Protozoans
•Download as PPTX, PDF•
2 likes•136 views
A simple basic power point presentation on protozoans, discribes all the usefull information about protozoans , generally made for medical student of any relative field students.. THANK YOU !!!!!!
Report
Share
Report
Share
Recommended
Schistosomiasis dr.rafal
This document summarizes information about Schistosoma worms and Schistosomiasis (Bilharzia). It describes the classification, morphology, and life cycle of Schistosoma, which involves a snail intermediate host and human final host. Symptoms in humans include acute infection reactions or chronic complications in organs like the liver, intestines, bladder due to egg-induced immune responses. Diagnosis involves microscopic detection of eggs in stool/urine or other tests. Praziquantel is the primary treatment, while prevention focuses on avoiding contaminated freshwater sources.
Internal parasites for micribiology
Internal parasites live within and feed off hosts, often in the intestinal tract, and can be life-threatening. There are three main types of helminths - nematodes, cestodes, and trematodes. Protozoa like Giardia, Entamoeba histolytica, and Coccidia also commonly infect poultry and other animals, potentially causing disease. Diagnosis requires identification of parasites, while treatment involves medication, hygiene practices, and sometimes surgery.
Schistosomiasis
This document discusses the epidemiology, clinical presentation, diagnosis, treatment and control of schistosomiasis. It notes that Schistosoma haematobium causes urinary tract infection and is endemic in Africa, Asia and the Middle East. Common symptoms include blood in the urine, pain and burning during urination. Praziquantel is the recommended treatment, while control measures focus on improving access to clean water and sanitation to reduce transmission.
Balantidium coli
Balantidiasis is caused by the largest protozoa and the only cilliated human parasite called B. coli.
Urinary schistosomiasis
This document provides an overview of urinary schistosomiasis caused by the parasite Schistosoma haematobium. It discusses the epidemiology, pathogenesis, clinical manifestations, diagnosis, treatment, and control efforts. Around 90 million people are infected with S. haematobium, which resides in the veins around the bladder and causes urinary tract symptoms. Without treatment, it can lead to bladder cancer or kidney damage from obstruction. Praziquantel is the treatment of choice but control efforts face challenges in some developing areas.
TRICHURIS TRICHURIA
Trichuris trichiura, commonly known as the whipworm, infects approximately one quarter of the world's population. It resides in the large intestine of humans. Whipworm infection is transmitted via fecal-oral route and is more common in less developed countries with poor sanitation. Heavy infections can cause bloody diarrhea, anemia, and rectal prolapse. Diagnosis involves detecting the barrel-shaped whipworm eggs in stool samples. Treatment includes mebendazole or albendazole which kill the worms. Prevention focuses on proper handwashing and sanitation to avoid ingesting contaminated soil or food.
Helminthic infections
1) Ascaris lumbricoides, or the roundworm, is a large nematode that lives in the small intestine of humans.
2) The female roundworm can grow up to 40 cm long and lays eggs that are passed in feces.
3) The eggs develop into infective larvae outside the body under favorable conditions and can be swallowed, entering the lungs before migrating to the intestines where they mature into adult worms.
Balatidium coli
This document discusses Balantidium coli, a ciliated protozoan parasite that causes the disease balantidiasis in humans. It has two life stages, a motile trophozoite stage that inhabits the large intestine and reproduces, and an infective cyst stage that is transmitted through fecal contamination. Symptoms include diarrhea, dysentery, abdominal pain and ulceration of the intestinal wall. Diagnosis is made by examining stool samples under a microscope. Treatment involves oral antibiotics such as tetracycline or metronidazole.
Recommended
Schistosomiasis dr.rafal
This document summarizes information about Schistosoma worms and Schistosomiasis (Bilharzia). It describes the classification, morphology, and life cycle of Schistosoma, which involves a snail intermediate host and human final host. Symptoms in humans include acute infection reactions or chronic complications in organs like the liver, intestines, bladder due to egg-induced immune responses. Diagnosis involves microscopic detection of eggs in stool/urine or other tests. Praziquantel is the primary treatment, while prevention focuses on avoiding contaminated freshwater sources.
Internal parasites for micribiology
Internal parasites live within and feed off hosts, often in the intestinal tract, and can be life-threatening. There are three main types of helminths - nematodes, cestodes, and trematodes. Protozoa like Giardia, Entamoeba histolytica, and Coccidia also commonly infect poultry and other animals, potentially causing disease. Diagnosis requires identification of parasites, while treatment involves medication, hygiene practices, and sometimes surgery.
Schistosomiasis
This document discusses the epidemiology, clinical presentation, diagnosis, treatment and control of schistosomiasis. It notes that Schistosoma haematobium causes urinary tract infection and is endemic in Africa, Asia and the Middle East. Common symptoms include blood in the urine, pain and burning during urination. Praziquantel is the recommended treatment, while control measures focus on improving access to clean water and sanitation to reduce transmission.
Balantidium coli
Balantidiasis is caused by the largest protozoa and the only cilliated human parasite called B. coli.
Urinary schistosomiasis
This document provides an overview of urinary schistosomiasis caused by the parasite Schistosoma haematobium. It discusses the epidemiology, pathogenesis, clinical manifestations, diagnosis, treatment, and control efforts. Around 90 million people are infected with S. haematobium, which resides in the veins around the bladder and causes urinary tract symptoms. Without treatment, it can lead to bladder cancer or kidney damage from obstruction. Praziquantel is the treatment of choice but control efforts face challenges in some developing areas.
TRICHURIS TRICHURIA
Trichuris trichiura, commonly known as the whipworm, infects approximately one quarter of the world's population. It resides in the large intestine of humans. Whipworm infection is transmitted via fecal-oral route and is more common in less developed countries with poor sanitation. Heavy infections can cause bloody diarrhea, anemia, and rectal prolapse. Diagnosis involves detecting the barrel-shaped whipworm eggs in stool samples. Treatment includes mebendazole or albendazole which kill the worms. Prevention focuses on proper handwashing and sanitation to avoid ingesting contaminated soil or food.
Helminthic infections
1) Ascaris lumbricoides, or the roundworm, is a large nematode that lives in the small intestine of humans.
2) The female roundworm can grow up to 40 cm long and lays eggs that are passed in feces.
3) The eggs develop into infective larvae outside the body under favorable conditions and can be swallowed, entering the lungs before migrating to the intestines where they mature into adult worms.
