SlideShare a Scribd company logo
PSYCHOLOGY 
Katherine P. Minter • William J. Elmhorst 
• • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • 
Copyright © Pearson Education 2012
Copyright © 
Pearson Education 2012 
Links to Learning Objectives 
29.1 What is the psychodynamic theory of 
personality? 
29.2 How do behaviorists and social cognitive 
theorists explain personality? 
29.3 How do humanistic psychologists explain 
personality? 
29.4 What are historical and current views of the trait 
perspective? 
30.1 What techniques do researchers use to measure 
personality? Are these techniques reliable and 
valid?
Theories of 
Personality
29.1 What is the psychodynamic theory of personality? 
Copyright © 
Pearson Education 2012 
Unique 
and 
stable 
ways 
people 
think, 
feel, 
and 
behave ersonality
Copyright © 
Pearson Education 2012 
Theories of Personality 
Character Temperament 
Value judgments of 
morality and ethics 
Enduring 
characteristics each 
person is born with
Copyright © 
Pearson Education 2012 
Four Main Perspectives 
Psychodynamic 
Behavioral 
Humanistic 
Trait
The Man and the 
Couch: Sigmund 
Freud and the 
Psychodynamic 
Perspective
Copyright © 
Pearson Education 2012 
Freud and Psychoanalysis 
Sigmund Freud 
• Founder, psychoanalytic 
movement 
• Cultural background 
– Victorian era 
• Sexual repression, sex for 
procreation, mistresses satisfied 
men’s “uncontrollable” sexual 
desires
Copyright © 
Pearson Education 2012 
Freud’s Conception of the Personality 
ID 
Superego 
Ego 
Conscious: Contact with 
outside world 
Preconscious: Material 
just beneath the surface of 
awareness 
Unconscious: Difficult to 
retrieve material; well below 
the surface of awareness
Copyright © 
The three parts of the personality are the id, 
ego, and superego: 
Pearson Education 2012 
The id works on the pleasure principle 
The ego works on the reality principle. 
The superego is the moral center of personality, 
containing the conscience, and is the source of 
moral anxiety.
Copyright © 
Pearson Education 2012 
The Psychological Defense Mechanisms 
Psychological defense 
mechanisms: 
Unconscious distortions of a 
person’s perception of 
reality that reduce stress 
and anxiety
Copyright © 
Pearson Education 2012
Copyright © 
Pearson Education 2012 
Defense Mechanisms in Movie Clips
Copyright © 
Pearson Education 2012 
Stages of Personality Development 
• Fixation: Unresolved 
psychosexual stage conflict 
– “Stuck” in stage of 
development 
• Psychosexual stages: 
– Five stages of personality 
– Tied to sexual development
Copyright © 
Pearson Education 2012 
Stages of Personality Development 
First stage, first year 
Mouth = erogenous zone 
Weaning is primary 
conflict 
Age 6 to puberty 
Sexual feelings 
repressed, same-sex 
play, social skills 
3 to 6 years 
Superego develops 
Sexual feelings 
Oedipus complex 
1 to 3 years 
Ego develops 
Toilet training conflict 
Expulsive vs. retentive 
personalities 
Puberty 
Sexual feelings 
consciously expressed 
LATENCY 
STAGE 
ANAL 
STAGE 
GENITAL 
STAGE 
ORAL 
STAGE 
PHALLIC 
STAGE 
FREUD’S 
PSYCHOSEXUAL 
STAGES
Copyright © 
Pearson Education 2012 
Freud’s Psychosexual Stages
Copyright © 
Pearson Education 2012 
Summary of Freud’s Psychoanalytic Theory of 
Personal Development
Copyright © 
Pearson Education 2012 
Neo-Freudians 
The Neo-Freudians 
Developed competing psychoanalysis 
theories 
• Jung: Personal and collective unconscious, 
archetypes 
• Adler: Inferiority and compensation, 
birth-order theory 
• Horney: Basic anxiety and neurotic 
personalities 
• Erikson: Social relationships across the 
lifespan
Copyright © 
Pearson Education 2012 
Modern Psychoanalytic Theory 
Current research has found support for: 
• Defense mechanisms 
• Concept of an unconscious mind that can 
influence conscious behavior 
Other concepts cannot be scientifically 
researched.
Copyright © 
Pearson Education 2012 
Healthy and Unhealthy Defense Mechanisms
The Behaviorist 
and Social 
Cognitive View 
of Personality
Copyright © 
Pearson Education 2011 
The Behaviorist and Social Cognitive 
View of Personality 
29.2 How do behaviorists and social cognitive theories explain personality? 
Behaviorists define personality 
as a set of learned responses 
or habits. 
Social cognitive theorists 
emphasize the importance 
of others’ behaviors and 
one’s own expectations.
Copyright © 
Pearson Education 2011 
Bandura’s Reciprocal Determinism 
and Self-Efficacy 
Reciprocal Determinism: 
Environment, characteristics 
of the person, and behavior 
itself all interact 
Self-efficacy: 
Perception of one’s 
competence in a certain 
circumstance
Copyright © 
Pearson Education 2012 
Rotter’s Social Learning Theory: Expectancies 
Personality is set 
of potential 
responses to 
various situations, 
including: 
• Locus of control 
• Sense of 
expectancy
The Third Force: 
Humanism and 
Personality
Copyright © 
Pearson Education 2012 
The Third Force: Humanism and Personality 
29.3 How do humanistic psychologists explain personality? 
Humanistic view: 
Focuses on traits that 
make people uniquely 
human 
• Reaction against 
negativity of 
psychoanalysis and 
behavioral determinism
Copyright © 
Pearson Education 2012 
Carl Rogers and Self-Concept 
Striving to fulfill 
innate capabilities 
Image of oneself that 
develops from 
interactions with 
significant people in 
one’s life
Copyright © 
Pearson Education 2012 
Carl Rogers and Self-Concept 
Real self: One’s perception of actual 
characteristics, traits, and abilities 
Ideal self: What one should or would like to be 
IDEAL 
SELF 
REAL 
SELF 
Match = Harmony 
IDEAL 
SELF 
REAL 
SELF 
Mismatch = Anxiety
Copyright © 
Pearson Education 2012 
Unconditional 
positive regard: 
Positive 
regard that is 
given without 
conditions or 
strings 
attached 
Carl Rogers and Self-Concept 
Conditional 
positive regard: 
Positive regard 
that is given only 
