Traffic accidents are one of the leading causes of fatalities in the world. An important indicator of survival rates after an accident is the time between the accident and when emergency medical personnel are dispatched to the scene. Eliminating the time between when an accident occurs and when first responders are dispatched to the scene decreases mortality rates by 6%.. By combining smart phones with existing vehicles through an appropriate interface we are able to move closer to the smart vehicle paradigm, offering the user new functionalities and services when driving. In this application we propose an Android based application that monitors the vehicle through an On Board Diagnostics (OBD-II) interface, being able to detect accidents. The application reacts to positive detection by sending details about the accident through SMS to pre-defined destinations, immediately followed by an automatic phone call to the emergency services.
RescueAlert-an accident detection and rescue mechanism IJECEIAES
With the increase of vehicles and cars of different kind and the large movement that occurs every day on the roads it was natural to observe an increase in traffic accidents, but the real dilemma lies in how to make the rescue process efficient. The problem that we want to solve is the response of ambulances towards accidents and the lengthy registration process of patients in hospitals. In the above two scenarios, the manual process of calling the ambulance leads to delay in rescue of patients from an accident and the delay in registration of patient leads to delay in medication or treatment of the patient. We want to make the process more efficient by automating accident detection for increasing the efficiency of the ambulance rescue process and by sending the details of the patient before the patient reaches the hospitals for faster treatment of patients. Along with this, alert messages will be sent to the family or friends of the patients to notify them as soon as an accident is detected.
Design and implement WSN/IOT smart parking management system using microcontr...IJECEIAES
With the dramatic expansion of new networks such as Wireless Sensor Network (WSN) and Internet-of-Things (IoT), tremendous opportunities have been emerged to incorporate such technologies for valuable tasks. One of these tasks is the smart car parking where there is an imperative demand to manage the parking in various facilities, which may help drivers to save their time. Several research studies have addressed this task using wide range of approaches. However, the energy consumption is still a serious concern. This paper proposes a smart car parking based on cloud-based approach along with variety of sensors. Passive Infrared Sensors (PIRs) have been used to sense the object motion. While Light Dependent Resistor (LDR) sensors have been utilized to sense the light of the parking alarm and display information regarding the occupied and non-occupied parking lots. Finally, multi-micro controller of Arduino have been exploited in order to transmit the information collected to the server. Finally, a prototype Android application has been developed in order to receive the information from the server. Results of simulation showed the efficacy of the proposed method.
The Android application is widely used in all
sectors. In our application it helps to track the
location of the bus. By waiting near the bus stop
for a long time this application helps to reduce the
waiting time of the students using Google map. The
arrival time of a bus is calculated based upon the
pickup point and the starting time of a bus in the
shuttle routes. Providing the accurate bus timing
will be helpful for all the students, staff to catch the
bus at the right time. In a college bus driver is
assigned with a mobile phone where we can use to
track the current location of the bus. Notification
will be sending to the students and parents once
the bus is nearby pick up point and drop point by
using Geo-fencing. Quick Response code is used to
track the attendance of the student whether they
boarded the bus at the pickup point. Common
alert message will be sent to students, staffs and
faculty about the holidays or any crucial
information.
Geo-fencing, Google map, GPS
(Global Positioning System)
Intelligent alarm system for hospitals using smartphone technologyTELKOMNIKA JOURNAL
During the last decade, attention was paid to detect the accident and call the ambulance as soon as possible, the situation was neglected after the arrival of the patient to the specified service point. This negligence led to an increase in the mortality rate, especially where the highest percentage of deaths occurred during the first hour after the accident. This highest Mortality can be avoided by providing proper health care after the arrival of the patient to the hospital, the proposed system reduces the rescue time after the arrival of a patient to the hospital, and it requires each hospital to be endowed with a reception model responsible for detecting and reporting accident situations to the emergency service. It was be found that there is an urgent need for a web-based hospital management system with a mobile web service to respond immediately to incidents in the event of an accident. This system utilizes the android phone application to connect to the server for transferring the specified data to the hospital and it can be used for comprehensive accident analysis and management. In this paper, a combination of Android phone application, database, and visual studio 2012 was used to develop the system.
RescueAlert-an accident detection and rescue mechanism IJECEIAES
With the increase of vehicles and cars of different kind and the large movement that occurs every day on the roads it was natural to observe an increase in traffic accidents, but the real dilemma lies in how to make the rescue process efficient. The problem that we want to solve is the response of ambulances towards accidents and the lengthy registration process of patients in hospitals. In the above two scenarios, the manual process of calling the ambulance leads to delay in rescue of patients from an accident and the delay in registration of patient leads to delay in medication or treatment of the patient. We want to make the process more efficient by automating accident detection for increasing the efficiency of the ambulance rescue process and by sending the details of the patient before the patient reaches the hospitals for faster treatment of patients. Along with this, alert messages will be sent to the family or friends of the patients to notify them as soon as an accident is detected.
Design and implement WSN/IOT smart parking management system using microcontr...IJECEIAES
With the dramatic expansion of new networks such as Wireless Sensor Network (WSN) and Internet-of-Things (IoT), tremendous opportunities have been emerged to incorporate such technologies for valuable tasks. One of these tasks is the smart car parking where there is an imperative demand to manage the parking in various facilities, which may help drivers to save their time. Several research studies have addressed this task using wide range of approaches. However, the energy consumption is still a serious concern. This paper proposes a smart car parking based on cloud-based approach along with variety of sensors. Passive Infrared Sensors (PIRs) have been used to sense the object motion. While Light Dependent Resistor (LDR) sensors have been utilized to sense the light of the parking alarm and display information regarding the occupied and non-occupied parking lots. Finally, multi-micro controller of Arduino have been exploited in order to transmit the information collected to the server. Finally, a prototype Android application has been developed in order to receive the information from the server. Results of simulation showed the efficacy of the proposed method.