Balatidium coli
This document discusses Balantidium coli, a ciliated protozoan parasite that causes the disease balantidiasis in humans. It has two life stages, a motile trophozoite stage that inhabits the large intestine and reproduces, and an infective cyst stage that is transmitted through fecal contamination. Symptoms include diarrhea, dysentery, abdominal pain and ulceration of the intestinal wall. Diagnosis is made by examining stool samples under a microscope. Treatment involves oral antibiotics such as tetracycline or metronidazole.
Entamaeba, Balantidium, Gardia, Trichomonas
This document summarizes four intestinal parasites: Entamoeba histolytica, Balantidium coli, Trichomonas vaginalis, and Giardia lamblia. It describes their classification, transmission, sites of infection, clinical manifestations, and laboratory diagnosis. Entamoeba histolytica can cause intestinal or extra-intestinal amoebiasis by forming ulcers in the intestine or other organs. Balantidium coli causes colitis and other infections of the large intestine. Trichomonas vaginalis causes vaginitis or urethritis through sexual contact. Giardia lamblia causes giardiasis through a fecal-oral route and leads to diarrhea and malabsorption.
Schistosomiasis
This document provides an overview of schistosomiasis (snail fever) including its history, epidemiology, life cycle, pathogenesis, clinical features, diagnosis, treatment and complications. It notes that schistosomiasis is commonly found in places with poor sanitation and affects school-aged children. The main types that infect humans are S. mansoni, S. haematobium, and S. japonicum, which are found throughout Africa and parts of Asia. Acute schistosomiasis presents with fever and myalgia while chronic infection can lead to organ damage like hepatic fibrosis, bladder cancer, and pulmonary hypertension. Diagnosis involves finding parasite eggs microscopically in stool or
Trematode
The document discusses several species of trematodes (parasitic flatworms) that infect humans, including their life cycles, transmission, pathogenesis, clinical findings, and diagnosis. It covers the important trematodes Schistosoma (blood flukes), Clonorchis sinensis (liver fluke), Paragonimus westermani (lung fluke), Fasciola hepatica, and Fasciolopsis buski. It provides details on the life cycles, symptoms, and laboratory diagnosis of Schistosoma and Fasciola infections.
Helminthiasis
This document discusses several types of helminthiasis (parasitic worm infections). It summarizes filariasis, which is caused by nematodes transmitted by insects and causes lymphatic obstruction. It also discusses intestinal nematodes like ascariasis (roundworm), ancylostoma hookworm, and enterobius (pinworm) which are transmitted orally and can cause nutritional deficiencies, anemia, or irritation. Treatment involves anthelmintic drugs like albendazole while prevention relies on sanitation and hygiene practices.
Trichuris trichura(whip-worm)
This document summarizes information about the whipworm (Trichuris trichura) including its morphology, life cycle, pathogenesis, clinical features, diagnosis, treatment and prevention. It notes that the adult worm is 50mm long with a thicker posterior end. Eggs measure 50-54 by 22-23 micrometers and contain unembryonated eggs that are passed in stool. The life cycle involves ingestion of eggs which hatch and develop into adults in the intestines. Clinical features range from asymptomatic to digestive disturbances depending on worm burden. Diagnosis involves examining stool for eggs using iodine or histopathology of intestinal mucosa. Treatment involves albendazole or mebendazole.
Trichuris trichiura
Trichuris trichiura, also known as the whipworm, inhabits the large intestine of humans. The female produces 2,000-10,000 eggs per day which are passed in feces. Eggs become infective in soil after 2-3 weeks. People are infected by ingesting infective eggs from contaminated food, water, or hands. Worms attach to the intestinal mucosa and can live up to 5 years. Heavy infections may cause symptoms like bloody mucus stool. Diagnosis is by finding eggs in stool samples through sedimentation or flotation techniques.
Shistosoma species
S. mansoni and S. japonicum are parasitic flatworm species that cause schistosomiasis. They have complex multi-stage life cycles involving freshwater snail intermediate hosts and human definitive hosts. In humans, the worms reside in veins of the intestines or liver and cause symptoms like abdominal pain or blood in the stool or urine. Diagnosis involves examining stool or urine for eggs. Treatment options include praziquantel and oxamniquine. Prevention focuses on improving sanitation and limiting contact with infected freshwater.
Intestinal Nematodes
The document discusses several intestinal nematodes (roundworms) that infect humans, including their life cycles, transmission, pathogenesis, clinical findings, and diagnosis. It covers Enterobius (pinworm), Trichuris (whipworm), Ascaris (giant roundworm), hookworms (Necator and Ancylostoma), and Strongyloides. The nematodes have complex life cycles involving egg and larval stages, with transmission occurring through ingestion of eggs or larval penetration of skin. Symptoms range from pruritus to diarrhea and anemia. Diagnosis involves microscopic identification of eggs in stool samples, with larvae seen in stool for Strongyloides.
Trichuris trichiura
Trichuris trichiura, also known as the human whipworm, is a soil-transmitted helminth that infects approximately 500 million people worldwide, particularly children aged 5 to 14 in urban disadvantaged communities located in moist tropical regions. The worms are flesh-colored, slender, and smaller than Ascaris. They attach to the cecum and colon where the female lays barrel-shaped eggs with thick brown shells. Heavy infections can cause anemia, diarrhea, hypoalbuminemia, and prolapsed anus or rectum due to ulceration from feeding on intestinal tissues.
Helminthic infections in pediatrics
This document discusses helminthic infections, which are caused by three groups of parasitic worms that commonly affect children in developing countries. It outlines the symptoms, diagnosis, and treatment of different worm infections caused by nematodes (roundworms), cestodes (tapeworms), and trematodes (flukes). Tapeworm infections can cause cysts in various parts of the body including the brain, and neurocysticercosis presents with seizures and neurological deficits. Diagnosis involves examination of stool samples and imaging tests. Common treatments include albendazole, mebendazole, praziquantel, and anti-seizure medications depending on the worm and location of infection.
Genitourinary Schistosomiasis
Schistosomiasis is a parasitic disease caused by several species of flatworm. It affects over 200 million people in developing countries. People can become infected by wading or swimming in freshwater bodies inhabited by snails that carry the parasite larvae. The parasite has a complex lifecycle involving snail and human hosts. In humans, the larvae mature into adult worms that reside in blood vessels and release eggs, which can cause immune reactions and organ damage. Symptoms range from rash and fever during initial infection to long-term issues like bladder polyps, kidney failure, and cancer. Diagnosis involves detecting parasite eggs in stool or urine samples, and treatment is usually with the drug praziquantel.
