Psychological Core: The deepest component of your personality. It includes your attitudes and values, interests and motives, and beliefs about yourself and your self worth. The real you...
experimental psychology history, experimental psychology lecture, beginning of experimental psychology, experimental method in psychology in English, experimental psychology introduction, a level psychology experimental method, nature of experimental psychology, experimental psychology overview
For More Relevant Presentation Visit my Website:
http://jobsforworld.blogspot.com/2015/12/presentation-of-education.html
Originally Eysenck characterized an individual's personality on two scales. Introversion - extraversion and stable - unstable. A person may thus be
Introverted and Stable,
Introverted and Unstable,
Extraverted and Stable or
Extraverted and Unstable.
The scale, stable - unstable, measures an increasing level of neuroticism. Eysenck's term "neuroticism" does not mean that the persons actually have neurosis, only that they are more inclined to get one.
They are continuous scales, so one can of course also score in the middle, for example, only 50% unstable and only 50% introverted. Later in his career he added Psychoticism.
Presentation made in one of my academic class, Based on a book from Baron, Robert A., Nyla Branscombe. Social Psychology, 13th Edition. Pearson Learning Solutions, 09/2011.
experimental psychology history, experimental psychology lecture, beginning of experimental psychology, experimental method in psychology in English, experimental psychology introduction, a level psychology experimental method, nature of experimental psychology, experimental psychology overview
For More Relevant Presentation Visit my Website:
http://jobsforworld.blogspot.com/2015/12/presentation-of-education.html
Originally Eysenck characterized an individual's personality on two scales. Introversion - extraversion and stable - unstable. A person may thus be
Introverted and Stable,
Introverted and Unstable,
Extraverted and Stable or
Extraverted and Unstable.
The scale, stable - unstable, measures an increasing level of neuroticism. Eysenck's term "neuroticism" does not mean that the persons actually have neurosis, only that they are more inclined to get one.
They are continuous scales, so one can of course also score in the middle, for example, only 50% unstable and only 50% introverted. Later in his career he added Psychoticism.
Presentation made in one of my academic class, Based on a book from Baron, Robert A., Nyla Branscombe. Social Psychology, 13th Edition. Pearson Learning Solutions, 09/2011.
Fro TYBA psychology, Mumbai university students. This is abnormal psychology perspective. This is explanation of biological perspective an this PPT will give you a perfect information about it.
Running Head Traditional Psychodynamic Theories 1Traditional P.docxagnesdcarey33086
Running Head: Traditional Psychodynamic Theories 1
Traditional Psychodynamic Theories 6
Name of the student:
Course:
Date:
Psychodynamic theories are views that describe personality based on conscious and unconscious forces. Personality is the difference in an individual that makes the person have distinctive behavior, patterns of thought and feeling. Personality lends consistency to the character of an individual. The character of a person is shaped by both the environmental and hereditary forces (Matthews, G. et al., 2009). Personality mostly focuses on two broad area. These are understanding discrete differences in a particular trait of a personality such as sociability or irritability, and understanding the way different parts of an individual are joined as a whole.
Famous theorists did work on the psychodynamic theories where they tried to explain the concept of personality. The leading theorists were Sigmund Freud, Alfred Adler, and Erik Erikson. Every theory focuses on explaining nature and the process of a character. The Object Relations Theory is also included in the group of personality theories. The theories perform psychoanalysis, a therapy that tries to disclose unconscious desires and thoughts. All psychologists do not accept psychodynamic theories. The theories have been criticized because of their lack of scientific data to support them.
Freud’s theory:
In this theory, Freud points out that personality includes ego, id, and the super-ego. He said that these three parts worked with each other to create the human character. The id makes a person to be responsible for seeking pleasure and instincts. The superego makes an individual to try to obey the rules of the elders and the society while the ego acts as a mediator between the id and superego on the basis of the demands of reality (Borden, W., 2009). For example, id makes people want food, the ego assists people in looking for a reasonable way to get food, and the superego holds the individual’s morality. According to Freud, the personality of a person is driven by id, superego, and ego.