The Android application is widely used in all
sectors. In our application it helps to track the
location of the bus. By waiting near the bus stop
for a long time this application helps to reduce the
waiting time of the students using Google map. The
arrival time of a bus is calculated based upon the
pickup point and the starting time of a bus in the
shuttle routes. Providing the accurate bus timing
will be helpful for all the students, staff to catch the
bus at the right time. In a college bus driver is
assigned with a mobile phone where we can use to
track the current location of the bus. Notification
will be sending to the students and parents once
the bus is nearby pick up point and drop point by
using Geo-fencing. Quick Response code is used to
track the attendance of the student whether they
boarded the bus at the pickup point. Common
alert message will be sent to students, staffs and
faculty about the holidays or any crucial
information.
Geo-fencing, Google map, GPS
(Global Positioning System)
Intelligent alarm system for hospitals using smartphone technologyTELKOMNIKA JOURNAL
During the last decade, attention was paid to detect the accident and call the ambulance as soon as possible, the situation was neglected after the arrival of the patient to the specified service point. This negligence led to an increase in the mortality rate, especially where the highest percentage of deaths occurred during the first hour after the accident. This highest Mortality can be avoided by providing proper health care after the arrival of the patient to the hospital, the proposed system reduces the rescue time after the arrival of a patient to the hospital, and it requires each hospital to be endowed with a reception model responsible for detecting and reporting accident situations to the emergency service. It was be found that there is an urgent need for a web-based hospital management system with a mobile web service to respond immediately to incidents in the event of an accident. This system utilizes the android phone application to connect to the server for transferring the specified data to the hospital and it can be used for comprehensive accident analysis and management. In this paper, a combination of Android phone application, database, and visual studio 2012 was used to develop the system.
Top Cited Articles International Journal of Computer Science, Engineering and...IJCSEA Journal
International Journal of Computer Science, Engineering and Applications (IJCSEA) is an open access peer-reviewed journal that publishes articles which contribute new results in all areas of the computer science, Engineering and Applications. The journal is devoted to the publication of high quality papers on theoretical and practical aspects of computer science, Engineering and Applications.
“Helpdroid” we inspire by movie-Prema the
project we provide the accident detection in any place. We
provide the help to injuries peoples. When the car or bike
crash together then the GPS and GMS with the crash sensor
send the digital signal and send the message and call to near
police station, ambulance and there related persons.
With growing, Car parking increases with the number of car users. With the increased use of smartphones and their applications, users prefer mobile phone-based solutions. This paper proposes the Smart Parking Management System (SPMS) that depends on Arduino parts, Android applications, and based on IoT. This gave the client the ability to check available parking spaces and reserve a parking spot. IR sensors are utilized to know if a car park space is allowed. Its area data are transmitted using the WI-FI module to the server and are recovered by the mobile application which offers many options attractively and with no cost to users and lets the user check reservation details. With IoT technology, the smart parking system can be connected wirelessly to easily track available locations.
Survey of Smartphone applications based on OBD-II for Intelligent Transportat...IJERA Editor
Highway transportation is supported with several technologies to decrease risk factors and to obtain secure drive.
With improved software and hardware smartphone technology is able to monitor the useful information from
information network and especially it helps to maintain and control better traffic management for ITS. In this
study accession systems to electronic control unit are examined and also access procedure to vehicle status via
onboard diagnostic (OBD) also demonstrated. Additionally vehicle and environment information evaluation and
prevention of accident risks with smartphone technology are also indicated.
Smart prepaid traffic fines system using RFID, IoT and mobile appTELKOMNIKA JOURNAL
This work is intended to deliver an intelligent traffic system using radio frequency identification (RFID) technology. It designed and implemented in a way where fines are autonomously registered. In addition, a mobile app was built to assist traffic officers managing their field works. Low cost equipment’s have been used such as RFID technology, passive tags, processing unit (personal computer), and a connection system. First stage is represented by collecting data using the RFID, where it reads any identified tag that attached with vehicles. Next, a certain data are transmitted to the server using internet network communication system. The server is responsible for processing these data according to a pre-defined rules. Finally, police officers can use the mobile app to perform several tasks according the processed data such as monitoring a specific car, register a new car ID and others.
In our paper several issues of sustainable transport is brought into the spotlight. In this fast paced world
everyone wants everything to happen just in the tick of a second and the wink of an eye. It is widely
acknowledged that traffic congestion threatens economic growth and irritates today’s pacing world. With
the increasing use of transport worldwide, it is necessary to derive solutions to ease traffic. Moreover
transportation now accounts for about 40 per cent of the total use of energy in the world. As a result, there
is an increased focus on how best to make it easier and more attractive for people to use public transport.
For the last two decades IT (Electronics + Computer) has been positioned as the instrument for travel
substitution. IT has been successful in all fields it has been applied to. Similarly it would definitely be a
great help to the strange challenge that transport poses on environment. There are three main things which
we must concentrate on congestion avoidance, accident avoidance,driver assistance and automize only in
needed situations with zone detection. it is much more important in this present day to derive a method
for disabled personalities to drive with ease. Developing special vehicles discriminate them from the
normal man and also it may not be cost feasible. Our project will be a globalised solution which will be
applicable to mankind of all categories. It may be applied to any nation (developed, developing or under
developed).We proudly state that it is location transparent. Every nation has started their development
process in ITS. ITS USA has announced that they expect the industry to be fully grown by 2030 and we
hope that ours would be a small contribution to the world ITS.
These days heart diseases are
considered as the major health issue. It
includes heart attack and cardiac arrest.
Heart attack is the global leading cause
of death for both the genders and
occurrence is not always know.
Sometimes heart attack is often
compared with other type of pain and
not often dealt with it. Hence, this
project is to implement the heart rate
monitoring using IOT. The patients are
expected to carry or wear a hardware
sensor. The sensor with note the heart
rate and transmits it through internet.
The patient may be expected to set the
high and low heart rate individually. On
reaching the high rate or going below
the expected heart rate, an emergency
alert notification is sent to the patient’s,
guardian, doctor and
ambulance(optional) android devices.
