The document describes various kingdoms and types of protists. It includes:
1) Protists are divided into protozoans, algae, and cellular slime molds. Protozoans are further divided into amoebas, flagellates, and others.
2) Examples of protists described include Paramecium, a ciliate, and Plasmodium malariae, the apicomplexan that causes malaria.
3) Reproductive processes in protists include asexual reproduction through binary fission or budding, and sexual reproduction through conjugation or syngamy followed by meiosis.
This article includes Basics classification like binomial nomenclature, Taxa hierarchic, Five kingdoms of Robert H. Whittaker, Levels of Organization, and Classificationa and features of Protozoa, Porifera and Coelenterata
This article includes Basics classification like binomial nomenclature, Taxa hierarchic, Five kingdoms of Robert H. Whittaker, Levels of Organization, and Classificationa and features of Protozoa, Porifera and Coelenterata
Basic discussion on Coccidian parasites with a focus on Cryptosporidiosis -morphology, life cycle, pathogenesis, clinical manifestations, and laboratory diagnosis and management.
Detailed description of malarial parasites especially P. falciparum with regards to their Morphology, Life cycle, Pathogenesis, Epidemiology, Clinical manifestations and complications and Laboratory diagnosis including modern methods and treatment.
The topic discussed in the slides are the Thallophyta with more emphasis on the characteristic of the members of the Chlorophyceae, Phaeophyceae & Rhodophyceae. Their characteristic features, asexual & sexual reproduction and their economic importance have been discussed
Plant kingdom (11th Biology) for complete 11th and 12th notes 1999 and for PP...ASM NAFIS BIOLOGY
This is uploaded with videos on YouTube, linked provided bellow
Introduction and thalophyta- https://youtu.be/OtVqgSXwpAo
Bryophyta-https://youtu.be/QlmhYUNKA98
Pteridophyta- https://youtu.be/WjVXHVCN5Fs
Gymnosperm-https://youtu.be/Yy6pNmDoyz8
Angiosperm-https://youtu.be/ZDmYYklBwh4
Still you can comment us on YouTube to get more explanation and better videos.
This maybe of help for UG+PG Botany students studying mycology. It's about the general account of class Chytridiomycetes. Good for quick revision and information.
*Critics are very welcomed*
• Marsilea hirsuta & Marsilea quadrifolia are two most common Indian species, usually found growing in marshy places, wet soil or near muddy margins of ponds.
• The species are hydrophytic or amphibious i.e., they grow rooted in mud or marshes and shallow pools or are completely submerged or partially or entirely out of water in wet habitats.
Unit 8 - Information and Communication Technology (Paper I).pdfThiyagu K
This slides describes the basic concepts of ICT, basics of Email, Emerging Technology and Digital Initiatives in Education. This presentations aligns with the UGC Paper I syllabus.
2024.06.01 Introducing a competency framework for languag learning materials ...Sandy Millin
http://sandymillin.wordpress.com/iateflwebinar2024
Published classroom materials form the basis of syllabuses, drive teacher professional development, and have a potentially huge influence on learners, teachers and education systems. All teachers also create their own materials, whether a few sentences on a blackboard, a highly-structured fully-realised online course, or anything in between. Despite this, the knowledge and skills needed to create effective language learning materials are rarely part of teacher training, and are mostly learnt by trial and error.
Knowledge and skills frameworks, generally called competency frameworks, for ELT teachers, trainers and managers have existed for a few years now. However, until I created one for my MA dissertation, there wasn’t one drawing together what we need to know and do to be able to effectively produce language learning materials.
This webinar will introduce you to my framework, highlighting the key competencies I identified from my research. It will also show how anybody involved in language teaching (any language, not just English!), teacher training, managing schools or developing language learning materials can benefit from using the framework.
Model Attribute Check Company Auto PropertyCeline George
In Odoo, the multi-company feature allows you to manage multiple companies within a single Odoo database instance. Each company can have its own configurations while still sharing common resources such as products, customers, and suppliers.
Welcome to TechSoup New Member Orientation and Q&A (May 2024).pdfTechSoup
In this webinar you will learn how your organization can access TechSoup's wide variety of product discount and donation programs. From hardware to software, we'll give you a tour of the tools available to help your nonprofit with productivity, collaboration, financial management, donor tracking, security, and more.