Strengths and weaknesses:
The theory had both strengths and limitations. Let’s start with the advantages. One, the theory provides a broad framework for the description of the personality of persons. This approach was considered to have power in its explanation. However, it had limitations. Its major problem was that it was not scientifically valid. For example, the theory can help in explaining causes of an abnormality like a child trauma; however, it lacks research evidence to support it. The ideas of Freud were based mostly on his subjective analysis.
Adler’s theory:
Adler came up with the first holistic personality theory. His theory was connected to a humanistic philosophy of living. In his worker, he revealed an uncommon understanding of mental disorders and a big inspiration for.
Fro TYBA psychology, Mumbai university students. This is abnormal psychology perspective. This is explanation of biological perspective an this PPT will give you a perfect information about it.
Running Head Traditional Psychodynamic Theories 1Traditional P.docxagnesdcarey33086
Running Head: Traditional Psychodynamic Theories 1
Traditional Psychodynamic Theories 6
Name of the student:
Course:
Date:
Psychodynamic theories are views that describe personality based on conscious and unconscious forces. Personality is the difference in an individual that makes the person have distinctive behavior, patterns of thought and feeling. Personality lends consistency to the character of an individual. The character of a person is shaped by both the environmental and hereditary forces (Matthews, G. et al., 2009). Personality mostly focuses on two broad area. These are understanding discrete differences in a particular trait of a personality such as sociability or irritability, and understanding the way different parts of an individual are joined as a whole.
Famous theorists did work on the psychodynamic theories where they tried to explain the concept of personality. The leading theorists were Sigmund Freud, Alfred Adler, and Erik Erikson. Every theory focuses on explaining nature and the process of a character. The Object Relations Theory is also included in the group of personality theories. The theories perform psychoanalysis, a therapy that tries to disclose unconscious desires and thoughts. All psychologists do not accept psychodynamic theories. The theories have been criticized because of their lack of scientific data to support them.
Freud’s theory:
In this theory, Freud points out that personality includes ego, id, and the super-ego. He said that these three parts worked with each other to create the human character. The id makes a person to be responsible for seeking pleasure and instincts. The superego makes an individual to try to obey the rules of the elders and the society while the ego acts as a mediator between the id and superego on the basis of the demands of reality (Borden, W., 2009). For example, id makes people want food, the ego assists people in looking for a reasonable way to get food, and the superego holds the individual’s morality. According to Freud, the personality of a person is driven by id, superego, and ego.
Strengths and weaknesses:
The theory had both strengths and limitations. Let’s start with the advantages. One, the theory provides a broad framework for the description of the personality of persons. This approach was considered to have power in its explanation. However, it had limitations. Its major problem was that it was not scientifically valid. For example, the theory can help in explaining causes of an abnormality like a child trauma; however, it lacks research evidence to support it. The ideas of Freud were based mostly on his subjective analysis.
Adler’s theory:
Adler came up with the first holistic personality theory. His theory was connected to a humanistic philosophy of living. In his worker, he revealed an uncommon understanding of mental disorders and a big inspiration for.
Running header: ANNOTATED BIBLIOGRAPHY 3
Annotated Bibliography
LaTonya Bethune
PSYCH/655
Professor Teresa Neal
University of Phoenix
December 2,2019
Annotated Bibliography
Andreassen, C. S., Pallesen, S., & Griffiths, M. D. (2017). The relationship between addictive use of social media, narcissism, and self-esteem: Findings from a large national survey. Addictive bBehaviors, 64, 287-293. Journal titles should be capitalized (each word).
Self- esteem is basically a dependent variable as it is comprised of many aspects that contribute to it such as personal ethics that make people perceive themselves, it also depends on social class and that enables people to interact freely among people within the same social group. The responses people get from others in terms of their personality and appearance determine the level of self-esteem. The book the authors illustrate (this is a journal article, not a book) also illustrates that it can be an independent variable and behavior becomes a dependent variable as people behave in a manner they do depending on the level of self-esteem and that allows them either publicly or in privates to behave in a certain perception. The same perception set can be used even in interaction with student interaction and interaction with other students who may seem of higher social class than others.
Lyndon, M. P., Henning, M. A., Alyami, H., Krishna, S., Zeng, I., Yu, T. C., & Hill, A. G. (2017). Burnout, quality of life, motivation, and academic achievement among medical students: A person-oriented approach. Perspectives on medical education, 6(2), 108-114.