Women’s security is a critical issue in today’s world and its very much needed for every
individual to be acting over such an issue. This paper describes a “GPS and GSM based vehicle
tracking and women employee security system” that provides the combination of GPS device
and specialized software to track the vehicle’s location as well as provide alerts and messages
with an emergency button trigger. Now a days due to recently happened cases such as rape by
drivers or colleagues, burglary etc., employee security, especially women employee security has
become the foremost priority of the companies. System uses the Global Positioning System
technology to find out the location of vehicle. The information of vehicle position provided by
the device can be viewed on Google maps using Internet or specialized software. The IT
companies are looking forward to the security problem and require a system that will efficiently
evaluate the problem of women employees security working in nightshifts. This paper focuses on
the proposed model that can be used to deal with the problem of security issue of women
employees using GPS and GSM based vehicle tracking.
Survey of Smartphone applications based on OBD-II for Intelligent Transportat...IJERA Editor
Highway transportation is supported with several technologies to decrease risk factors and to obtain secure drive.
With improved software and hardware smartphone technology is able to monitor the useful information from
information network and especially it helps to maintain and control better traffic management for ITS. In this
study accession systems to electronic control unit are examined and also access procedure to vehicle status via
onboard diagnostic (OBD) also demonstrated. Additionally vehicle and environment information evaluation and
prevention of accident risks with smartphone technology are also indicated.
Top Cited Articles International Journal of Computer Science, Engineering and...IJCSEA Journal
International Journal of Computer Science, Engineering and Applications (IJCSEA) is an open access peer-reviewed journal that publishes articles which contribute new results in all areas of the computer science, Engineering and Applications. The journal is devoted to the publication of high quality papers on theoretical and practical aspects of computer science, Engineering and Applications.
“Helpdroid” we inspire by movie-Prema the
project we provide the accident detection in any place. We
provide the help to injuries peoples. When the car or bike
crash together then the GPS and GMS with the crash sensor
send the digital signal and send the message and call to near
police station, ambulance and there related persons.
With growing, Car parking increases with the number of car users. With the increased use of smartphones and their applications, users prefer mobile phone-based solutions. This paper proposes the Smart Parking Management System (SPMS) that depends on Arduino parts, Android applications, and based on IoT. This gave the client the ability to check available parking spaces and reserve a parking spot. IR sensors are utilized to know if a car park space is allowed. Its area data are transmitted using the WI-FI module to the server and are recovered by the mobile application which offers many options attractively and with no cost to users and lets the user check reservation details. With IoT technology, the smart parking system can be connected wirelessly to easily track available locations.
Survey of Smartphone applications based on OBD-II for Intelligent Transportat...IJERA Editor
Highway transportation is supported with several technologies to decrease risk factors and to obtain secure drive.
With improved software and hardware smartphone technology is able to monitor the useful information from
information network and especially it helps to maintain and control better traffic management for ITS. In this
study accession systems to electronic control unit are examined and also access procedure to vehicle status via
onboard diagnostic (OBD) also demonstrated. Additionally vehicle and environment information evaluation and
prevention of accident risks with smartphone technology are also indicated.
Smart prepaid traffic fines system using RFID, IoT and mobile appTELKOMNIKA JOURNAL
This work is intended to deliver an intelligent traffic system using radio frequency identification (RFID) technology. It designed and implemented in a way where fines are autonomously registered. In addition, a mobile app was built to assist traffic officers managing their field works. Low cost equipment’s have been used such as RFID technology, passive tags, processing unit (personal computer), and a connection system. First stage is represented by collecting data using the RFID, where it reads any identified tag that attached with vehicles. Next, a certain data are transmitted to the server using internet network communication system. The server is responsible for processing these data according to a pre-defined rules. Finally, police officers can use the mobile app to perform several tasks according the processed data such as monitoring a specific car, register a new car ID and others.
In our paper several issues of sustainable transport is brought into the spotlight. In this fast paced world
everyone wants everything to happen just in the tick of a second and the wink of an eye. It is widely
acknowledged that traffic congestion threatens economic growth and irritates today’s pacing world. With
the increasing use of transport worldwide, it is necessary to derive solutions to ease traffic. Moreover
transportation now accounts for about 40 per cent of the total use of energy in the world. As a result, there
is an increased focus on how best to make it easier and more attractive for people to use public transport.
For the last two decades IT (Electronics + Computer) has been positioned as the instrument for travel
substitution. IT has been successful in all fields it has been applied to. Similarly it would definitely be a
great help to the strange challenge that transport poses on environment. There are three main things which
we must concentrate on congestion avoidance, accident avoidance,driver assistance and automize only in
needed situations with zone detection. it is much more important in this present day to derive a method
for disabled personalities to drive with ease. Developing special vehicles discriminate them from the
normal man and also it may not be cost feasible. Our project will be a globalised solution which will be
applicable to mankind of all categories. It may be applied to any nation (developed, developing or under
developed).We proudly state that it is location transparent. Every nation has started their development
process in ITS. ITS USA has announced that they expect the industry to be fully grown by 2030 and we
hope that ours would be a small contribution to the world ITS.
These days heart diseases are
considered as the major health issue. It
includes heart attack and cardiac arrest.
Heart attack is the global leading cause
of death for both the genders and
occurrence is not always know.
Sometimes heart attack is often
compared with other type of pain and
not often dealt with it. Hence, this
project is to implement the heart rate
monitoring using IOT. The patients are
expected to carry or wear a hardware
sensor. The sensor with note the heart
rate and transmits it through internet.
The patient may be expected to set the
high and low heart rate individually. On
reaching the high rate or going below
the expected heart rate, an emergency
alert notification is sent to the patient’s,
guardian, doctor and
ambulance(optional) android devices.
Women’s security is a critical issue in today’s world and its very much needed for every
individual to be acting over such an issue. This paper describes a “GPS and GSM based vehicle
tracking and women employee security system” that provides the combination of GPS device
and specialized software to track the vehicle’s location as well as provide alerts and messages
with an emergency button trigger. Now a days due to recently happened cases such as rape by
drivers or colleagues, burglary etc., employee security, especially women employee security has
become the foremost priority of the companies. System uses the Global Positioning System
technology to find out the location of vehicle. The information of vehicle position provided by
the device can be viewed on Google maps using Internet or specialized software. The IT
companies are looking forward to the security problem and require a system that will efficiently
evaluate the problem of women employees security working in nightshifts. This paper focuses on
the proposed model that can be used to deal with the problem of security issue of women
employees using GPS and GSM based vehicle tracking.