when the person 
is doing what the 
providers of 
positive regard 
wish
Copyright © 
Pearson Education 2012 
Personality Theories
Trait Theories: 
Who Are You?
Copyright © 
r a i t 
Pearson Education 2012 
Consistent, 
enduring way of 
thinking, feeling, 
or behaving
Copyright © 
Pearson Education 2012 
Trait Theories of Personality 
29.4 What are historical and current views of the trait perspective? 
Allport: Listed 200 traits and 
believed traits were part of 
nervous system 
Cattell: Reduced number of 
traits to between 16 and 23 
with computer method called 
factor analysis
Copyright © 
Pearson Education 2012 
Click here to watch classic 
footage of Gordon Allport 
discussing personality traits 
on mypsychlab.com.
Copyright © 
Pearson Education 2012 
Trait Theories of Personality 
Source traits: 
More basic traits 
forming core of 
personality 
• Example: 
Introversion is 
source trait in which 
people withdraw 
Surface traits: 
Can be seen by other 
people in the outward 
actions of a person
Copyright © 
Pearson Education 2012 
Cattell’s Self-Report Inventory 
Source: Cattell (1973)
Copyright © 
Pearson Education 2012 
The Big Five 
Conscientiousness 
Extraversion 
Neuroticism 
Agreeableness 
Openness 
1 
2 
3 
4 
5
Copyright © 
Pearson Education 2012 
The Big 5 Personality Traits
Copyright © 
Pearson Education 2012 
The Big Five
Assessment 
of Personality
Copyright © 
Pearson Education 2012 
Who Uses Which Method? 
30.1 What techniques do researchers use to measure personality? Are these 
Eclectic 
Assessment 
techniques reliable and valid?
Copyright © 
Pearson Education 2012 
Who Uses Which Method?
Copyright © 
Pearson Education 2012 
Interviews 
Interview: 
Professional 
asks questions 
of client, 
structured or 
unstructured 
Halo effect: 
Allowing client’s 
positive traits to 
influence assessment 
of client
Copyright © 
Pearson Education 2012 
Projective Tests 
• Projection: Projecting one’s 
unacceptable thoughts or 
impulses onto others 
• Projective tests: Ambiguous 
visual stimuli presented to 
client who responds with 
whatever comes to mind 
– Rorschach inkblot test: 10 
inkblots as ambiguous stimuli 
– Thematic Apperception Test 
(TAT): 20 pictures of people in 
ambiguous situations 
• Subjectivity problems with 
projective tests
Copyright © 
Pearson Education 2012 
Behavioral Assessments 
Direct observation: 
Professional observes 
client; clinical or 
natural settings 
• Rating scale: 
Numeric value 
assigned to specific 
behavior 
• Frequency count: 
Frequency of 
behaviors is counted 
Problems: 
• Observer 
effects/bias 
• Lack of control
Copyright © 
Pearson Education 2012 
Personality Inventories 
Personality inventory: Questionnaire with 
standard list of questions 
• Response format: Yes, no, can’t decide, etc. 
• Include validity scales to prevent cheating, 
but such measures are not perfect 
NEO-PI: 
Based on the five-factor 
model 
Myers-Briggs 
Type Indicator: 
Based on Jung’s 
theory of 
personality types 
MMPI-2: 
Designed to detect 
abnormal 
personality
Applying 
Psychology to 
Everyday Life: 
The Biological 
Basis of the 
Big Five
Copyright © 
Pearson Education 2011 
The Biological Basis of the Big Five 
• Personality neuroscience is 
a growing area of research. 
• Brain structure differences 
associated with some 
aspects of the Big Five 
dimensions of personality 
have been identified using 
structural MRI.
Acknowledgements
Cicc 3e Slide # Image Description Image Source 
chapter template AAJRFMQ0Young man text messaging, studio shot Reggie Casagrande / Digital Vision / Getty Images 
chapter template AAJRFMX0Studio portrait of woman in checkered dress Margo Silver / Riser / Getty Images 
chapter template AAJRFNE0Woman thinking Hill Creek Pictures / UpperCut Images / Getty Images 
chapter template AAIHKVU0Different door keys on key ring. Emilio Simion/PhotoDisc/Getty Images 
chapter template AAIHKVV0Stack of chairs falling over. Riko Pictures/Digital Vision/Getty Images, Inc. 
chapter template AAIHKVW0Tangled folding ruler, closep-up. ColorBlind Images/Iconica/Getty Images, Inc. 
4 joy ©istockphoto.com/Marianna Bettini 
8 iceberg ©istockphoto.com/Paul Kline Photography 
9 waves ©istockphoto.com/ Jamie Farrant 
9 iceberg (psychodynamic) ©istockphoto.com/Paul Kline Photography 
10 refusing to face something ©istockphoto.com/bibikoff 
10 covering ears ©istockphoto.com/Yougen 
11 Table 13.1 Ciccarelli, Psychology, 3/e, p. 498 
12 hand with cigarette ©istockphoto.com/RusN 
14 Table 13.2 Ciccarelli, Psychology, 3/e, p. 501 
15 iceberg (psychodynamic) ©istockphoto.com/Paul Kline Photography 
16 iceberg (psychodynamic) ©istockphoto.com/Paul Kline Photography 
18 children holding A papers ©istockphoto.com/iofoto 
18 DNA ©istockphoto.com/HooRoo Graphics 
19 meditation in busy street ©istockphoto.com/Chris Schmidt 
19 Figure 13.2 Ciccarelli, Psychology, 3/e, p. 506 
20 hand holding trophy ©istockphoto.com/PLAINVIEW 
22 top of the mountain ©istockphoto.com/Vernon Wiley 
23 top of the mountain ©istockphoto.com/Vernon Wiley 
24 Based on Figure 13.3 Ciccarelli, Psychology, 3/e, p. 508 
25 rose (humanism) ©istockphoto.com/Piotr Skubisz 
27 apples & oranges (traits) ©istockphoto.com/Alexey Bushtruk 
28 apples & oranges (traits) ©istockphoto.com/Alexey Bushtruk 
29 laptop ©istockphoto.com/CostinT
29 spring for multimedia template istockphoto©Pei Ling Hoo 
31 apples & oranges (traits) ©istockphoto.com/Alexey Bushtruk 
31 Figure 13.4 Ciccarelli, Psychology, 3/e, p. 511 
32 5 paint cans ©istockphoto.com/Amanda Rohde 
33 apples & oranges (traits) ©istockphoto.com/Alexey Bushtruk 
33 Table 13.3 Ciccarelli, Psychology, 3/e, p. 511 
37 interview ©istockphoto.com/peepo 
28 Rorschach test ©istockphoto.com/Erik van Hannen 
39 woman observing & taking notes ©istockphoto.com/Claudio Arnese 
42s brain ©istockphoto.com/Stephen Kirklys
Copyright © 
Pearson Education 2012 
What FB says About You