Trichuris trichiura
Trichuris trichuria, also known as the whipworm, is a soil-transmitted helminth that inhabits the large intestine. The male worm is 30-45mm while the female is 35-50mm. The female lays 3,000-10,000 eggs per day that are passed in feces. Under favorable conditions, the eggs embryonate in 2-3 weeks and can cause infection if swallowed. Heavy infections can cause symptoms like bloody diarrhea, abdominal pain, and anemia. Diagnosis is via stool examination and treatment is with mebendazole or albendazole.
Balantidium Coli
Balantidium coli is a protozoan parasite that causes the disease balantidiasis in humans. It has two stages - a trophozoite stage where it reproduces and feeds, and an infective cyst stage. Humans typically become infected through ingesting cysts from fecally contaminated food or water. The cysts excyst in the small intestine and trophozoites take up residence in the large intestine, where they can cause symptoms like diarrhea, abdominal pain, and dysentery. Diagnosis is via stool examination or biopsy. Treatment involves antibiotics like tetracycline, metronidazole, or iodoquinol. Prevention focuses on sanitary disposal of human and pig feces to avoid
Trichuris trichiura
Trichuris trichiura, also known as the whipworm, is a soil-transmitted helminth infection that infects around one quarter of the world's population. It is most common in tropical parts of Asia, Africa, and South America. Adults are pinkish-gray worms that live in the cecum and colon, with females being 3-5 cm long. Eggs are barrel-shaped and 50 μm in size. The life cycle involves ingestion of eggs from soil which hatch and develop into adults over 3 months without an intermediate host. Heavy infections can cause bloody diarrhea, anemia, and prolapse of the anus. Diagnosis is via stool examination and treatment is usually mebendaz
Schistosomiasis
Schistosomiasis is caused by Schistosoma parasites. It is transmitted through skin contact with fresh water contaminated with parasite larvae from infected snails. The parasite eggs travel to the liver and intestines causing inflammation and damage over time. Acute symptoms include fever and rash while chronic cases lead to liver and intestinal damage. Diagnosis is confirmed by finding parasite eggs in stool or biopsy samples. Praziquantel treatment is effective against all stages of infection. Prevention relies on sanitation to stop the transmission cycle between humans and snails in fresh water sources.
Ancylostoma duodenale (hookwormi)2015
- Ancylostoma duodenale, commonly known as the old world hookworm, infects humans in tropical and subtropical regions. It lives in the small intestine and feeds on host blood, causing iron-deficiency anemia.
- The adult worm lays eggs that pass in feces and hatch as larvae in soil. These larvae penetrate the skin, migrate through lungs, are swallowed and mature in the small intestine.
- Infection causes ground itch, creeping eruption, and iron-deficiency anemia marked by pallor and weakness. Diagnosis involves finding eggs in feces or larvae in sputum. Treatment includes albendazole and iron supplements.
Intestinal helminths
Common gut parasites that infect humans include helminths (worms) and protozoa. Four main soil-transmitted helminths that can infect the gut are Ascaris lumbricoides, Trichuris trichiura, Ancylostoma duodenale, and Necator americanus. Ascaris is the most widespread human gut nematode found primarily in tropical areas with poor sanitation. It has an indirect life cycle where eggs passed in feces must mature in soil before being infectious. Symptoms are often mild but can include abdominal pain and obstruction. Diagnosis is by finding eggs in stool and treatment involves anthelmintic drugs. Löeffler syndrome is a rare lung condition
Trichuris trichuria
Trichuris trichiura, commonly known as the whipworm, infects the large intestine of humans. It is transmitted through contact with contaminated fecal matter. The whipworm attaches to the intestinal wall and feeds on secretions, potentially causing bloody diarrhea, anemia, and rectal prolapse. Diagnosis involves finding the parasite's barrel-shaped eggs on stool smear. Treatment involves anthelmintic drugs that kill the worms. Prevention focuses on handwashing and avoiding consumption of contaminated food or soil.
Helminthiasis
Helminthiasis is a disease caused by parasitic worms infecting the body. It is transmitted through fecal-oral contact or skin penetration. Common types include ascariasis, trichuriasis, and hookworm caused by roundworms or tapeworms. Symptoms include abdominal pain, diarrhea, fatigue, and weight loss. Diagnosis involves finding worm eggs in stool samples. Prevention focuses on sanitary disposal of human waste, health education around food and water safety, and mass deworming treatments.
30. human pathogen helminthic parasites
This document summarizes several human pathogen helminth parasites classified into three groups - Trematoda, Cestoda, and Nematoda. Key details are provided on the life cycles, transmission, clinical symptoms, diagnosis, treatment and prevention of Fasciola hepatica (sheep liver fluke), Taenia solium (pork tapeworm), Taenia saginata (beef tapeworm), Ascaris lumbricoids (human roundworm), Ancylostoma duodenale (hookworm), Wuchereria bancrofti (filarial worm), and Drancunculus medinesis (guinea worm).
Trichomonas
Trichomonas is a genus of protozoan parasites that can infect humans and animals. Trichomonas vaginalis specifically is the causative agent of trichomoniasis, a sexually transmitted infection. It is transmitted between sexual partners and can infect the vagina in women and urethra in men. Symptoms in women include vaginitis while men are often asymptomatic. Diagnosis involves microscopic examination of vaginal or urethral secretions to detect the motile trophozoites. Metronidazole treatment is effective but both partners must be treated to prevent reinfection. Prevention involves safe sexual practices and screening/treatment of infected individuals.
Protozoa and Helminth Parasites ppt by Dr.Prince.C.P
PPT prepared by :Dr.Prince.C.P
Associate Professor & HOD , Department of Microbiology,
Mother Theresa Post Graduate & Research Institute of Health Sciences (Government of Puducherry Institution)
Medical Parasitology is the subject which deals with the parasites that infect human being, the diseases caused by them, clinical feature and the response generated by human being against them. It's also concerned with the various methods of their diagnosis, treatment and finally their prevention & control.