Survey of Smartphone applications based on OBD-II for Intelligent Transportat...IJERA Editor
Highway transportation is supported with several technologies to decrease risk factors and to obtain secure drive.
With improved software and hardware smartphone technology is able to monitor the useful information from
information network and especially it helps to maintain and control better traffic management for ITS. In this
study accession systems to electronic control unit are examined and also access procedure to vehicle status via
onboard diagnostic (OBD) also demonstrated. Additionally vehicle and environment information evaluation and
prevention of accident risks with smartphone technology are also indicated.
VEHICLE COLLISION DETECTION & PREVENTION USING VANET BASED IOT WITH V2Vijwmn
EMERGENCY alert in case of any accident is vitally necessitated to rescue the victims. And so, this paper is made to present the results of a major analysis relating to emergency alert conditions at the time of collision (automobile). In this study, the authors have investigated modern Internet of Things (IoT) and VANET (Vehicular Ad hoc Networks) technologies and developed a collection of modern and specialized techniques as well as their characteristics. It has sensors that detect unbalanced circumstances and provide with a warning to the microcontroller if a collision occurs.
Advanced Vehicle Tracking system using GSM/GPRS and GPSrahulmonikasharma
Vehicle Tracker is a Universal Anti-Larceny System for all kinds of motorcycles. The gadget is inserted inside a vehicle whose position is to be resolved and followed continuously. The composed device works utilizing Global Positioning System (GPS) and Global system for mobile communication/General Packet Radio Service (GSM/GPRS) technology that is the most widely recognized courses for vehicle tracking system. GPS and high sensitivity antenna are used for effective and precise location tracking of motorcycle through mobile application. Accelerometer sensor will alert the user of a possible larceny by detecting the slightest transition of the motorcycle. Immobilizer relay to remotely enable/incapacitate motorcycle ignition. Ignition switch status monitoring is utilized to detect key insertion. Fuel level sensor used to detect fuel larceny and to determine the information about fuel level in automobile tank.
Vehicle Collision Detection & Prevention using VANET Based IoT With V2Vijwmn
EMERGENCY alert in case of any accident is vitally necessitated to rescue the victims. And so, this paper is made to present the results of a major analysis relating to emergency alert conditions at the time of collision (automobile). In this study, the authors have investigated modern Internet of Things (IoT) and VANET (Vehicular Ad hoc Networks) technologies and developed a collection of modern and specialized techniques as well as their characteristics. It has sensors that detect unbalanced circumstances and provide with a warning to the microcontroller if a collision occurs. Additionally, the technique can be implemented in such a way that vehicles are alerted of possible closing barriers. Vehicle-to-Vehicle communication (V2V) has a huge impact since it allows vehicles to communicate with each other while in proximity and the buzzer together with the LEDs serves as a safety feature. The primary goal of the system is to carry out the microcontroller functions in every environment and moreover, the concept refers to detect and prevent the collision specially in a foggy weather as well as at night and in other odd circumstances. The Internet of Things (IoT) and the Vehicular Ad-Hoc Network (VANET) have now been merged as the fundamental and central components of Intelligent Transportation System (ITS). Furthermore, while the procedure of obtaining the insurance may be longer for certain people. On the other hand, others may avoid the law after being involved in severe collisions which makes it difficult for the authorities to discriminate between criminal and non-criminal evidence.
Nowadays vehicles are important in our day to day life. Our transportation methods mainly depend on vehicles, as per the need increases the care for the vehicle also increases, but in this busy life we fail to give much attention to the vehicle. This results in the major mechanical problems in the vehicle. Due to the busy schedule, people fail to give servicing to the car at the proper time. People forget to check the battery voltage and engine temperature. To avoid such problems our system helps the user to take good care of his vehicle by monitoring the vehicle parameters like fuel level, engine temperature and battery voltage. It also checks whether the driver is drunk or not. It gives the servicing alerts to the driver.
A proposed model for traffic signal preemption using global positioning syste...csandit
A Traffic Signal Preemption system is an automated system that allows normal operation of
traffic lights at automated signalized intersections to be preempted. Preemption of signals is
generally done to assist emergency vehicles, such as ambulances, so that response times are
reduced and right-of-way is provided in a smooth and controlled manner. This paper proposes
an innovative and cost-effective server-centric model to facilitate preemption using a simple
mobile phone app which uses Global Positioning System (GPS) and a microcontroller which
controls traffic signals.
A PROPOSED MODEL FOR TRAFFIC SIGNAL PREEMPTION USING GLOBAL POSITIONING SYSTE...cscpconf
A Traffic Signal Preemption system is an automated system that allows normal operation of traffic lights at automated signalized intersections to be preempted. Preemption of signals is
generally done to assist emergency vehicles, such as ambulances, so that response times are reduced and right-of-way is provided in a smooth and controlled manner. This paper proposes an innovative and cost-effective server-centric model to facilitate preemption using a simple mobile phone app which uses Global Positioning System (GPS) and a microcontroller which controls traffic signals.
Light Dimmer with Implementation of Data Abstraction While CrashingIJCERT JOURNAL
The paper proposes a system to automatically dim the headlight of opposite vehicles by changing from high beam to low beam. The system envisioned is automatic collision avoidance and detection. Many methods are available to dim the headlight of vehicles. In the earlier days dip mechanism was used. Similarly there are several mechanisms for automatic accident detection. An automatic alarm gadget for traffic accidents is presented. It can consequently discover a car crash; hunt down the spot and after that send the essential data to hospitals. This system will highly aid the search and rescue of vehicles that have met with an accident.
"Heart failure is a typical clinical accompanied by symptoms syndrome (e.g. shortness of breath, ankle swelling and fatigue) that lead to structural or functional abnormalities of the heart (e.g. high venous pressure, pulmonary edema and peripheral edema).
In recent years, the significant role of B-type natriuretic peptide has been revealed in the pathogenesis of heart disease and the use of the drug sacubitril/valsartan has started. It has a positive effect on the regulation of the level of B-type natriuretic peptide in the body. It is obviously seen from the the world literature that natriuretic peptides play an important role in the pathophysiology of heart failure. For this reason, many studies suggest that the importance of natriuretic peptides in the diagnosis and treatment of heart failure is recommended.