The French Revolution, which began in 1789, was a period of radical social and political upheaval in France. It marked the decline of absolute monarchies, the rise of secular and democratic republics, and the eventual rise of Napoleon Bonaparte. This revolutionary period is crucial in understanding the transition from feudalism to modernity in Europe.
For more information, visit-www.vavaclasses.com
The Art Pastor's Guide to Sabbath | Steve ThomasonSteve Thomason
What is the purpose of the Sabbath Law in the Torah. It is interesting to compare how the context of the law shifts from Exodus to Deuteronomy. Who gets to rest, and why?
How to Split Bills in the Odoo 17 POS ModuleCeline George
Bills have a main role in point of sale procedure. It will help to track sales, handling payments and giving receipts to customers. Bill splitting also has an important role in POS. For example, If some friends come together for dinner and if they want to divide the bill then it is possible by POS bill splitting. This slide will show how to split bills in odoo 17 POS.
Synthetic Fiber Construction in lab .pptxPavel ( NSTU)
Synthetic fiber production is a fascinating and complex field that blends chemistry, engineering, and environmental science. By understanding these aspects, students can gain a comprehensive view of synthetic fiber production, its impact on society and the environment, and the potential for future innovations. Synthetic fibers play a crucial role in modern society, impacting various aspects of daily life, industry, and the environment. ynthetic fibers are integral to modern life, offering a range of benefits from cost-effectiveness and versatility to innovative applications and performance characteristics. While they pose environmental challenges, ongoing research and development aim to create more sustainable and eco-friendly alternatives. Understanding the importance of synthetic fibers helps in appreciating their role in the economy, industry, and daily life, while also emphasizing the need for sustainable practices and innovation.
The Indian economy is classified into different sectors to simplify the analysis and understanding of economic activities. For Class 10, it's essential to grasp the sectors of the Indian economy, understand their characteristics, and recognize their importance. This guide will provide detailed notes on the Sectors of the Indian Economy Class 10, using specific long-tail keywords to enhance comprehension.
For more information, visit-www.vavaclasses.com
27. LE 28-12a
FEEDING, WASTE REMOVAL, AND WATER BALANCE
Contractile
vacuole
Paramecium, like other freshwater
protists, constantly takes in water
by osmosis from the hypotonic
environment. Bladderlike contractile
vacuoles accumulate excess water
from radial canals and periodically
expel it through the plasma membrane.
Paramecium feeds mainly on bacteria.
Rows of cilia along a funnel-shaped oral
groove move food into the cell mouth,
where the food is engulfed into food
vacuoles by phagocytosis.
Oral groove
Cell mouth
Thousands of cilia cover the
surface of Paramecium.
50 µm
Food vacuoles combine with lysosomes.
As the food is digested, the vacuoles
follow a looping path through the cell.
Micronucleus
Macronucleus
The undigested contents of food
vacuoles are released when the
vacuoles fuse with a specialized
region of the plasma membrane
that functions as an anal pore.
28. LE 28-12
FEEDING, WASTE REMOVAL, AND WATER BALANCE
Paramecium, like other freshwater
protists, constantly takes in water
by osmosis from the hypotonic
environment. Bladderlike
contractile vacuoles accumulate
excess water from radial canals
and periodically expel it through
the plasma membrane.
Contractile
vacuole
Paramecium feeds mainly on bacteria.
Rows of cilia along a funnel-shaped oral
groove move food into the cell mouth,
where the food is engulfed into food
vacuoles by phagocytosis.
Oral groove
Cell mouth
Thousands of cilia cover the
surface of Paramecium.
Food vacuoles combine with lysosomes.
As the food is digested, the vacuoles
follow a looping path through the cell.
50 µm
Micronucleus
The undigested contents of food
vacuoles are released when the
vacuoles fuse with a specialized
region of the plasma membrane
that functions as an anal pore.
Macronucleus
CONJUGATION AND REPRODUCTION
Meiosis of micronuclei
produces four haploid
micronuclei in each cell.