Behavior is a basic depended variable what does that mean? that all other aspects depend on to determine how a variable all the other variable however [Awkward and vague phrasing—Please rewrite for greater clarity.] behavior is constituted by many other aspects that make it stabilize and be characterized by such a behavior such as culture, social class, and self-esteem that generate an embodiment of how one perceives the environment. The quality of life and motivation when undertaking any practices and educational matter depend on the perception. It is true and believed that attitude towards an endeavor determines the success and behavior comes in as the attribute created after all the presumptions. [Cut or reduce empty words to make your writing more concise.]
Tran, L., & Rimes, K. A. (2017). Unhealthy perfectionism, negative beliefs about emotions, emotional suppression, and depression in students: A mediational analysis. Personality and Individual Differences, 110, 144-147.
Emotion differs among people is not a dependent variable however it attributes the well-being of the students and perception of many other aspects of life. The book illustrates how negative belief affects people's perception about themselves and their mental health statu.
Sport and exercise psychologists identify principles and guidelines that professionals can use to help adults and children participate in and benefit from sport and exercise activities.
2. Many theorists have attempted to define personality,
and they agree on one aspect: uniqueness.
Personality is the sum of the characteristics that make
a person unique.
The study of personality helps us work better with
students, athletes, and exercisers.
3. If you consistently respond to social situations by
being quiet and shy, you are likely to be introverted,
not extroverted. However, if someone observed you
being quiet at a party and from that evidence alone
concluded that you were introverted, that person could
well be mistaken—it may have been the particular
situation that caused you to be quiet. Your quietness
may not have been a typical response.
4.
5. The deepest component of your personality.
It includes your attitudes and values, interests
and motives, and beliefs about yourself and
your self worth.
The real you, not who you want others to
6. Typical responses are the ways we learn to
adjust to the environment or how we usually
respond to the world around us.
7. How you act based on what you perceive your
social situation to be is called role-related
behavior.
Your behavior will be different in different in
different situations.
8. Psychologists have looked at personality from
several viewpoints. Five of their major ways of
studying personality in sport and exercise have
been called the
1. Psychodynamic Approach,
2. Trait Approach,
3. Situation Approach,
4. Interactional Approach, and
5. Phenomenological Approach.
9. Popularized by Sigmund Freud and neo-Freudians
such as Carl Jung and Eric Erickson, the
psychodynamic approach to personality is
characterized by two themes (Cox, 1998).
1. First, it places emphasis on unconscious
determinants of behavior, such as what Freud called
the id, ego and super-ego.
2. Second, this approach focuses on understanding the
person as a whole rather than identifying isolated
traits or dispositions.
10.
11. The psychodynamic approach is complex; it views
personality as a dynamic set of processes that are
constantly changing and often in conflict with one
another (Vealey, 2002).
For example, those taking a psychodynamic approach
to the study of personality might discuss how
unconscious aggressive instincts conflict with other
aspects of personality, such as one’s superego, to
determine behavior.
12. Although the psychodynamic approach has had a
major impact on the field of psychology, especially in
clinical approaches to psychology, it has had little
impact on sport psychology.
13. Swedish sport psychologist Erwin (1995) has urged
North Americans to give more attention to this
approach, however, pointing out the support that it
receives in non-English studies of its value in sport.
Erwin has measured defense mechanisms in athletes
and used this information to help performers better
cope with stress and anxiety.
14.
15. The trait approach assumes that the fundamental units
of personality—its traits and traits are relatively
stable.
Personality traits are enduring and consistent across
a variety of situations. Taking the trait approach,
psychologists consider that the causes of behavior
generally reside within the person and the role of
situational or environmental factors is minim.
16. Traits are considered to be predispose a person to act
in a certain way, regardless of the situation or
circumstances.
If an athlete is competitive, for example, he will be
predisposed to playing hard, regardless of the
situation
17. Allport in 1936 went through a dictionary and picked
out more than 4,000 words that describe the human
personality. While these would make up the greater
toolbox of Allport’s trait theory.
He was able to group them into three main
categories
including cardinal, central and secondary.
18.
19. Cardinal traits are primary and they cover all aspects
of an individual’s behavior and attributes.