Due to this, we tried to investigate the effects of a comprehensive medication therapy with a combination of sacubitril/valsartan in the patients with chronic heart failure."
Embracing GenAI - A Strategic ImperativePeter Windle
Artificial Intelligence (AI) technologies such as Generative AI, Image Generators and Large Language Models have had a dramatic impact on teaching, learning and assessment over the past 18 months. The most immediate threat AI posed was to Academic Integrity with Higher Education Institutes (HEIs) focusing their efforts on combating the use of GenAI in assessment. Guidelines were developed for staff and students, policies put in place too. Innovative educators have forged paths in the use of Generative AI for teaching, learning and assessments leading to pockets of transformation springing up across HEIs, often with little or no top-down guidance, support or direction.
This Gasta posits a strategic approach to integrating AI into HEIs to prepare staff, students and the curriculum for an evolving world and workplace. We will highlight the advantages of working with these technologies beyond the realm of teaching, learning and assessment by considering prompt engineering skills, industry impact, curriculum changes, and the need for staff upskilling. In contrast, not engaging strategically with Generative AI poses risks, including falling behind peers, missed opportunities and failing to ensure our graduates remain employable. The rapid evolution of AI technologies necessitates a proactive and strategic approach if we are to remain relevant.
Francesca Gottschalk - How can education support child empowerment.pptxEduSkills OECD
Francesca Gottschalk from the OECD’s Centre for Educational Research and Innovation presents at the Ask an Expert Webinar: How can education support child empowerment?
June 3, 2024 Anti-Semitism Letter Sent to MIT President Kornbluth and MIT Cor...Levi Shapiro
Letter from the Congress of the United States regarding Anti-Semitism sent June 3rd to MIT President Sally Kornbluth, MIT Corp Chair, Mark Gorenberg
Dear Dr. Kornbluth and Mr. Gorenberg,
The US House of Representatives is deeply concerned by ongoing and pervasive acts of antisemitic
harassment and intimidation at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT). Failing to act decisively to ensure a safe learning environment for all students would be a grave dereliction of your responsibilities as President of MIT and Chair of the MIT Corporation.
This Congress will not stand idly by and allow an environment hostile to Jewish students to persist. The House believes that your institution is in violation of Title VI of the Civil Rights Act, and the inability or
unwillingness to rectify this violation through action requires accountability.
Postsecondary education is a unique opportunity for students to learn and have their ideas and beliefs challenged. However, universities receiving hundreds of millions of federal funds annually have denied
students that opportunity and have been hijacked to become venues for the promotion of terrorism, antisemitic harassment and intimidation, unlawful encampments, and in some cases, assaults and riots.
The House of Representatives will not countenance the use of federal funds to indoctrinate students into hateful, antisemitic, anti-American supporters of terrorism. Investigations into campus antisemitism by the Committee on Education and the Workforce and the Committee on Ways and Means have been expanded into a Congress-wide probe across all relevant jurisdictions to address this national crisis. The undersigned Committees will conduct oversight into the use of federal funds at MIT and its learning environment under authorities granted to each Committee.
• The Committee on Education and the Workforce has been investigating your institution since December 7, 2023. The Committee has broad jurisdiction over postsecondary education, including its compliance with Title VI of the Civil Rights Act, campus safety concerns over disruptions to the learning environment, and the awarding of federal student aid under the Higher Education Act.
• The Committee on Oversight and Accountability is investigating the sources of funding and other support flowing to groups espousing pro-Hamas propaganda and engaged in antisemitic harassment and intimidation of students. The Committee on Oversight and Accountability is the principal oversight committee of the US House of Representatives and has broad authority to investigate “any matter” at “any time” under House Rule X.
• The Committee on Ways and Means has been investigating several universities since November 15, 2023, when the Committee held a hearing entitled From Ivory Towers to Dark Corners: Investigating the Nexus Between Antisemitism, Tax-Exempt Universities, and Terror Financing. The Committee followed the hearing with letters to those institutions on January 10, 202
Acetabularia Information For Class 9 .docxvaibhavrinwa19
Acetabularia acetabulum is a single-celled green alga that in its vegetative state is morphologically differentiated into a basal rhizoid and an axially elongated stalk, which bears whorls of branching hairs. The single diploid nucleus resides in the rhizoid.
The Roman Empire A Historical Colossus.pdfkaushalkr1407
The Roman Empire, a vast and enduring power, stands as one of history's most remarkable civilizations, leaving an indelible imprint on the world. It emerged from the Roman Republic, transitioning into an imperial powerhouse under the leadership of Augustus Caesar in 27 BCE. This transformation marked the beginning of an era defined by unprecedented territorial expansion, architectural marvels, and profound cultural influence.
The empire's roots lie in the city of Rome, founded, according to legend, by Romulus in 753 BCE. Over centuries, Rome evolved from a small settlement to a formidable republic, characterized by a complex political system with elected officials and checks on power. However, internal strife, class conflicts, and military ambitions paved the way for the end of the Republic. Julius Caesar’s dictatorship and subsequent assassination in 44 BCE created a power vacuum, leading to a civil war. Octavian, later Augustus, emerged victorious, heralding the Roman Empire’s birth.
Under Augustus, the empire experienced the Pax Romana, a 200-year period of relative peace and stability. Augustus reformed the military, established efficient administrative systems, and initiated grand construction projects. The empire's borders expanded, encompassing territories from Britain to Egypt and from Spain to the Euphrates. Roman legions, renowned for their discipline and engineering prowess, secured and maintained these vast territories, building roads, fortifications, and cities that facilitated control and integration.
The Roman Empire’s society was hierarchical, with a rigid class system. At the top were the patricians, wealthy elites who held significant political power. Below them were the plebeians, free citizens with limited political influence, and the vast numbers of slaves who formed the backbone of the economy. The family unit was central, governed by the paterfamilias, the male head who held absolute authority.