An ova or cyst or egg is detected by microscopic evaluation of a stool sample that is used to look for parasites that may infect the lower digestive tract, causing symptoms such as diarrhoea. The parasites and their eggs (ova) are shed from the lower digestive tract into the stool
Stool examination (Microscopic) is performed for the diagnosis of following parasitic infections
1. Protozoa • Entamoeba histolytica • Giardia lamblia • intestinal coccidian parasites (i) Cryptosporidium parvum (ii) Cyclospora (iii) Isospora • Balantidium coli
2. Helminthes • nematodes: (i) Ascaris lumbricoides (ii) Trichuris trichuria
(Iii) hookworm • Ancylostoma duodenale • Nectar americans (iv) Strongyloides stercoralis
Cestodes: (i) Taenia spp • T. Saginata • T.Solium (ii) Hymenolepsis nana (iii) Enterobius vermicularis
More Related Content
What's hot
Entamaeba, Balantidium, Gardia, Trichomonas
This document summarizes four intestinal parasites: Entamoeba histolytica, Balantidium coli, Trichomonas vaginalis, and Giardia lamblia. It describes their classification, transmission, sites of infection, clinical manifestations, and laboratory diagnosis. Entamoeba histolytica can cause intestinal or extra-intestinal amoebiasis by forming ulcers in the intestine or other organs. Balantidium coli causes colitis and other infections of the large intestine. Trichomonas vaginalis causes vaginitis or urethritis through sexual contact. Giardia lamblia causes giardiasis through a fecal-oral route and leads to diarrhea and malabsorption.
Schistosomiasis
This document provides an overview of schistosomiasis (snail fever) including its history, epidemiology, life cycle, pathogenesis, clinical features, diagnosis, treatment and complications. It notes that schistosomiasis is commonly found in places with poor sanitation and affects school-aged children. The main types that infect humans are S. mansoni, S. haematobium, and S. japonicum, which are found throughout Africa and parts of Asia. Acute schistosomiasis presents with fever and myalgia while chronic infection can lead to organ damage like hepatic fibrosis, bladder cancer, and pulmonary hypertension. Diagnosis involves finding parasite eggs microscopically in stool or
Trematode
The document discusses several species of trematodes (parasitic flatworms) that infect humans, including their life cycles, transmission, pathogenesis, clinical findings, and diagnosis. It covers the important trematodes Schistosoma (blood flukes), Clonorchis sinensis (liver fluke), Paragonimus westermani (lung fluke), Fasciola hepatica, and Fasciolopsis buski. It provides details on the life cycles, symptoms, and laboratory diagnosis of Schistosoma and Fasciola infections.
Helminthiasis
This document discusses several types of helminthiasis (parasitic worm infections). It summarizes filariasis, which is caused by nematodes transmitted by insects and causes lymphatic obstruction. It also discusses intestinal nematodes like ascariasis (roundworm), ancylostoma hookworm, and enterobius (pinworm) which are transmitted orally and can cause nutritional deficiencies, anemia, or irritation. Treatment involves anthelmintic drugs like albendazole while prevention relies on sanitation and hygiene practices.
Trichuris trichura(whip-worm)
This document summarizes information about the whipworm (Trichuris trichura) including its morphology, life cycle, pathogenesis, clinical features, diagnosis, treatment and prevention. It notes that the adult worm is 50mm long with a thicker posterior end. Eggs measure 50-54 by 22-23 micrometers and contain unembryonated eggs that are passed in stool. The life cycle involves ingestion of eggs which hatch and develop into adults in the intestines. Clinical features range from asymptomatic to digestive disturbances depending on worm burden. Diagnosis involves examining stool for eggs using iodine or histopathology of intestinal mucosa. Treatment involves albendazole or mebendazole.
Trichuris trichiura
Trichuris trichiura, also known as the whipworm, inhabits the large intestine of humans. The female produces 2,000-10,000 eggs per day which are passed in feces. Eggs become infective in soil after 2-3 weeks. People are infected by ingesting infective eggs from contaminated food, water, or hands. Worms attach to the intestinal mucosa and can live up to 5 years. Heavy infections may cause symptoms like bloody mucus stool. Diagnosis is by finding eggs in stool samples through sedimentation or flotation techniques.
Shistosoma species
S. mansoni and S. japonicum are parasitic flatworm species that cause schistosomiasis. They have complex multi-stage life cycles involving freshwater snail intermediate hosts and human definitive hosts. In humans, the worms reside in veins of the intestines or liver and cause symptoms like abdominal pain or blood in the stool or urine. Diagnosis involves examining stool or urine for eggs. Treatment options include praziquantel and oxamniquine. Prevention focuses on improving sanitation and limiting contact with infected freshwater.
Intestinal Nematodes
The document discusses several intestinal nematodes (roundworms) that infect humans, including their life cycles, transmission, pathogenesis, clinical findings, and diagnosis. It covers Enterobius (pinworm), Trichuris (whipworm), Ascaris (giant roundworm), hookworms (Necator and Ancylostoma), and Strongyloides. The nematodes have complex life cycles involving egg and larval stages, with transmission occurring through ingestion of eggs or larval penetration of skin. Symptoms range from pruritus to diarrhea and anemia. Diagnosis involves microscopic identification of eggs in stool samples, with larvae seen in stool for Strongyloides.
Trichuris trichiura
Trichuris trichiura, also known as the human whipworm, is a soil-transmitted helminth that infects approximately 500 million people worldwide, particularly children aged 5 to 14 in urban disadvantaged communities located in moist tropical regions. The worms are flesh-colored, slender, and smaller than Ascaris. They attach to the cecum and colon where the female lays barrel-shaped eggs with thick brown shells. Heavy infections can cause anemia, diarrhea, hypoalbuminemia, and prolapsed anus or rectum due to ulceration from feeding on intestinal tissues.
Helminthic infections in pediatrics
This document discusses helminthic infections, which are caused by three groups of parasitic worms that commonly affect children in developing countries. It outlines the symptoms, diagnosis, and treatment of different worm infections caused by nematodes (roundworms), cestodes (tapeworms), and trematodes (flukes). Tapeworm infections can cause cysts in various parts of the body including the brain, and neurocysticercosis presents with seizures and neurological deficits. Diagnosis involves examination of stool samples and imaging tests. Common treatments include albendazole, mebendazole, praziquantel, and anti-seizure medications depending on the worm and location of infection.