More Related Content

What's hot

Ob ppt-personality-henry-ford-case-f-g-section-8-9-aug
Ob ppt-personality-henry-ford-case-f-g-section-8-9-augOb ppt-personality-henry-ford-case-f-g-section-8-9-aug
Ob ppt-personality-henry-ford-case-f-g-section-8-9-augPooja Sakhla
 
Hjw & aah chapter 1 slides shared
Hjw & aah chapter 1 slides sharedHjw & aah chapter 1 slides shared
Hjw & aah chapter 1 slides sharedHayley Wechsler
 
King1 Ppt Ch01 3
King1 Ppt Ch01 3King1 Ppt Ch01 3
King1 Ppt Ch01 3clyoungsey
 
Topic 4 theory chapter4
Topic 4 theory chapter4Topic 4 theory chapter4
Topic 4 theory chapter4
scorpiolky
 
Rational Emotive Behavior Therapy
Rational Emotive Behavior TherapyRational Emotive Behavior Therapy
Rational Emotive Behavior Therapy
Cristina Santos
 
An Overview: Adlerian Therapy
An Overview: Adlerian TherapyAn Overview: Adlerian Therapy
An Overview: Adlerian Therapy
Quest Coaching
 
Unit 1 Psychology: Foundations and Methods
Unit 1 Psychology: Foundations and MethodsUnit 1 Psychology: Foundations and Methods
Unit 1 Psychology: Foundations and Methods
MrTimBradley
 
Counseling theories-Addiction Counselor Exam Review
Counseling theories-Addiction Counselor Exam ReviewCounseling theories-Addiction Counselor Exam Review
Counseling theories-Addiction Counselor Exam Review
Dr. DawnElise Snipes ★AllCEUs★ Unlimited Counselor Training
 
Just ethics
Just ethicsJust ethics
Just ethics
John Gavazzi
 
Advanced Social Psychology for IGNOU students
Advanced Social Psychology for IGNOU studentsAdvanced Social Psychology for IGNOU students
Advanced Social Psychology for IGNOU students
PsychoTech Services
 
Presentation on personality and its impact on behavior
Presentation on personality and its impact on behaviorPresentation on personality and its impact on behavior
Presentation on personality and its impact on behavior
Abhisek Khatua
 
Intro to theories
Intro to theoriesIntro to theories
Intro to theories
catherinelamb
 
Personality and Attitudes
Personality and AttitudesPersonality and Attitudes
Personality and Attitudes
ISAAC Jayant
 
Values and ethics
Values and ethicsValues and ethics
Values and ethics
msmooney
 
Social Media, Ethics and Professional Education
Social Media, Ethics and Professional EducationSocial Media, Ethics and Professional Education
Social Media, Ethics and Professional Education
John Gavazzi
 

What's hot (20)

Ob ppt-personality-henry-ford-case-f-g-section-8-9-aug
Ob ppt-personality-henry-ford-case-f-g-section-8-9-augOb ppt-personality-henry-ford-case-f-g-section-8-9-aug
Ob ppt-personality-henry-ford-case-f-g-section-8-9-aug
 
Hjw & aah chapter 1 slides shared
Hjw & aah chapter 1 slides sharedHjw & aah chapter 1 slides shared
Hjw & aah chapter 1 slides shared
 
Chapter 11
Chapter 11Chapter 11
Chapter 11
 
King1 Ppt Ch01 3
King1 Ppt Ch01 3King1 Ppt Ch01 3
King1 Ppt Ch01 3
 
Adlerian Theory
Adlerian TheoryAdlerian Theory
Adlerian Theory
 
Topic 4 theory chapter4
Topic 4 theory chapter4Topic 4 theory chapter4
Topic 4 theory chapter4
 
Rational Emotive Behavior Therapy
Rational Emotive Behavior TherapyRational Emotive Behavior Therapy
Rational Emotive Behavior Therapy
 
An Overview: Adlerian Therapy
An Overview: Adlerian TherapyAn Overview: Adlerian Therapy
An Overview: Adlerian Therapy
 
Unit 1 Psychology: Foundations and Methods
Unit 1 Psychology: Foundations and MethodsUnit 1 Psychology: Foundations and Methods
Unit 1 Psychology: Foundations and Methods
 
Counseling theories
Counseling theoriesCounseling theories
Counseling theories
 
Counseling theories-Addiction Counselor Exam Review
Counseling theories-Addiction Counselor Exam ReviewCounseling theories-Addiction Counselor Exam Review
Counseling theories-Addiction Counselor Exam Review
 
Just ethics
Just ethicsJust ethics
Just ethics
 
Advanced Social Psychology for IGNOU students
Advanced Social Psychology for IGNOU studentsAdvanced Social Psychology for IGNOU students
Advanced Social Psychology for IGNOU students
 
Presentation on personality and its impact on behavior
Presentation on personality and its impact on behaviorPresentation on personality and its impact on behavior
Presentation on personality and its impact on behavior
 
Morality as social understanding
Morality as social understandingMorality as social understanding
Morality as social understanding
 
Intro to theories
Intro to theoriesIntro to theories
Intro to theories
 
Personality and Attitudes
Personality and AttitudesPersonality and Attitudes
Personality and Attitudes
 
Values and ethics
Values and ethicsValues and ethics
Values and ethics
 
Social Media, Ethics and Professional Education
Social Media, Ethics and Professional EducationSocial Media, Ethics and Professional Education
Social Media, Ethics and Professional Education
 
Rape slide by nbd 1.5.2013
Rape slide by nbd 1.5.2013Rape slide by nbd 1.5.2013
Rape slide by nbd 1.5.2013
 

Similar to Psych ch12-personality

Introduction to Organization Behavior
Introduction to Organization BehaviorIntroduction to Organization Behavior
Introduction to Organization Behavior
Dr. Jerry John
 
Developmental Psychology Theoretical Perspectives (Feldman 4e)
Developmental Psychology Theoretical Perspectives (Feldman 4e)Developmental Psychology Theoretical Perspectives (Feldman 4e)
Developmental Psychology Theoretical Perspectives (Feldman 4e)
SonyaLandasPhD
 
Individual behaviour-Organisational Behaviour
Individual behaviour-Organisational BehaviourIndividual behaviour-Organisational Behaviour
Individual behaviour-Organisational Behaviour
Rahul Mahida
 
Developmental Psychology Theoretical Perspectives (Feldman 8e)
Developmental Psychology Theoretical Perspectives (Feldman 8e)Developmental Psychology Theoretical Perspectives (Feldman 8e)
Developmental Psychology Theoretical Perspectives (Feldman 8e)
SonyaLandasPhD
 
Psychometric testingpvl
Psychometric testingpvlPsychometric testingpvl
Psychometric testingpvl
sirishareddy
 
Personality (2) 1-1
Personality (2) 1-1Personality (2) 1-1
Personality (2) 1-1
Rajni Singh
 