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Providing Accident Detection in Vehicular Networks through OBD-II Devices and Android-based Smart Phones
1. International Journal of Science and Research (IJSR), India Online ISSN: 2319-7064
Volume 2 Issue 9, September 2013
www.ijsr.net
Providing Accident Detection in Vehicular
Networks through OBD-II Devices and
Android-based Smart Phones
Narsing Rao, M1
; Suresh Kumar, V2
1
ME Student, ECE, M.V.S.R. Engineering College, Nadergul, Andhra Pradeh, India
2
Department of ECE, M.V.S.R. Engineering College, Nadergul, Andhra Pradeh, India
Abstract: Traffic accidents are one of the leading causes of fatalities in the world. An important indicator of survival rates after an
accident is the time between the accident and when emergency medical personnel are dispatched to the scene. Eliminating the time
between when an accident occurs and when first responders are dispatched to the scene decreases mortality rates by 6%.. By combining
smart phones with existing vehicles through an appropriate interface we are able to move closer to the smart vehicle paradigm, offering
the user new functionalities and services when driving. In this application we propose an Android based application that monitors the
vehicle through an On Board Diagnostics (OBD-II) interface, being able to detect accidents. The application reacts to positive detection
by sending details about the accident through SMS to pre-defined destinations, immediately followed by an automatic phone call to the
emergency services.
Keywords: OBD-II; Android smart phone; Bluetooth SPP; GPS information.
1. Introduction
In India, an increasing number of vehicles on the roads, in
recent past, have led to an increase in the number of road
accidents. There have been alarming statistics regarding the
number of accidents per day in India. At least 1,42,000
people died due to road accidents in India in the year
2011.Bad driving, lax traffic control, and poor road
conditions are the main reason for this. The ability to detect
traffic accidents using smart phones has only recently
become possible because of the advances in the processing
power and sensors deployed on smart phones. For example,
the iPhone 4 includes a GPS system for determining the
geographic position of the phone, an accelerometer for
measuring the forces applied to the phone, two separate
microphones, and a 3-axis gyroscope for detecting phone
orientation.
In this paper we propose combining existing vehicles with
smart phones to achieve a solution able to improve security
on the road. In our solution, smart phones are used as an
alternative On-Board-Unit (OBU) within the vehicle,
accessing the information in the vehicle’s internal bus
wirelessly. The only requirement to achieve this goal is that
the vehicle supports the OBD-II standard. Since this standard
is mandatory since 2001, the solution is applicable to all
vehicles aged 10 years or less (as of 2011). In this work, a
specialized smart phone application was developed to
provide support for emergency services based on the
information available in the communications bus of the
vehicle. In particular, the proposed application monitors the
vehicle’s speed and airbag triggers to detect when an
accident has occurred. Positive accident detection is followed
by any sequence of actions defined by the user, such as
sending accident details via SMS making an automated
phone call to the emergency services.
2. Literature Review
In the literature we can find some works that adopt Android
based smart phones to support all sorts of in-vehicle services.
By combining this data with measurements from the mobile
device’s sensors, a high detection rate of serious accidents
could be reached. In [1], the authors describe a system that
gathers vehicle data and sends it to a centralized database in
case of an accident. In [3], the authors present an automatic
emergency alert system for two-wheeled vehicles that
includes an accident detector inclination sensor and decision
unit and a system to inform third parties about historic data
of speed, acceleration and braking. Hernandez et al. [4]
developed a prototype of an on-board unit that allows the
driver to communicate with his vehicle, as well as with other
available devices (PDAs, cellular, sensor networks, and so
on and with the road infrastructure) in order to consume
intelligent transport services.
The work done by Hampton C. Gabler [5] reports on a
research effort which seeks to dramatically reduce
Emergency Medical Services response time by developing
and testing an Automated Crash Notification System which
automatically transmits the location and severity of a crash to
EMS personnel. Chen et al. proposed a vehicular
Android/OSGi platform that allows diagnosing or managing
the system status of a vehicular platform remotely and also to
use visual intelligence to continually update their application
services based on context awareness without user
intervention.
3. Project Overview
It consists of two main sections in the system. The first
section android smart phone which consists of Bluetooth SPP
application and ARM7 controller based On Board Diagnostic
device, where the communication between them is done
based on the Bluetooth device. The Block diagrammatic
Paper ID: 11091305 253
2. International Journal of Science and Research (IJSR), India Online ISSN: 2319-7064
Volume 2 Issue 9, September 2013
www.ijsr.net
representation of the circuit is shown in the Fig.1.In this
work we develop an application that communicates with the
vehicle’s internal bus using the OBD-II interface and
Bluetooth communication to determine whether accidents
have occurred, and to estimate the severity of such accidents.
The information retrieved is then submitted to emergency
services, and an emergency phone call is automatically
established by the android smart phone which is shown in the
Fig.2.
Figure 1: Block diagram in Vehicular Unit.
In this work, a specialized smart phone application was
developed to provide support for emergency services based
on the information available in the communications bus of
the vehicle. In particular, the proposed application monitors
the vehicle’s speed and airbag triggers to detect when an
accident has occurred. Positive accident detection is followed
by any sequence of actions defined by the user, such as
sending accident details via SMS making an automated
phone call to the emergency services.
Figure 2: Mobile Unit.
Initially the smart phone connects to an OBD-II device via
Bluetooth to retrieve data from the vehicle’s bus. The
information gained, together with data from other sources
(e.g. GPS system) is packed and sent to an emergency
services database or to other third parties defined by the user
if an accident is detected. This procedure is followed by an
automatic call to an operator, which will send an ambulance
or other rescue services to the accident location. This is
illustrated in the following Fig 3.
Figure 3: Different interacting elements in application.
The application also offers general purpose information to
the driver, including gas levels, detection of failures in
mechanical elements, extensive engine feedback data, etc. To
understand why the proposed solution is feasible, it is worth
noticing that, despite initial OBD-II connectors relied on RS-
232 (serial port) or USB connections, now a days we can
already find in the market OBD-II connectors that provide an
application called Bluetooth SPP enabling seamless
connectivity with smart phones and all sorts of mobile
devices. Thus, it is an effective approach for reducing traffic
fatalities, therefore, is to reduce the time between when an
accident occurs and when first responders, such as medical
personnel, are dispatched to the scene of the accident.