Genitourinary Schistosomiasis
Schistosomiasis is a parasitic disease caused by several species of flatworm. It affects over 200 million people in developing countries. People can become infected by wading or swimming in freshwater bodies inhabited by snails that carry the parasite larvae. The parasite has a complex lifecycle involving snail and human hosts. In humans, the larvae mature into adult worms that reside in blood vessels and release eggs, which can cause immune reactions and organ damage. Symptoms range from rash and fever during initial infection to long-term issues like bladder polyps, kidney failure, and cancer. Diagnosis involves detecting parasite eggs in stool or urine samples, and treatment is usually with the drug praziquantel.
Trichuris trichiura
Trichuris trichuria, also known as the whipworm, is a soil-transmitted helminth that inhabits the large intestine. The male worm is 30-45mm while the female is 35-50mm. The female lays 3,000-10,000 eggs per day that are passed in feces. Under favorable conditions, the eggs embryonate in 2-3 weeks and can cause infection if swallowed. Heavy infections can cause symptoms like bloody diarrhea, abdominal pain, and anemia. Diagnosis is via stool examination and treatment is with mebendazole or albendazole.
Balantidium Coli
Balantidium coli is a protozoan parasite that causes the disease balantidiasis in humans. It has two stages - a trophozoite stage where it reproduces and feeds, and an infective cyst stage. Humans typically become infected through ingesting cysts from fecally contaminated food or water. The cysts excyst in the small intestine and trophozoites take up residence in the large intestine, where they can cause symptoms like diarrhea, abdominal pain, and dysentery. Diagnosis is via stool examination or biopsy. Treatment involves antibiotics like tetracycline, metronidazole, or iodoquinol. Prevention focuses on sanitary disposal of human and pig feces to avoid
Trichuris trichiura
Trichuris trichiura, also known as the whipworm, is a soil-transmitted helminth infection that infects around one quarter of the world's population. It is most common in tropical parts of Asia, Africa, and South America. Adults are pinkish-gray worms that live in the cecum and colon, with females being 3-5 cm long. Eggs are barrel-shaped and 50 μm in size. The life cycle involves ingestion of eggs from soil which hatch and develop into adults over 3 months without an intermediate host. Heavy infections can cause bloody diarrhea, anemia, and prolapse of the anus. Diagnosis is via stool examination and treatment is usually mebendaz
Schistosomiasis
Schistosomiasis is caused by Schistosoma parasites. It is transmitted through skin contact with fresh water contaminated with parasite larvae from infected snails. The parasite eggs travel to the liver and intestines causing inflammation and damage over time. Acute symptoms include fever and rash while chronic cases lead to liver and intestinal damage. Diagnosis is confirmed by finding parasite eggs in stool or biopsy samples. Praziquantel treatment is effective against all stages of infection. Prevention relies on sanitation to stop the transmission cycle between humans and snails in fresh water sources.
Ancylostoma duodenale (hookwormi)2015
- Ancylostoma duodenale, commonly known as the old world hookworm, infects humans in tropical and subtropical regions. It lives in the small intestine and feeds on host blood, causing iron-deficiency anemia.
- The adult worm lays eggs that pass in feces and hatch as larvae in soil. These larvae penetrate the skin, migrate through lungs, are swallowed and mature in the small intestine.
- Infection causes ground itch, creeping eruption, and iron-deficiency anemia marked by pallor and weakness. Diagnosis involves finding eggs in feces or larvae in sputum. Treatment includes albendazole and iron supplements.
Intestinal helminths
Common gut parasites that infect humans include helminths (worms) and protozoa. Four main soil-transmitted helminths that can infect the gut are Ascaris lumbricoides, Trichuris trichiura, Ancylostoma duodenale, and Necator americanus. Ascaris is the most widespread human gut nematode found primarily in tropical areas with poor sanitation. It has an indirect life cycle where eggs passed in feces must mature in soil before being infectious. Symptoms are often mild but can include abdominal pain and obstruction. Diagnosis is by finding eggs in stool and treatment involves anthelmintic drugs. Löeffler syndrome is a rare lung condition
Trichuris trichuria
Trichuris trichiura, commonly known as the whipworm, infects the large intestine of humans. It is transmitted through contact with contaminated fecal matter. The whipworm attaches to the intestinal wall and feeds on secretions, potentially causing bloody diarrhea, anemia, and rectal prolapse. Diagnosis involves finding the parasite's barrel-shaped eggs on stool smear. Treatment involves anthelmintic drugs that kill the worms. Prevention focuses on handwashing and avoiding consumption of contaminated food or soil.
Helminthiasis
Helminthiasis is a disease caused by parasitic worms infecting the body. It is transmitted through fecal-oral contact or skin penetration. Common types include ascariasis, trichuriasis, and hookworm caused by roundworms or tapeworms. Symptoms include abdominal pain, diarrhea, fatigue, and weight loss. Diagnosis involves finding worm eggs in stool samples. Prevention focuses on sanitary disposal of human waste, health education around food and water safety, and mass deworming treatments.
30. human pathogen helminthic parasites
This document summarizes several human pathogen helminth parasites classified into three groups - Trematoda, Cestoda, and Nematoda. Key details are provided on the life cycles, transmission, clinical symptoms, diagnosis, treatment and prevention of Fasciola hepatica (sheep liver fluke), Taenia solium (pork tapeworm), Taenia saginata (beef tapeworm), Ascaris lumbricoids (human roundworm), Ancylostoma duodenale (hookworm), Wuchereria bancrofti (filarial worm), and Drancunculus medinesis (guinea worm).
What's hot (20)
Similar to Protozoans
Trichomonas
Trichomonas is a genus of protozoan parasites that can infect humans and animals. Trichomonas vaginalis specifically is the causative agent of trichomoniasis, a sexually transmitted infection. It is transmitted between sexual partners and can infect the vagina in women and urethra in men. Symptoms in women include vaginitis while men are often asymptomatic. Diagnosis involves microscopic examination of vaginal or urethral secretions to detect the motile trophozoites. Metronidazole treatment is effective but both partners must be treated to prevent reinfection. Prevention involves safe sexual practices and screening/treatment of infected individuals.
Protozoa and Helminth Parasites ppt by Dr.Prince.C.P
PPT prepared by :Dr.Prince.C.P
Associate Professor & HOD , Department of Microbiology,
Mother Theresa Post Graduate & Research Institute of Health Sciences (Government of Puducherry Institution)
Medical Parasitology is the subject which deals with the parasites that infect human being, the diseases caused by them, clinical feature and the response generated by human being against them. It's also concerned with the various methods of their diagnosis, treatment and finally their prevention & control.