Child psychology khush
Child psychology khushChild psychology khush
Child psychology khush
Dr. Khushbu Agrawal
 
applications of personality theories.pptx
applications of personality theories.pptxapplications of personality theories.pptx
applications of personality theories.pptx
SandhiyaK11
 
Theories of Career Development
Theories of Career DevelopmentTheories of Career Development
Theories of Career Development
MJezza Ledesma
 
Personality
PersonalityPersonality
Personality
Meghan Fraley
 
Lifespan Psychology Power Point Lecture, Chapter 1, Module 1.1
Lifespan Psychology   Power Point Lecture, Chapter 1, Module 1.1Lifespan Psychology   Power Point Lecture, Chapter 1, Module 1.1
Lifespan Psychology Power Point Lecture, Chapter 1, Module 1.1kclancy
 
Personality & Culture.pptx
Personality & Culture.pptxPersonality & Culture.pptx
Personality & Culture.pptx
raralee3
 
Psych ch13-psychlogicaldisorderswvideos
Psych ch13-psychlogicaldisorderswvideosPsych ch13-psychlogicaldisorderswvideos
Psych ch13-psychlogicaldisorderswvideos
jmclaugh813
 
Personality
PersonalityPersonality
Personality
Priyanka Roy
 
PSY 239 401 Chapter 1 SLIDES
PSY 239 401 Chapter 1 SLIDESPSY 239 401 Chapter 1 SLIDES
PSY 239 401 Chapter 1 SLIDESkimappel
 
Defining and understanding personality
Defining and understanding personality Defining and understanding personality
Defining and understanding personality
Self Employed at a Clinic
 
personality and consumer behavir
personality and consumer behavirpersonality and consumer behavir
personality and consumer behavirshahabuddinnawab
 
PY 305 – History and Systems Concept Check – Section 4
PY 305 – History and Systems Concept Check – Section 4 PY 305 – History and Systems Concept Check – Section 4
PY 305 – History and Systems Concept Check – Section 4
AlleneMcclendon878
 
Human Personality
Human PersonalityHuman Personality
Human Personality
Simba Bvundura
 

Similar to Psych ch12-personality (20)

Personality
PersonalityPersonality
Personality
 
Introduction to Organization Behavior
Introduction to Organization BehaviorIntroduction to Organization Behavior
Introduction to Organization Behavior
 
Developmental Psychology Theoretical Perspectives (Feldman 4e)
Developmental Psychology Theoretical Perspectives (Feldman 4e)Developmental Psychology Theoretical Perspectives (Feldman 4e)
Developmental Psychology Theoretical Perspectives (Feldman 4e)
 
Individual behaviour-Organisational Behaviour
Individual behaviour-Organisational BehaviourIndividual behaviour-Organisational Behaviour
Individual behaviour-Organisational Behaviour
 
Developmental Psychology Theoretical Perspectives (Feldman 8e)
Developmental Psychology Theoretical Perspectives (Feldman 8e)Developmental Psychology Theoretical Perspectives (Feldman 8e)
Developmental Psychology Theoretical Perspectives (Feldman 8e)
 
Psychometric testingpvl
Psychometric testingpvlPsychometric testingpvl
Psychometric testingpvl
 
Personality (2) 1-1
Personality (2) 1-1Personality (2) 1-1
Personality (2) 1-1
 
Child psychology khush
Child psychology khushChild psychology khush
Child psychology khush
 
applications of personality theories.pptx
applications of personality theories.pptxapplications of personality theories.pptx
applications of personality theories.pptx
 
Theories of Career Development
Theories of Career DevelopmentTheories of Career Development
Theories of Career Development
 
Personality
PersonalityPersonality
Personality
 
Lifespan Psychology Power Point Lecture, Chapter 1, Module 1.1
Lifespan Psychology   Power Point Lecture, Chapter 1, Module 1.1Lifespan Psychology   Power Point Lecture, Chapter 1, Module 1.1
Lifespan Psychology Power Point Lecture, Chapter 1, Module 1.1
 
Personality & Culture.pptx
Personality & Culture.pptxPersonality & Culture.pptx
Personality & Culture.pptx
 
Psych ch13-psychlogicaldisorderswvideos
Psych ch13-psychlogicaldisorderswvideosPsych ch13-psychlogicaldisorderswvideos
Psych ch13-psychlogicaldisorderswvideos
 
Personality
PersonalityPersonality
Personality
 
PSY 239 401 Chapter 1 SLIDES
PSY 239 401 Chapter 1 SLIDESPSY 239 401 Chapter 1 SLIDES
PSY 239 401 Chapter 1 SLIDES
 
Defining and understanding personality
Defining and understanding personality Defining and understanding personality
Defining and understanding personality
 
personality and consumer behavir
personality and consumer behavirpersonality and consumer behavir
personality and consumer behavir
 
PY 305 – History and Systems Concept Check – Section 4
PY 305 – History and Systems Concept Check – Section 4 PY 305 – History and Systems Concept Check – Section 4
PY 305 – History and Systems Concept Check – Section 4
 
Human Personality
Human PersonalityHuman Personality
Human Personality
 

More from jmclaugh813

Unit 1 Jeopardy
Unit 1 JeopardyUnit 1 Jeopardy
Unit 1 Jeopardy
jmclaugh813
 
jeo consciousness
jeo consciousnessjeo consciousness
jeo consciousness
jmclaugh813
 
Jeopardy learning
Jeopardy learningJeopardy learning
Jeopardy learning
jmclaugh813
 
History and perspectives jeopardy
History and perspectives jeopardyHistory and perspectives jeopardy
History and perspectives jeopardy
jmclaugh813
 
Review game
Review gameReview game
Review game
jmclaugh813
 
Q3 benchmark review 2016
Q3 benchmark review 2016Q3 benchmark review 2016
Q3 benchmark review 2016
jmclaugh813
 
Ap psych dreams
Ap psych dreamsAp psych dreams
Ap psych dreams
jmclaugh813
 
Q1 benchmarkreview
Q1 benchmarkreviewQ1 benchmarkreview
Q1 benchmarkreview
jmclaugh813
 
Psych II examreviewslideshare
Psych II examreviewslidesharePsych II examreviewslideshare
Psych II examreviewslideshare
jmclaugh813
 
Multiple intelligences
Multiple intelligencesMultiple intelligences
Multiple intelligences
jmclaugh813
 
Psych ch4-day1 notes
Psych ch4-day1 notesPsych ch4-day1 notes
Psych ch4-day1 notes
jmclaugh813
 
Ap abnormal jeopardynewslideshare
Ap abnormal jeopardynewslideshareAp abnormal jeopardynewslideshare
Ap abnormal jeopardynewslideshare
jmclaugh813
 