Automatic collision notification systems use sensors
embedded in a car to determine when an accident has
occurred. These systems immediately dispatch emergency
medical personnel to serious accidents. Eliminating the time
between accident occurrence and first responder dispatch
reduces fatalities.
3.1 The OBD-II Standard
Several operating modes are defined by the OBD-II standard
to allow for an easier interaction with the system, and
defining the desired functionality. Most automobile
manufacturers have introduced additional operation modes
that are specific to their vehicles, thus offering a full control
of the available functionality. The European version of the
OBD-II standard, known as EOBD, is mandatory for all
gasoline and diesel vehicles since 2001 and 2003,
respectively. Despite it introduces small improvements
EOBD strongly resembles OBD-II, sharing the same
connectors and interfaces. Since today’s smart phones and
tablet PCs are equipped with a range of modern and highly
accurate sensors, they can also be used for analyzing driving
related scenarios. Mednis et al. developed a system that
allows the detection of potholes using a mobile device’s
built-in accelerometer (Mednis et al. 2011).
The OBD-II standard specifies the type of diagnostic
connector and its pin out, the electrical signaling protocols
available, and the messaging format. It also provides a
candidate list of vehicle parameters to monitor along with
how to encode the data for each. There is a pin in the
connector that provides power for the scan tool from the
vehicle battery, which eliminates the need to connect a scan
tool to a power source separately. However, some
technicians might still connect the scan tool to an auxiliary
power source to protect data in the unusual event that a
vehicle experiences a loss of electrical power due to a
malfunction.
Paper ID: 11091305 254
3. International Journal of Science and Research (IJSR), India Online ISSN: 2319-7064
Volume 2 Issue 9, September 2013
www.ijsr.net
The application also offers general purpose information to
the driver, including gas levels, detection of failures in
mechanical elements, extensive engine feedback data, etc. To
understand why the proposed solution is feasible, it is worth
noticing that, despite initial OBD-II connectors relied on RS-
232 (serial port) or USB connections, now a days we can
already find in the market OBD-II connectors that provide an
application called Bluetooth SPP enabling seamless
connectivity with smart phones and all sorts of mobile
devices.
4. Implementation Details
Our application was developed for the Android platform,
now a day’s available in most smart phones in whole world.
Android-based smart phones typically include different
wireless interfaces, such as Bluetooth, WiFi, GPS and 3G,
making them ideal for our purposes. In particular, our
solution will rely on the Bluetooth technology to establish a
data between the smart phone and a Bluetooth-enabled OBD-
II interface. This application basically combines two
elements-vehicle and smart phone via Bluetooth technology.
We have to store the phone number of the first responder in
our design and a SIM should insert in the GSM module.
After storing the phone number we can get the all the sensors
information like fuel, temperature, accelerometer values
along with GPS information in the form of longitude and
latitude will be displayed on LCD and phone which is shown
In the Fig 4.
Figure 4: Displaying sensor values on phone.
The accelerometer value i.e. g value depends on the
orientation of the vehicle along three axes. If the g value less
than 1, the vehicle is moving in safe zone. If g value is
greater than 1, this indicates that vehicle met with an
accident. Then suddenly the SMS will be sent by GSM to the
first responder as shown in Fig 5. The responder notifies the
GPS information in the form of longitude and latitude values
then immediately he will inform the emergency services.
This way we can reduce the interval between when an
accident occurs and when emergency services such as 108,
medical ambulances will be reach to that particular location.
Figure 5: Message to first responder phone.
After getting an accident details in the form of longitude and
latitude along with g value, the automatic call from the
accident location will go as shown in the Fig 6.
Figure 6: An automatic call to the predefined destination.
Our proposed application contains the applications in our
daily life, like Cost efficient technique since data can be
analyzed in the mobile itself, Accident prevention and
Improving the driving efficiency and comfort.
5. System Design and Scope
As road traffic is increasing day by day, monitoring it in an
effective way has been challenge to researchers. Since smart
phones are penetrating into common people’s lives very fast,
utilizing the sensors available in them for traffic monitoring
is good idea. The data processed by the mobile can be sent to
a central server, which can use the information received to
annotate maps accessed by the users through this application.
This annotation can contain lot of information like the
intensity of traffic at a junction, the bumpy nature of the road
etc. All this can be done in an energy efficient manner by
using low energy consuming components of the mobile like
accelerometer and occasionally using GPS for localization
and finding the bearing of the road. Also, applying machine
learning techniques in classifying data can help the system to
adapt to changing factors like nature of the road and vehicle
type the users use.
The experimental setup for this project is shown in the Fig 7.
It contains an Android based application called Bluetooth
SPP that monitors the vehicle through an OBD interface
being able to detect accidents. If a vehicle met with an
accident, immediately the first responder will get the
accident details and location through SMS, followed by an
automatic call by using GSM,GPS technologies in order to
respond quickly it help at saving lives.
Paper ID: 11091305 255
4. International Journal of Science and Research (IJSR), India Online ISSN: 2319-7064
Volume 2 Issue 9, September 2013
www.ijsr.net
The application reacts to positive detection by sending
details about the accident through SMS to pre-defined
destinations, immediately followed by an automatic phone
call to the emergency services. Experimental results using a
real vehicle show that the application is able to react to
accident events in less than 3 seconds, a very low time,
validating the feasibility of smart phone based solutions for
improving safety on the road. Since android is an open
source operating system it is easy to develop applications
using java and as well as the native language and then
converting it into the Android Classes. The idea what is been
proposed is to have a basic 1 GHz computer system running
in the car with Android operating system being the sole
controller. The system is interfaced with the vehicle ECU
and the sensors and it helps the user to have a better control
over the vehicle.
Figure 7: Hardware setup for the project.
The important hardware parts used in the above figure are,
1. ARM7 TDMI-S Processor (LPC 2148 micro controller)
2. Fuel level Sensor
3. Temperature Sensor
4. Accelerometer Sensor
5. GPS Module
6. GSM Module
7. Bluetooth
5.1 LPC 2148 Micro Controller
The LPC2141/42/44/46/48 microcontrollers are based on a
16-bit/32-bit ARM7TDMI-S CPU with real-time emulation
and embedded trace support, that combine the
microcontroller with embedded high-speed flash memory
ranging from 32 kB to 512 kB. A 128-bit wide memory
interface and unique accelerator architecture enable 32-bit
code execution at the maximum clock rate. For critical code
size applications, the alternative 16-bit Thumb mode reduces
code by more than 30 % with minimal performance penalty.