An ova or cyst or egg is detected by microscopic evaluation of a stool sample that is used to look for parasites that may infect the lower digestive tract, causing symptoms such as diarrhoea. The parasites and their eggs (ova) are shed from the lower digestive tract into the stool
Stool examination (Microscopic) is performed for the diagnosis of following parasitic infections
1. Protozoa • Entamoeba histolytica • Giardia lamblia • intestinal coccidian parasites (i) Cryptosporidium parvum (ii) Cyclospora (iii) Isospora • Balantidium coli
2. Helminthes • nematodes: (i) Ascaris lumbricoides (ii) Trichuris trichuria
(Iii) hookworm • Ancylostoma duodenale • Nectar americans (iv) Strongyloides stercoralis
Cestodes: (i) Taenia spp • T. Saginata • T.Solium (ii) Hymenolepsis nana (iii) Enterobius vermicularis
Microbiology, infections & antibiotics
Microbiology is the study of microorganisms like bacteria, viruses, parasites and fungi. Bacteria can be classified based on their shape, staining properties and oxygen requirements. Common bacterial infections include urinary tract infections caused by E. coli, respiratory infections caused by Streptococcus pneumoniae, and skin infections presented as abscesses. Diagnosis of infections involves direct examination of samples or indirect tests of blood and urine. Antibiotics are used to treat bacterial infections, but some bacteria have developed resistance.
Microbiology &Antibiotics
Microbiology is the study of microorganisms like bacteria, viruses, parasites and fungi. Bacteria can be classified based on their shape, staining properties and oxygen requirements. Common bacterial infections include urinary tract infections, respiratory infections, gastrointestinal infections, skin and soft tissue infections and postoperative infections. Antimicrobial agents used to treat infections include antibiotics, antiseptics and disinfectants.
25- Genital tract infection.ppt
Genital tract infections are common and have various causes such as bacteria, viruses, parasites and fungi. Candida albicans causes monilia or thrush and presents with thick white discharge and itching. Trichomonas vaginalis, a parasite, causes a frothy greenish discharge and is treated with metronidazole. Chlamydia trachomatis infects the cervix and can spread to the fallopian tubes, potentially causing pelvic inflammatory disease. Gonorrhea due to Neisseria gonorrhoeae also spreads easily and may infect the urethra, rectum, or pharynx. Prevention through abstinence or condom use and testing and treatment of
microbiology imp. Flagellates ppt
This document summarizes flagellates, including their classification, morphology, and life cycles. It focuses on Giardia intestinalis and Trichomonas vaginalis. G. intestinalis has trophozoite and cyst stages, with the cyst being infective. It causes giardiasis by damaging the intestinal epithelium. T. vaginalis only exists as a trophozoite and causes trichomoniasis through overgrowth in the vagina when pH increases. Both can be diagnosed via microscopy of stool or vaginal samples and treated with metronidazole or tinidazole.
Trematodes MW.ppt
Trematodes, also known as flukes, are flatworm parasites that attach to their host using suckers. They have a digestive system consisting of a mouth and esophagus leading to intestinal caeca but no anus. Major groups of flukes include blood flukes, liver flukes, lung flukes, and intestinal flukes. The life cycle involves sexually mature adults in the definitive host shedding eggs, which are excreted and hatch in water, infecting an intermediate snail host and developing into cercariae that infect the definitive host directly or via an intermediate host. A notable example is Schistosoma, the blood flukes, which reside in blood vessels and cause schistosomias
Protozoa kb
The document discusses various intestinal protozoa including Giardia lamblia, Entamoeba histolytica, Balantidium coli, and Trichomonas vaginalis. It describes their life cycles, modes of transmission through fecal-oral routes, clinical presentations including diarrhea and abdominal pain, and treatments. The document also discusses protozoa that can infect other parts of the body like Naegleria sp. and Acanthamoeba sp. that can cause fatal meningoencephalitis if they enter the brain through the nose or eyes.
03 female inlammatory diseases
PID is inflammation of the female upper genital tract that is usually caused by an ascending infection from untreated STDs like chlamydia or gonorrhea. It can lead to complications like pelvic pain, infertility, and ectopic pregnancy. Symptoms include abdominal pain and vaginal discharge, but are sometimes absent. Diagnosis involves examination, imaging, and ruling out other potential causes. Treatment requires antibiotics and potentially surgery for abscesses. Prevention involves screening, partner treatment, condom use, and health education.
Gonorrhea
Gonorrhea is a common sexually transmitted infection caused by the bacterium Neisseria gonorrhoeae. It can infect the genital tract and other areas like the throat and rectum. Left untreated, it can lead to complications like pelvic inflammatory disease and infertility. While antibiotics can effectively treat gonorrhea, drug resistance has emerged, requiring the use of alternative antibiotic regimens. Preventing the spread of gonorrhea relies on safe sexual practices and promptly diagnosing and treating infected individuals and their partners.
Worm infestation Dr NANDINI R
Worm infections are caused by parasitic worms that can infect humans. Some key points:
- Archaeological evidence finds worm eggs in ancient human remains from 5000 BC in Brazil and 2000 BC in Egyptian mummies, showing humans have had worms for thousands of years.
- Common human worms include hookworms, which infect over 400 million people worldwide and cause anemia, and tapeworms like Taenia solium and Echinococcus granulosus.
- Worms have complex life cycles involving eggs passing from infected humans or animals into the environment, infecting intermediate hosts, and being eaten undercooked to infect new human hosts. Symptoms depend on the worm but include abdominal pain, diarrhea, anemia,
29. parasites
- A parasite is an organism that lives on or inside another organism and obtains nutrients from its host without providing anything in return. Parasitology is the study of parasites, excluding bacteria, fungi, and viruses. Major human parasites are classified as intestinal or blood-borne. Important intestinal parasites include Entamoeba histolytica and Giardia intestinalis, while major blood parasites are Trypanosoma gambiense, Leishmania donovani, and Plasmodium species which cause malaria. The life cycles of these parasites involve transmission between human and insect hosts.
subcutaneous Mycosis & systemic mycosis
Fungal infection of animals.
By Mycosa /Mycotic organisms.
Fungi like aspergillus, histoplasma / pathogenic forms.