Disorders jeopardy
Disorders jeopardyDisorders jeopardy
Disorders jeopardy
jmclaugh813
 
Psych ch3-chemicalsensesslides
Psych ch3-chemicalsensesslidesPsych ch3-chemicalsensesslides
Psych ch3-chemicalsensesslides
jmclaugh813
 
Ap anxiety disordersslideshare
Ap anxiety disordersslideshareAp anxiety disordersslideshare
Ap anxiety disordersslideshare
jmclaugh813
 
Q3 benchmark review 2016
Q3 benchmark review 2016Q3 benchmark review 2016
Q3 benchmark review 2016
jmclaugh813
 
Brain view copy
Brain view copyBrain view copy
Brain view copy
jmclaugh813
 
Multiple intelligencetestandreflectionslideshare
Multiple intelligencetestandreflectionslideshareMultiple intelligencetestandreflectionslideshare
Multiple intelligencetestandreflectionslideshare
jmclaugh813
 
Midterm review 2014 2015
Midterm review 2014 2015Midterm review 2014 2015
Midterm review 2014 2015
jmclaugh813
 
Ap drugs slideshare
Ap drugs slideshareAp drugs slideshare
Ap drugs slideshare
jmclaugh813
 

More from jmclaugh813 (20)

Unit 1 Jeopardy
Unit 1 JeopardyUnit 1 Jeopardy
Unit 1 Jeopardy
 
jeo consciousness
jeo consciousnessjeo consciousness
jeo consciousness
 
Jeopardy learning
Jeopardy learningJeopardy learning
Jeopardy learning
 
History and perspectives jeopardy
History and perspectives jeopardyHistory and perspectives jeopardy
History and perspectives jeopardy
 
Review game
Review gameReview game
Review game
 
Q3 benchmark review 2016
Q3 benchmark review 2016Q3 benchmark review 2016
Q3 benchmark review 2016
 
Ap psych dreams
Ap psych dreamsAp psych dreams
Ap psych dreams
 
Q1 benchmarkreview
Q1 benchmarkreviewQ1 benchmarkreview
Q1 benchmarkreview
 
Psych II examreviewslideshare
Psych II examreviewslidesharePsych II examreviewslideshare
Psych II examreviewslideshare
 
Multiple intelligences
Multiple intelligencesMultiple intelligences
Multiple intelligences
 
Psych ch4-day1 notes
Psych ch4-day1 notesPsych ch4-day1 notes
Psych ch4-day1 notes
 
Ap abnormal jeopardynewslideshare
Ap abnormal jeopardynewslideshareAp abnormal jeopardynewslideshare
Ap abnormal jeopardynewslideshare
 
Disorders jeopardy
Disorders jeopardyDisorders jeopardy
Disorders jeopardy
 
Psych ch3-chemicalsensesslides
Psych ch3-chemicalsensesslidesPsych ch3-chemicalsensesslides
Psych ch3-chemicalsensesslides
 
Ap anxiety disordersslideshare
Ap anxiety disordersslideshareAp anxiety disordersslideshare
Ap anxiety disordersslideshare
 
Q3 benchmark review 2016
Q3 benchmark review 2016Q3 benchmark review 2016
Q3 benchmark review 2016
 
Brain view copy
Brain view copyBrain view copy
Brain view copy
 
Multiple intelligencetestandreflectionslideshare
Multiple intelligencetestandreflectionslideshareMultiple intelligencetestandreflectionslideshare
Multiple intelligencetestandreflectionslideshare
 
Midterm review 2014 2015
Midterm review 2014 2015Midterm review 2014 2015
Midterm review 2014 2015
 
Ap drugs slideshare
Ap drugs slideshareAp drugs slideshare
Ap drugs slideshare
 

Recently uploaded

Phrasal Verbs.XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX
Phrasal Verbs.XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXPhrasal Verbs.XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX
Phrasal Verbs.XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX
MIRIAMSALINAS13
 
The Accursed House by Émile Gaboriau.pptx
The Accursed House by Émile Gaboriau.pptxThe Accursed House by Émile Gaboriau.pptx
The Accursed House by Émile Gaboriau.pptx
DhatriParmar
 
Supporting (UKRI) OA monographs at Salford.pptx
Supporting (UKRI) OA monographs at Salford.pptxSupporting (UKRI) OA monographs at Salford.pptx
Supporting (UKRI) OA monographs at Salford.pptx
Jisc
 
Francesca Gottschalk - How can education support child empowerment.pptx
Francesca Gottschalk - How can education support child empowerment.pptxFrancesca Gottschalk - How can education support child empowerment.pptx
Francesca Gottschalk - How can education support child empowerment.pptx
EduSkills OECD
 
June 3, 2024 Anti-Semitism Letter Sent to MIT President Kornbluth and MIT Cor...
June 3, 2024 Anti-Semitism Letter Sent to MIT President Kornbluth and MIT Cor...June 3, 2024 Anti-Semitism Letter Sent to MIT President Kornbluth and MIT Cor...
June 3, 2024 Anti-Semitism Letter Sent to MIT President Kornbluth and MIT Cor...
Levi Shapiro
 
Overview on Edible Vaccine: Pros & Cons with Mechanism
Overview on Edible Vaccine: Pros & Cons with MechanismOverview on Edible Vaccine: Pros & Cons with Mechanism
Overview on Edible Vaccine: Pros & Cons with Mechanism
DeeptiGupta154
 
BÀI TẬP BỔ TRỢ TIẾNG ANH GLOBAL SUCCESS LỚP 3 - CẢ NĂM (CÓ FILE NGHE VÀ ĐÁP Á...
BÀI TẬP BỔ TRỢ TIẾNG ANH GLOBAL SUCCESS LỚP 3 - CẢ NĂM (CÓ FILE NGHE VÀ ĐÁP Á...BÀI TẬP BỔ TRỢ TIẾNG ANH GLOBAL SUCCESS LỚP 3 - CẢ NĂM (CÓ FILE NGHE VÀ ĐÁP Á...
BÀI TẬP BỔ TRỢ TIẾNG ANH GLOBAL SUCCESS LỚP 3 - CẢ NĂM (CÓ FILE NGHE VÀ ĐÁP Á...
Nguyen Thanh Tu Collection
 
Welcome to TechSoup New Member Orientation and Q&A (May 2024).pdf
Welcome to TechSoup   New Member Orientation and Q&A (May 2024).pdfWelcome to TechSoup   New Member Orientation and Q&A (May 2024).pdf
Welcome to TechSoup New Member Orientation and Q&A (May 2024).pdf
TechSoup
 
Palestine last event orientationfvgnh .pptx
Palestine last event orientationfvgnh .pptxPalestine last event orientationfvgnh .pptx
Palestine last event orientationfvgnh .pptx
RaedMohamed3
 