The main features are
a. 16-bit/32-bit ARM7TDMI-S microcontroller in a tiny
LQFP64 package.
b.8 kB to 40 kB of on-chip static RAM and 32 kB to 512 kB
of on-chip flash memory.
c. 128-bit wide interface/accelerator enables high-speed 60
MHz operation.
d.In-System Programming/In-Application Programming
(ISP/IAP) via on-chip boot loader software.
e. Single flash sector or full chip erase in 400 ms and
programming of 256 B in 1ms.
5.2 LM35 Temperature Sensor
LM35 converts temperature value into electrical signals.
LM35 series sensors are precision integrated-circuit
temperature sensors whose output voltage is linearly
proportional to the Celsius temperature. The LM35 requires
no external calibration since it is internally calibrated. . The
LM35 does not require any external calibration or trimming
to provide typical accuracies of ±1⁄4°C at room temperature
and ±3⁄4°C over a full −55 to +150°C temperature range.
5.3 Accelerometer Sensor
The MMA7660FC is a ±1.5 g 3-Axis Accelerometer with
Digital Output (I2C). It is a very low power, low profile
capacitive MEMS sensor featuring a low pass filter,
compensation for 0g offset and gain errors, and conversion to
6-bit digital values at user configurable samples per second.
Fuel level sensor is used to measure the level or quantity of
fuel in the fuel tank. This sensor works on the principle of
electrical capacitance, which states that, when air surrounded
electrode is immersed in the liquid it changes its capacitance.
5.4 GSM and GPS Technologies
Bluetooth wireless technology enables communication
between Bluetooth-compatible devices. It is used for short-
range connections between desktop and laptop computer. we
have used HC-04/06 Bluetooth module in order to establish
the connection between the vehicle and smart phone. A GPS
receiver (GPS634R) acquires these signals and provides the
user with information. Using GPS technology, one can
determine location in the form of latitude and longitude
which are used in this project, velocity and time, 24 hours a
day, in any weather conditions anywhere in the world for
free. Our project contains GSM module of type SIM 300
supports power supply of 3.3v-4.5v. GSM (Global System
for Mobile communications) is an open, digital cellular
technology used for transmitting mobile voice and data
services. GSM (Global System for Mobile communication)
is a digital mobile telephone system that is widely used in
Europe and other parts of the world.
Latitude is defined as a measurement of distance in degrees
north and south of the equator. There are 90 degrees of
latitude from the equator to each of the poles, north and
south. Latitude lines are parallel, that is they are the same
distance apart. The equator is the longest of all lines of
latitude. Longitude is defined as measurement of distance in
degrees east or west of the prime meridian. Longitude lines
to the left of the prime meridian give locations west, in the
western hemisphere. Longitude lines to the right of the
primer meridian give locations east, in the eastern
hemisphere.
6. Conclusion
The above idea proposed is an economic alternative to the
high budgeted cars in today's market. If given a proper
backbone to this project it would create a revolution
equivalent to the buzz what Android has created in the
Paper ID: 11091305 256
5. International Journal of Science and Research (IJSR), India Online ISSN: 2319-7064
Volume 2 Issue 9, September 2013
www.ijsr.net
mobile phone sector. This idea is cost efficient and is more
controlled by the user than the manufacturer which would be
the one of the main reason this system would sell. To further
increase the usage of automatic accident detection and
notification systems, smart phones can be used to indirectly
detection accidents through their onboard sensors, such as
accelerometers. Many challenges must be overcome
however, particularly the potential for false positives from
accidentally dropped phones. Due to the large volume of
“phantom” (accidental) calls to emergency services, reducing
the false positive rate of smart phone accident detection is
important. Using a combination of context data, such as
determining when a user is inside a vehicle, sensor data, such
as accelerometer and acoustic information, and intelligent
sensor data filtering, accident detection systems can be
created that are resistant to false positives.
7. Future Scope
Our future work is aimed towards using advanced machine
learning techniques to find out patterns from the collected
data and classify them accordingly. This can be done on a
server where data can be uploaded at the end of the journey.
We also want to enable crowd-sourcing, to collect mass data
and analyze other subtle reasons behind rash driving, e.g.,
under what conditions - traffic, rush hours etc. a person
drives rashly. Along with this idea proposed by us we are
trying to implement this model on a small term basis and try
to experiment with other hybrids in the world of Android
development. We would come out with the implementation
of the above idea proposed if essentials pertained. Also,
applying machine learning techniques in classifying data can
help the system to adapt to changing factors like nature of
the road and vehicle type the users use.
References
[1] US Patent 7133661, ―Emergency information
notifying system, and apparatus, method and moving
object utilizing the emergency information notifying
systemǁ, 2006.
[2] FP7 SCP8-GA-2009-233976, “SAFETRIP: Satellite
Applications For Emergency handling, Traffic alerts,
Road safety and Incident Prevention,”2010.
[3] E. Dávila, ―eCall: status of the initiativeǁ, 2nd PSAPs
Expert Group meeting. Brussels, April 2007.
[4] U. Hernandez, A. Perallos, N. Sainz, and I. Angulo,
―Vehicle on board platform: Communications test and
proto-typing,ǁ in Intelligent Vehicles Symposium (IV),
2010 IEEE, pp. 967 –972, 2010.
[5] Hampton C Gabler, Bergasa, J. Nuevo, M. Sotelo, R.
Barea, and M. Lopez. Real-time system for monitoring
driver vigilance. IEEE Transactions on Intelligent
Transportation Systems, 7(1):63 –77, 2006.
Author Profile
M Narsingrao received B. Tech degree in Electronics
and Communication Engineering from J.N.T.U
Hyderabad in 2010. Presently he is doing M.E from
M.V.S.R engineering college affiliated to Osmania
University in E.C.E. He has taken Embedded Systems
and VLSI Design as a specialization.
Paper ID: 11091305 257