the work is
seen to embody universal human psychological
processes and motivations, to which the readers
respond more or less unconsciously.
the text: the theory is used to analyze the role of
language and symbolism in the work.
Psychoanalytic literary criticism is often
extended to one or more of the following:
23. Discussion Questions
Post #11: What is the
purpose of psychoanalytical
criticism?
My question is, then, is
Psychoanalytic an intrinsic or
extrinsic theory? (I could see
an argument for either
position)
24. QHQ’s
Q: If characters in a work of literature are an unconscious
extension of the author, to what extent can we judge
what is unconsciously an extension of the author and
what the author developed purposely or consciously?
For a deeper understanding of the psyche of oneself and
characters within a text, how does Psychoanalytic
Criticism lend a thorough insight into the understanding of
human experience?
Q: Does uncovering repressed painful memories and
emotions ultimately strengthen or impair the ways we
perceive literature?
25. Homework
Read: Bishop’s “The Fish”
Read: Elizabeth Bishop’s “The Fish”: A Psychoanalytic
Reading
Post #12: Identify and discuss qualities of psychoanalytic
criticism as it is applied in this essay. Provide specific
examples from the essay, the poem, or the
definition/description of Psychoanalytic Criticism.