"Protectable subject matters, Protection in biotechnology, Protection of othe...
"Protectable subject matters, Protection in biotechnology, Protection of othe..."Protectable subject matters, Protection in biotechnology, Protection of othe...
"Protectable subject matters, Protection in biotechnology, Protection of othe...
SACHIN R KONDAGURI
 
2024.06.01 Introducing a competency framework for languag learning materials ...
2024.06.01 Introducing a competency framework for languag learning materials ...2024.06.01 Introducing a competency framework for languag learning materials ...
2024.06.01 Introducing a competency framework for languag learning materials ...
Sandy Millin
 
aaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaa
aaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaa
aaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaa
siemaillard
 
CLASS 11 CBSE B.St Project AIDS TO TRADE - INSURANCE
CLASS 11 CBSE B.St Project AIDS TO TRADE - INSURANCECLASS 11 CBSE B.St Project AIDS TO TRADE - INSURANCE
CLASS 11 CBSE B.St Project AIDS TO TRADE - INSURANCE
BhavyaRajput3
 
CACJapan - GROUP Presentation 1- Wk 4.pdf
CACJapan - GROUP Presentation 1- Wk 4.pdfCACJapan - GROUP Presentation 1- Wk 4.pdf
CACJapan - GROUP Presentation 1- Wk 4.pdf
camakaiclarkmusic
 
Language Across the Curriculm LAC B.Ed.
Language Across the  Curriculm LAC B.Ed.Language Across the  Curriculm LAC B.Ed.
Language Across the Curriculm LAC B.Ed.
Atul Kumar Singh
 
Unit 2- Research Aptitude (UGC NET Paper I).pdf
Unit 2- Research Aptitude (UGC NET Paper I).pdfUnit 2- Research Aptitude (UGC NET Paper I).pdf
Unit 2- Research Aptitude (UGC NET Paper I).pdf
Thiyagu K
 
Embracing GenAI - A Strategic Imperative
Embracing GenAI - A Strategic ImperativeEmbracing GenAI - A Strategic Imperative
Embracing GenAI - A Strategic Imperative
Peter Windle
 
Additional Benefits for Employee Website.pdf
Additional Benefits for Employee Website.pdfAdditional Benefits for Employee Website.pdf
Additional Benefits for Employee Website.pdf
joachimlavalley1
 
The French Revolution Class 9 Study Material pdf free download
The French Revolution Class 9 Study Material pdf free downloadThe French Revolution Class 9 Study Material pdf free download
The French Revolution Class 9 Study Material pdf free download
Vivekanand Anglo Vedic Academy
 
Unit 8 - Information and Communication Technology (Paper I).pdf
Unit 8 - Information and Communication Technology (Paper I).pdfUnit 8 - Information and Communication Technology (Paper I).pdf
Unit 8 - Information and Communication Technology (Paper I).pdf
Thiyagu K
 

Recently uploaded (20)

Phrasal Verbs.XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX
Phrasal Verbs.XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXPhrasal Verbs.XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX
Phrasal Verbs.XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX
 
The Accursed House by Émile Gaboriau.pptx
The Accursed House by Émile Gaboriau.pptxThe Accursed House by Émile Gaboriau.pptx
The Accursed House by Émile Gaboriau.pptx
 
Supporting (UKRI) OA monographs at Salford.pptx
Supporting (UKRI) OA monographs at Salford.pptxSupporting (UKRI) OA monographs at Salford.pptx
Supporting (UKRI) OA monographs at Salford.pptx
 
Francesca Gottschalk - How can education support child empowerment.pptx
Francesca Gottschalk - How can education support child empowerment.pptxFrancesca Gottschalk - How can education support child empowerment.pptx
Francesca Gottschalk - How can education support child empowerment.pptx
 
June 3, 2024 Anti-Semitism Letter Sent to MIT President Kornbluth and MIT Cor...
June 3, 2024 Anti-Semitism Letter Sent to MIT President Kornbluth and MIT Cor...June 3, 2024 Anti-Semitism Letter Sent to MIT President Kornbluth and MIT Cor...
June 3, 2024 Anti-Semitism Letter Sent to MIT President Kornbluth and MIT Cor...
 
Overview on Edible Vaccine: Pros & Cons with Mechanism
Overview on Edible Vaccine: Pros & Cons with MechanismOverview on Edible Vaccine: Pros & Cons with Mechanism
Overview on Edible Vaccine: Pros & Cons with Mechanism
 
BÀI TẬP BỔ TRỢ TIẾNG ANH GLOBAL SUCCESS LỚP 3 - CẢ NĂM (CÓ FILE NGHE VÀ ĐÁP Á...
BÀI TẬP BỔ TRỢ TIẾNG ANH GLOBAL SUCCESS LỚP 3 - CẢ NĂM (CÓ FILE NGHE VÀ ĐÁP Á...BÀI TẬP BỔ TRỢ TIẾNG ANH GLOBAL SUCCESS LỚP 3 - CẢ NĂM (CÓ FILE NGHE VÀ ĐÁP Á...
BÀI TẬP BỔ TRỢ TIẾNG ANH GLOBAL SUCCESS LỚP 3 - CẢ NĂM (CÓ FILE NGHE VÀ ĐÁP Á...
 
Welcome to TechSoup New Member Orientation and Q&A (May 2024).pdf
Welcome to TechSoup   New Member Orientation and Q&A (May 2024).pdfWelcome to TechSoup   New Member Orientation and Q&A (May 2024).pdf
Welcome to TechSoup New Member Orientation and Q&A (May 2024).pdf
 
Palestine last event orientationfvgnh .pptx
Palestine last event orientationfvgnh .pptxPalestine last event orientationfvgnh .pptx
Palestine last event orientationfvgnh .pptx
 
"Protectable subject matters, Protection in biotechnology, Protection of othe...
"Protectable subject matters, Protection in biotechnology, Protection of othe..."Protectable subject matters, Protection in biotechnology, Protection of othe...
"Protectable subject matters, Protection in biotechnology, Protection of othe...
 
2024.06.01 Introducing a competency framework for languag learning materials ...
2024.06.01 Introducing a competency framework for languag learning materials ...2024.06.01 Introducing a competency framework for languag learning materials ...
2024.06.01 Introducing a competency framework for languag learning materials ...
 
aaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaa
aaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaa
aaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaa
 
CLASS 11 CBSE B.St Project AIDS TO TRADE - INSURANCE
CLASS 11 CBSE B.St Project AIDS TO TRADE - INSURANCECLASS 11 CBSE B.St Project AIDS TO TRADE - INSURANCE
CLASS 11 CBSE B.St Project AIDS TO TRADE - INSURANCE
 
CACJapan - GROUP Presentation 1- Wk 4.pdf
CACJapan - GROUP Presentation 1- Wk 4.pdfCACJapan - GROUP Presentation 1- Wk 4.pdf
CACJapan - GROUP Presentation 1- Wk 4.pdf
 
Language Across the Curriculm LAC B.Ed.
Language Across the  Curriculm LAC B.Ed.Language Across the  Curriculm LAC B.Ed.
Language Across the Curriculm LAC B.Ed.
 