Inhaling spores/ colonization on skin may initiate persistent infections.
People being treated with antibiotics are more prone to it.
Pathogens
A pathogen is a microorganism that can cause disease. There are five main types of pathogenic organisms: viruses, bacteria, fungi, protozoa, and worms. Viruses and bacteria are the most common pathogens, and include organisms such as influenza, HIV, E. coli, and Salmonella that infect humans through airborne transmission, bodily fluids, food/water, or insect bites.
Soil transmitted helminths
Soil-transmitted helminths like Ascaris lumbricoides, Trichuris trichiura, and hookworms infect approximately 2 billion people worldwide. They are transmitted through contaminated soil and water. The worms cause diseases by inhabiting the intestines and feeding on tissues or blood, potentially leading to anemia, malnutrition, and impaired development. Diagnosis involves examining stool samples microscopically for worm eggs. Treatment involves anthelmintic drugs, while prevention focuses on improved sanitation and hygiene to reduce environmental contamination.
Male genital system
This document discusses diseases of the male genital tract, including the penis, testis/epididymis, and prostate. For the penis, it describes congenital defects, infections, and tumors. It outlines congenital issues, atrophy, infections, vascular diseases, and tumors that can affect the testis and epididymis. These include cryptorchidism, mumps infection, and germ cell tumors. Finally, it discusses prostatitis, benign prostatic hyperplasia, prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia, staging of prostate cancer, and the use of PSA testing to screen for and monitor prostate cancer.
Bilharziosis (5)
The document discusses various parasitic diseases including schistosomiasis and echinococcosis. It describes the causative agents, transmission, pathogenesis and complications of schistosomiasis including urinary schistosomiasis and intestinal schistosomiasis. Long-term infection with urinary schistosomiasis can lead to squamous cell carcinoma of the bladder due to chronic irritation and squamous metaplasia. Hydatid cysts caused by echinococcus granulosus are also discussed, including their gross and microscopic appearance. Images show examples of lesions caused by these parasitic infections.
Parasitic diseases.pptx
This document provides an overview of parasitic diseases, discussing protozoan and helminth infections that impact human and animal health globally. It outlines the life cycles and transmission routes of diseases like malaria, amoebiasis, ascariasis, hookworm infections, schistosomiasis, and others. While chemotherapy is currently the primary treatment approach, vaccines and immunotherapy are being developed to help control and eliminate parasitic infections.
8 diseases of the urinary and reproductive system
The document discusses several bacterial and viral diseases that can infect the urinary and reproductive systems. It provides details on causative agents, transmission methods, symptoms, prevention, and treatment for various diseases. Key diseases mentioned include cystitis, pyelonephritis, prostatitis, gonorrhea, syphilis, chlamydia, herpes, and others. The urinary tract has defenses against infection but is susceptible when those are breached, such as through sexual contact or medical procedures. Symptoms vary but can include inflammation in bladder, urethra, kidneys and other organs if left untreated.
BIOLOGY-GRADES-9-STUDENTS-UNIT-4.2P.pptx
This document provides information on various diseases including those caused by microorganisms. It discusses tapeworms, tuberculosis, malaria transmitted by mosquitoes, gastroenteritis, cholera, typhoid, and sexually transmitted diseases. Tapeworms are flat worms that can parasitize the human intestine and have a complex life cycle involving two hosts. Tuberculosis is caused by bacteria and can affect the lungs and other organs. Malaria has a life cycle that involves transmission between humans and mosquitoes. Common STDs discussed include gonorrhea, syphilis, and chancroid which are bacterial infections spread through sexual contact.
Similar to Protozoans (20)
Protozoa and Helminth Parasites ppt by Dr.Prince.C.P
Protozoa and Helminth Parasites ppt by Dr.Prince.C.P
Recently uploaded
SENSORY NEEDS B.SC. NURSING SEMESTER II.
Sensation is the neurological process by which we become aware of surrounding environment.
Artificial Intelligence Symposium (THAIS)
Artificial Intelligence Symposium (THAIS). Parc Taulí. Sabadell
CLEAR ALIGNER THERAPY IN ORTHODONTICS .pptx
Dr. ZANAB FARHEEN FAYAZ ,MDS(ORTHODONTICS & DENTOFACIAL ORTHOPEDICS ).
10 Benefits an EPCR Software should Bring to EMS Organizations
The benefits of an ePCR solution should extend to the whole EMS organization, not just certain groups of people or certain departments. It should provide more than just a form for entering and a database for storing information. It should also include a workflow of how information is communicated, used and stored across the entire organization.
Cosmetology and Trichology Courses at Kosmoderma Academy PRP (Hair), DR Growt...
Cosmetology and Trichology Courses at Kosmoderma Academy PRP (Hair), DR Growt...Kosmoderma Academy Of Aesthetic Medicine
Kosmoderma Academy, a leading institution in the field of dermatology and aesthetics, offers comprehensive courses in cosmetology and trichology. Our specialized courses on PRP (Hair), DR+Growth Factor, GFC, and Qr678 are designed to equip practitioners with advanced skills and knowledge to excel in hair restoration and growth treatments.
Skin Diseases That Happen During Summer.
Summer is a time for fun in the sun, but the heat and humidity can also wreak havoc on your skin. From itchy rashes to unwanted pigmentation, several skin conditions become more prevalent during these warmer months.
Travel Clinic Cardiff: Health Advice for International Travelers
Travel Clinic Cardiff offers comprehensive travel health services, including vaccinations, travel advice, and preventive care for international travelers. Our expert team ensures you are well-prepared and protected for your journey, providing personalized consultations tailored to your destination. Conveniently located in Cardiff, we help you travel with confidence and peace of mind. Visit us: www.nxhealthcare.co.uk
LOW BIRTH WEIGHT. PRETERM BABIES OR SMALL FOR DATES BABIES
low birth weight presentation. Low birth weight (LBW) infant is defined as the one whose birth weight is less than 2500g irrespective of their gestational age. Premature birth and low birth weight(LBW) is still a serious problem in newborn. Causing high morbidity and mortality rate worldwide. The nursing care provide to low birth weight babies is crucial in promoting their overall health and development. Through careful assessment, diagnosis,, planning, and evaluation plays a vital role in ensuring these vulnerable infants receive the specialize care they need. In India every third of the infant weight less than 2500g.