Two cells of compatible
mating strains align side by
side and partially fuse.
Compatible
mates
Three micronuclei in each cell
disintegrate. The remaining micronucleus in each cell divides by mitosis.
Macronucleus
The cells swap
one micronucleus.
MEIOSIS
Haploid
micronucleus
Diploid
micronucleus
Diploid
micronucleus
MICRONUCLEAR
FUSION
The cells
separate.
Two rounds of
cytokinesis partition
one maccronucleus
and one
macronucleus into
each of four
daughter cells.
The original
macronucleus
disintegrates. Four
micronuclei become
macronuclei, while
the other four
remain micronuclei.
Micronuclei
Three rounds
of mitosis without fuse, forming
a diploid
cytokinesis
micronucleus.
produce eight
micronuclei.
Key
Conjugation
Reproduction
29. LE 28-12b
CONJUGATION AND REPRODUCTION
Meiosis of micronuclei
Three micronuclei in each cell
produces four haploid
disintegrate. The remaining micromicronuclei in each cell. nucleus in each cell divides by mitosis.
Two cells of compatible
mating strains align side by
side and partially fuse.
Compatible
mates
Macronucleus
The cells swap
one micronucleus.
MEIOSIS
Haploid
micronucleus
Diploid
micronucleus
Diploid
micronucleus
MICRONUCLEAR
FUSION
The cells
separate.
Two rounds of
cytokinesis
partition one
macronucleus and
one macronucleus
into each of four
daughter cells.
The original
macronucleus
disintegrates. Four
micronuclei become
macronuclei, while
the other four
remain micronuclei.
Three rounds
Micronuclei
of mitosis
fuse, forming
without
a diploid
cytokinesis
micronucleus.
produce eight
micronuclei.
Key
Conjugation
Reproduction
44. LE 28-21
C
I
C
L
O
Key
Haploid (n)
Diploid (2n)
Sporangia
D
E
esporangio
V
I
D
A
D
E
L
A
M
I
N
A
R
I
A
MEIOSIS
zoosporas
Zoospores
Esporofito
2n
Femenino
Esporofito en vías
De desarrollo
Gametophytes
(n)
Zygote
(2n)
Gametofito femenino
maduro
(n)
FERTILIZATION
Egg
oosfera
masculino
anterozoide
48. LE 28-20
El alga de mar se
cultiva sobre redes en
aguas costeras poco
profundas. Porphyra
( alga roja )
un operario
esparce las algas de
mar recolectadas
sobre pantallas de
bambú para que se
sequen
lasláminas satinadas de
nori, delgadas como un papel,
constituyen una envoltura rica
en minerales para el arroz,
mariscos y vegetales que
forman el sushi
49. LE 28-28
Dulse (Palmaria palmata). This
edible species has a “leafy” form.
A coralline alga. The cells walls of
corralline algae are hardened by
calcium carbonate. Some coralline
algae are members of the biological
communities called coral reefs.
Bonnemaisonia hamifera, a
filamentous red alga.
Palmaria palmata
51. LE 28-30
20 µm
50 µm
Volox, a colonial freshwater chlorophyte. The colony is a
hollow ball whose wall is composed of hundreds or
thousands of biflagellated cells (see inset LM) embedded in
a gelatinous matrix. The cells are usually connected by
strands of cytoplasm; if isolated, these cells cannot
reproduce. The large colonies seen here will eventually
release the small “daughter” colonies within them (LM).
Calperpa, an
inter-tidal
chlorophyte. The
branched filaments
lack cross-walls and
thus are
multinucleate. In
effect, the thallus is
one huge “supercell.”
Ulva, or sea lettuce. This edible seaweed has a
multicellular thallus differentiated into leaflike
blades and a rootlike holdfast that anchors the
alga against turbulent waves and tides.
52. LE 28-31
Flagella
1 µm
Cell wall
Nucleus
Zoospores
Regions
of single
chloroplast
Key
Haploid (n)
Diploid (2n)
ASEXUAL
REPRODUCTION
SYNGAMY
Mature cell
(n)
SEXUAL
REPRODUCTION
MEIOSIS
Zygote
(2n)