Unit 2- Research Aptitude (UGC NET Paper I).pdf
Unit 2- Research Aptitude (UGC NET Paper I).pdfUnit 2- Research Aptitude (UGC NET Paper I).pdf
Unit 2- Research Aptitude (UGC NET Paper I).pdf
 
Embracing GenAI - A Strategic Imperative
Embracing GenAI - A Strategic ImperativeEmbracing GenAI - A Strategic Imperative
Embracing GenAI - A Strategic Imperative
 
Additional Benefits for Employee Website.pdf
Additional Benefits for Employee Website.pdfAdditional Benefits for Employee Website.pdf
Additional Benefits for Employee Website.pdf
 
The French Revolution Class 9 Study Material pdf free download
The French Revolution Class 9 Study Material pdf free downloadThe French Revolution Class 9 Study Material pdf free download
The French Revolution Class 9 Study Material pdf free download
 
Unit 8 - Information and Communication Technology (Paper I).pdf
Unit 8 - Information and Communication Technology (Paper I).pdfUnit 8 - Information and Communication Technology (Paper I).pdf
Unit 8 - Information and Communication Technology (Paper I).pdf
 

Psych ch12-personality

  • 1. PSYCHOLOGY Katherine P. Minter • William J. Elmhorst • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • Copyright © Pearson Education 2012
  • 2. Copyright © Pearson Education 2012 Links to Learning Objectives 29.1 What is the psychodynamic theory of personality? 29.2 How do behaviorists and social cognitive theorists explain personality? 29.3 How do humanistic psychologists explain personality? 29.4 What are historical and current views of the trait perspective? 30.1 What techniques do researchers use to measure personality? Are these techniques reliable and valid?
  • 4. 29.1 What is the psychodynamic theory of personality? Copyright © Pearson Education 2012 Unique and stable ways people think, feel, and behave ersonality
  • 5. Copyright © Pearson Education 2012 Theories of Personality Character Temperament Value judgments of morality and ethics Enduring characteristics each person is born with
  • 6. Copyright © Pearson Education 2012 Four Main Perspectives Psychodynamic Behavioral Humanistic Trait
  • 7. The Man and the Couch: Sigmund Freud and the Psychodynamic Perspective
  • 8. Copyright © Pearson Education 2012 Freud and Psychoanalysis Sigmund Freud • Founder, psychoanalytic movement • Cultural background – Victorian era • Sexual repression, sex for procreation, mistresses satisfied men’s “uncontrollable” sexual desires
  • 9. Copyright © Pearson Education 2012 Freud’s Conception of the Personality ID Superego Ego Conscious: Contact with outside world Preconscious: Material just beneath the surface of awareness Unconscious: Difficult to retrieve material; well below the surface of awareness
  • 10. Copyright © The three parts of the personality are the id, ego, and superego: Pearson Education 2012 The id works on the pleasure principle The ego works on the reality principle. The superego is the moral center of personality, containing the conscience, and is the source of moral anxiety.
  • 11. Copyright © Pearson Education 2012 The Psychological Defense Mechanisms Psychological defense mechanisms: Unconscious distortions of a person’s perception of reality that reduce stress and anxiety
  • 12. Copyright © Pearson Education 2012
  • 13. Copyright © Pearson Education 2012 Defense Mechanisms in Movie Clips
  • 14. Copyright © Pearson Education 2012 Stages of Personality Development • Fixation: Unresolved psychosexual stage conflict – “Stuck” in stage of development • Psychosexual stages: – Five stages of personality – Tied to sexual development
  • 15. Copyright © Pearson Education 2012 Stages of Personality Development First stage, first year Mouth = erogenous zone Weaning is primary conflict Age 6 to puberty Sexual feelings repressed, same-sex play, social skills 3 to 6 years Superego develops Sexual feelings Oedipus complex 1 to 3 years Ego develops Toilet training conflict Expulsive vs. retentive personalities Puberty Sexual feelings consciously expressed LATENCY STAGE ANAL STAGE GENITAL STAGE ORAL STAGE PHALLIC STAGE FREUD’S PSYCHOSEXUAL STAGES
  • 16. Copyright © Pearson Education 2012 Freud’s Psychosexual Stages
  • 17. Copyright © Pearson Education 2012 Summary of Freud’s Psychoanalytic Theory of Personal Development
  • 18. Copyright © Pearson Education 2012 Neo-Freudians The Neo-Freudians Developed competing psychoanalysis theories • Jung: Personal and collective unconscious, archetypes • Adler: Inferiority and compensation, birth-order theory • Horney: Basic anxiety and neurotic personalities • Erikson: Social relationships across the lifespan
  • 19. Copyright © Pearson Education 2012 Modern Psychoanalytic Theory Current research has found support for: • Defense mechanisms • Concept of an unconscious mind that can influence conscious behavior Other concepts cannot be scientifically researched.
  • 20. Copyright © Pearson Education 2012 Healthy and Unhealthy Defense Mechanisms
  • 21. The Behaviorist and Social Cognitive View of Personality
  • 22. Copyright © Pearson Education 2011 The Behaviorist and Social Cognitive View of Personality 29.2 How do behaviorists and social cognitive theories explain personality? Behaviorists define personality as a set of learned responses or habits. Social cognitive theorists emphasize the importance of others’ behaviors and one’s own expectations.
  • 23. Copyright © Pearson Education 2011 Bandura’s Reciprocal Determinism and Self-Efficacy Reciprocal Determinism: Environment, characteristics of the person, and behavior itself all interact Self-efficacy: Perception of one’s competence in a certain circumstance
  • 24. Copyright © Pearson Education 2012 Rotter’s Social Learning Theory: Expectancies Personality is set of potential responses to various situations, including: • Locus of control • Sense of expectancy
  • 25. The Third Force: Humanism and Personality
  • 26. Copyright © Pearson Education 2012 The Third Force: Humanism and Personality 29.3 How do humanistic psychologists explain personality? Humanistic view: Focuses on traits that make people uniquely human • Reaction against negativity of psychoanalysis and behavioral determinism
  • 27. Copyright © Pearson Education 2012 Carl Rogers and Self-Concept Striving to fulfill innate capabilities Image of oneself that develops from interactions with significant people in one’s life