Birth period, socioeconomical status, nutritional and intrauterine environment are the factors influencing low birth weight
What are the different types of Dental implants.
Are you looking for a long-lasting solution to your missing tooth?
Dental implants are the most common type of method for replacing the missing tooth. Unlike dentures or bridges, implants are surgically placed in the jawbone. In layman’s terms, a dental implant is similar to the natural root of the tooth. It offers a stable foundation for the artificial tooth giving it the look, feel, and function similar to the natural tooth.
Cell Therapy Expansion and Challenges in Autoimmune Disease
There is increasing confidence that cell therapies will soon play a role in the treatment of autoimmune disorders, but the extent of this impact remains to be seen. Early readouts on autologous CAR-Ts in lupus are encouraging, but manufacturing and cost limitations are likely to restrict access to highly refractory patients. Allogeneic CAR-Ts have the potential to broaden access to earlier lines of treatment due to their inherent cost benefits, however they will need to demonstrate comparable or improved efficacy to established modalities.
In addition to infrastructure and capacity constraints, CAR-Ts face a very different risk-benefit dynamic in autoimmune compared to oncology, highlighting the need for tolerable therapies with low adverse event risk. CAR-NK and Treg-based therapies are also being developed in certain autoimmune disorders and may demonstrate favorable safety profiles. Several novel non-cell therapies such as bispecific antibodies, nanobodies, and RNAi drugs, may also offer future alternative competitive solutions with variable value propositions.
Widespread adoption of cell therapies will not only require strong efficacy and safety data, but also adapted pricing and access strategies. At oncology-based price points, CAR-Ts are unlikely to achieve broad market access in autoimmune disorders, with eligible patient populations that are potentially orders of magnitude greater than the number of currently addressable cancer patients. Developers have made strides towards reducing cell therapy COGS while improving manufacturing efficiency, but payors will inevitably restrict access until more sustainable pricing is achieved.
Despite these headwinds, industry leaders and investors remain confident that cell therapies are poised to address significant unmet need in patients suffering from autoimmune disorders. However, the extent of this impact on the treatment landscape remains to be seen, as the industry rapidly approaches an inflection point.
Ageing, the Elderly, Gerontology and Public Health
Challenges associated with ageing from a public health perspective
Nano-gold for Cancer Therapy chemistry investigatory project
chemistry investigatory project
The development of nanogold-based cancer therapy could revolutionize oncology by providing a more targeted, less invasive treatment option. This project contributes to the growing body of research aimed at harnessing nanotechnology for medical applications, paving the way for future clinical trials and potential commercial applications.
Cancer remains one of the leading causes of death worldwide, prompting the need for innovative treatment methods. Nanotechnology offers promising new approaches, including the use of gold nanoparticles (nanogold) for targeted cancer therapy. Nanogold particles possess unique physical and chemical properties that make them suitable for drug delivery, imaging, and photothermal therapy.
Hemodialysis: Chapter 5, Dialyzers Overview - Dr.Gawad
- Video recording of this lecture in English language: https://youtu.be/Pt1nA32sdHQ
- Video recording of this lecture in Arabic language: https://youtu.be/uFdc9F0rlP0
- Link to download the book free: https://nephrotube.blogspot.com/p/nephrotube-nephrology-books.html
- Link to NephroTube website: www.NephroTube.com
- Link to NephroTube social media accounts: https://nephrotube.blogspot.com/p/join-nephrotube-on-social-media.html
Recently uploaded (20)
10 Benefits an EPCR Software should Bring to EMS Organizations
10 Benefits an EPCR Software should Bring to EMS Organizations
Cosmetology and Trichology Courses at Kosmoderma Academy PRP (Hair), DR Growt...
Cosmetology and Trichology Courses at Kosmoderma Academy PRP (Hair), DR Growt...
Travel Clinic Cardiff: Health Advice for International Travelers
Travel Clinic Cardiff: Health Advice for International Travelers
LOW BIRTH WEIGHT. PRETERM BABIES OR SMALL FOR DATES BABIES
LOW BIRTH WEIGHT. PRETERM BABIES OR SMALL FOR DATES BABIES
Cell Therapy Expansion and Challenges in Autoimmune Disease
Cell Therapy Expansion and Challenges in Autoimmune Disease
Ageing, the Elderly, Gerontology and Public Health
Ageing, the Elderly, Gerontology and Public Health
Nano-gold for Cancer Therapy chemistry investigatory project
Nano-gold for Cancer Therapy chemistry investigatory project
Hemodialysis: Chapter 5, Dialyzers Overview - Dr.Gawad
Hemodialysis: Chapter 5, Dialyzers Overview - Dr.Gawad
Protozoans
- 1. Protozoans Represented by :- FANIT YADAV
- 3. Intestinal
- 4. • A. amebas - Move by extending cytoplasmic projections. • B. flagellates -Move by rotating whip-like flagella. • C. ciliates- Move by synchronous beating of hair-like cilia. • D. sporozoa- Generally have nonmotile adult forms.
- 5. INTESTINAL PROTOZOAL INFECTIONS • A. Amebic dysentery (Entamoeba histolytica) • B. Giardiasis (Giardia lamblia) • C. Cryptosporidiosis (Cryptosporidium species) • D. Balantidiasis (Balantidium coli )
- 7. Urogenitals
- 8. Trichomonas vaginalis (Flagellate) • Trichomoniasis is the most common protozoal urogenital tract infection of humans. • Pear-shaped flagellates. • No cyst form in the life cycle of Trichomonas. • Higher then normal ph favours disease.
- 9. • In females - it causes inflammation of the mucosal tissue of the vagina, vulva, and cervix, accompanied by a copious, yellowish, malodorous discharge. • In males (less commonly) - it infects the male urethra, prostate, and seminal vesicles, producing a white discharge. • Diagnosis is made by detection of motile trophozoites in vaginal or urethral secretions.
- 11. A. Malaria (Plasmodium falciparum and other species)
- 13. B. Toxoplasmosis (Toxoplasma gondii) • Toxoplasma gondii is an intracellular sporozoan • Infects all vertebrate species • Definitive host is the cat. • Humans can become infected by the accidental ingestion of oocysts present in cat feces, by eating raw or undercooked meat, congenitally from an infected mother, or from a blood transfusion.
- 14. • C. Trypanosomiasis (various trypanosome species) • D. Leishmaniasis (various Leishmania species) • F. Babesiosis (Babesia microti )