Examples:
1. Mother Teresa = Caring
2. Hitler = Hate
20. Central traits represent few characteristics which can
be used to describe a person such as hard working,
creative, caring, dedicated and funny.
21. Secondary traits appear in only small range of
situations.
Example: A calm person becomes irritated under a lot
of pressure.
22. Allport’s theory remained influential in but 4,000
traits were considered by many to be impractical for
applications.
In 1940s, Raymond Cattell boiled Trait Theory down
to something more manageable and developed a
personality test known as 16 PF, which became one of
the most commonly used personality rating tools.
23. Eysenck and Eysenck (1968) viewed traits as two
most significant traits ranging from introversion to
extroversion and from stability to emotionality.
Today, the “Big 5” model of personality is most
widely accepted (Gill & Williams, 2008; Vealey,
2002).
24.
25. Trait theorists argue that the best way to understand
personality is by considering traits.
However, simply knowing an individual’s personality
traits will not always help us.
This observation led some researchers to study
personality by focusing on the situation that might
trigger behaviors, rather than on personality traits.
26. The situation approach argues that behavior is
determined largely by the situation or environment.
The idea was drawn from social learning theory
(Bandura, 1977a), which explains behavior in terms of
observational learning (modeling) and
social reinforcement (feedback).
27.
28. Although the situation approach is not as widely
embraced by sport psychologists as the trait approach.
Martin and Lumsden (1987) reported that you can
influence behavior in sport and physical education
by changing the reinforcements in the environment.
29. Over the years, sports psychologists have proposed
many approaches to personality.
Initial approaches were often very simple, focusing on
aspects of either personality traits or states.
30. The Interactional Approach to psychology allows for
a degree of interaction between states and traits.
In other words, knowing both an individual’s
psychological traits and the particular situation is
helpful in understanding behavior.
31.
32. Researchers using an interactional approach ask these
kinds of questions:
• Will extroverts perform better in a team situation
and introverts in an individual (i.e., nonteam)
situation?
• Will highly motivated people show adherence to a
formal exercise program longer than exercisers with
low motivation?
• Will self-confident children prefer competitive
sport and youngsters with low self-confidence
prefer noncompetitive sport situations?
33. Two women enroll in an exercise class. Maureen has high self-esteem,
and Cher has low self-esteem. The class is structured so that each
participant takes a turn leading the exercises. Because she is confident in
social situations and about how she looks, Maureen really looks forward
to leading the class. She really likes being in front of the group, and after
leading the class several times she has even given thought to becoming
an instructor.
Cher, on the other hand, is not confident about getting up in front of
people and feels shy. Unlike Maureen, Cher finds it anxiety provoking
to lead class. All she can think about are the negative reactions the class
members must be having while watching her. Although she really likes to
exercise, there is no way she wants to be put in the situation of having to
get up in front of class again. Not surprisingly, Cher loses interest in the
class and drops out.
34. Although most sport and exercise psychologists adopt
an interactional approach to the study of personality,
the phenomenological approach is the most popular
orientation taken today (Vealey, 2002).
The phenomenological approach contends that
behavior is best determined by accounting for both
situations and personal characteristics.
35. However, instead of focusing on fixed traits or
dispositions as the primary determinants of behavior,
the psychologist examines the person’s understanding
and interpretation of herself and her environment.
In other words an individual’s subjective experiences
and personal views of the world and of herself are
seen as critical.
36. Many of the most prominent theories used in sport
psychology fall within the phenomenological
framework.
For example, self-determination theories of
motivation, cognitive evaluation theory, goal
achievement theory and social cognitive theories.
37. In summary, these five approaches to understand
personality differ in several important ways.
Assignment: Make a comparison of all the five
approaches and submit your assignment in typed
form.
38. When research is conducted appropriately, it can shed
considerable light on how personality affects behavior
in sport and exercise settings.
Psychologists have developed ways to measure
personality that can help us understand personality
traits and states.
39. Many psychologists distinguish between an
individual’s typical style of behaving (traits) and the
situation’s effects on behavior (states).
This distinction between psychological traits and
states has been critical in the development of
personality research in sport.
40. However, even though a given psychological trait
predisposes someone to behave in a certain way, the
behavior doesn’t necessarily occur in all situations.
Therefore, you should consider both traits and states
as you attempt to understand and predict behavior.