  • 28. Copyright © Pearson Education 2012 Carl Rogers and Self-Concept Real self: One’s perception of actual characteristics, traits, and abilities Ideal self: What one should or would like to be IDEAL SELF REAL SELF Match = Harmony IDEAL SELF REAL SELF Mismatch = Anxiety
  • 29. Copyright © Pearson Education 2012 Unconditional positive regard: Positive regard that is given without conditions or strings attached Carl Rogers and Self-Concept Conditional positive regard: Positive regard that is given only when the person is doing what the providers of positive regard wish
  • 30. Copyright © Pearson Education 2012 Personality Theories
  • 32. Copyright © r a i t Pearson Education 2012 Consistent, enduring way of thinking, feeling, or behaving
  • 33. Copyright © Pearson Education 2012 Trait Theories of Personality 29.4 What are historical and current views of the trait perspective? Allport: Listed 200 traits and believed traits were part of nervous system Cattell: Reduced number of traits to between 16 and 23 with computer method called factor analysis
  • 34. Copyright © Pearson Education 2012 Click here to watch classic footage of Gordon Allport discussing personality traits on mypsychlab.com.
  • 35. Copyright © Pearson Education 2012 Trait Theories of Personality Source traits: More basic traits forming core of personality • Example: Introversion is source trait in which people withdraw Surface traits: Can be seen by other people in the outward actions of a person
  • 36. Copyright © Pearson Education 2012 Cattell’s Self-Report Inventory Source: Cattell (1973)
  • 37. Copyright © Pearson Education 2012 The Big Five Conscientiousness Extraversion Neuroticism Agreeableness Openness 1 2 3 4 5
  • 38. Copyright © Pearson Education 2012 The Big 5 Personality Traits
  • 39. Copyright © Pearson Education 2012 The Big Five
  • 41. Copyright © Pearson Education 2012 Who Uses Which Method? 30.1 What techniques do researchers use to measure personality? Are these Eclectic Assessment techniques reliable and valid?
  • 42. Copyright © Pearson Education 2012 Who Uses Which Method?
  • 43. Copyright © Pearson Education 2012 Interviews Interview: Professional asks questions of client, structured or unstructured Halo effect: Allowing client’s positive traits to influence assessment of client
  • 44. Copyright © Pearson Education 2012 Projective Tests • Projection: Projecting one’s unacceptable thoughts or impulses onto others • Projective tests: Ambiguous visual stimuli presented to client who responds with whatever comes to mind – Rorschach inkblot test: 10 inkblots as ambiguous stimuli – Thematic Apperception Test (TAT): 20 pictures of people in ambiguous situations • Subjectivity problems with projective tests
  • 45. Copyright © Pearson Education 2012 Behavioral Assessments Direct observation: Professional observes client; clinical or natural settings • Rating scale: Numeric value assigned to specific behavior • Frequency count: Frequency of behaviors is counted Problems: • Observer effects/bias • Lack of control
  • 46. Copyright © Pearson Education 2012 Personality Inventories Personality inventory: Questionnaire with standard list of questions • Response format: Yes, no, can’t decide, etc. • Include validity scales to prevent cheating, but such measures are not perfect NEO-PI: Based on the five-factor model Myers-Briggs Type Indicator: Based on Jung’s theory of personality types MMPI-2: Designed to detect abnormal personality
  • 47. Applying Psychology to Everyday Life: The Biological Basis of the Big Five
  • 48. Copyright © Pearson Education 2011 The Biological Basis of the Big Five • Personality neuroscience is a growing area of research. • Brain structure differences associated with some aspects of the Big Five dimensions of personality have been identified using structural MRI.
  • 50. Cicc 3e Slide # Image Description Image Source chapter template AAJRFMQ0Young man text messaging, studio shot Reggie Casagrande / Digital Vision / Getty Images chapter template AAJRFMX0Studio portrait of woman in checkered dress Margo Silver / Riser / Getty Images chapter template AAJRFNE0Woman thinking Hill Creek Pictures / UpperCut Images / Getty Images chapter template AAIHKVU0Different door keys on key ring. Emilio Simion/PhotoDisc/Getty Images chapter template AAIHKVV0Stack of chairs falling over. Riko Pictures/Digital Vision/Getty Images, Inc. chapter template AAIHKVW0Tangled folding ruler, closep-up. ColorBlind Images/Iconica/Getty Images, Inc. 4 joy ©istockphoto.com/Marianna Bettini 8 iceberg ©istockphoto.com/Paul Kline Photography 9 waves ©istockphoto.com/ Jamie Farrant 9 iceberg (psychodynamic) ©istockphoto.com/Paul Kline Photography 10 refusing to face something ©istockphoto.com/bibikoff 10 covering ears ©istockphoto.com/Yougen 11 Table 13.1 Ciccarelli, Psychology, 3/e, p. 498 12 hand with cigarette ©istockphoto.com/RusN 14 Table 13.2 Ciccarelli, Psychology, 3/e, p. 501 15 iceberg (psychodynamic) ©istockphoto.com/Paul Kline Photography 16 iceberg (psychodynamic) ©istockphoto.com/Paul Kline Photography 18 children holding A papers ©istockphoto.com/iofoto 18 DNA ©istockphoto.com/HooRoo Graphics 19 meditation in busy street ©istockphoto.com/Chris Schmidt 19 Figure 13.2 Ciccarelli, Psychology, 3/e, p. 506 20 hand holding trophy ©istockphoto.com/PLAINVIEW 22 top of the mountain ©istockphoto.com/Vernon Wiley 23 top of the mountain ©istockphoto.com/Vernon Wiley 24 Based on Figure 13.3 Ciccarelli, Psychology, 3/e, p. 508 25 rose (humanism) ©istockphoto.com/Piotr Skubisz 27 apples & oranges (traits) ©istockphoto.com/Alexey Bushtruk 28 apples & oranges (traits) ©istockphoto.com/Alexey Bushtruk 29 laptop ©istockphoto.com/CostinT
  • 51. 29 spring for multimedia template istockphoto©Pei Ling Hoo 31 apples & oranges (traits) ©istockphoto.com/Alexey Bushtruk 31 Figure 13.4 Ciccarelli, Psychology, 3/e, p. 511 32 5 paint cans ©istockphoto.com/Amanda Rohde 33 apples & oranges (traits) ©istockphoto.com/Alexey Bushtruk 33 Table 13.3 Ciccarelli, Psychology, 3/e, p. 511 37 interview ©istockphoto.com/peepo 28 Rorschach test ©istockphoto.com/Erik van Hannen 39 woman observing & taking notes ©istockphoto.com/Claudio Arnese 42s brain ©istockphoto.com/Stephen Kirklys
  • 52. Copyright © Pearson Education 2012 What FB says About You