Fungal infection of animals. By Mycosa /Mycotic organisms. Fungi like aspergillus, histoplasma / pathogenic forms. Inhaling spores/ colonization on skin may initiate persistent infections. People being treated with antibiotics are more prone to it.

2. •Fungal infection of animals.
•By Mycosa /Mycotic organisms.
•Fungi like aspergillus, histoplasma /
pathogenic forms.
• Inhaling spores/ colonization on skin
may initiate persistent infections.
•People being treated with antibiotics are
more prone to it.

3. MYCOSE
S
CUTANEOUS
MYCOSES
SYSTEMIC
MYCOSES
SUPERFICIAL
MYCOSES
SUB
CUTANEOUS
MYCOSES

5. • Involves dermis , subcutaneous , muscle &
fascia.
•They are chronic & initiated by piercing
trauma.
• Difficult to treat & requires surgery &
caused by bacteria like fungi.
•Limited to skin & subcutaneous tissue.
•Rarely spread to internal organs[slow
spreading].
•Minimal / no symptoms.

6. CHROMOBLASTOMYCOSIS
MYCETOMA
SPOROTRICHOSIS
LOBOMYCOSIS
RHINOSPORIDIOSIS

7. • Chronic granulomatous progressive
inflammatory disease.
•Affects deep dermis , subcutaneous tissue &
deep structures like bone.
•1st described in 18th C & named Madura foot.
•‘Painless subcutaneous mass’
•Occurs to those who walk bare foot & injuries
on foot.

8. o Causative org : Actinomadura madurae
Streptomyces somaliensis
o Identification : morphological & biological
activity in pure culture.
oBiological activity : acid fast, opt temp,
proteolytic activity etc.
oTREATMENT
depends on the extend of the disease.
Amputation /surgical excision.
Antibiotics / chemotheraputic agents.
Combined drug theraphy.

9. •Long term skin infection.
•Asymptomatic & painless.
•Difficult to cure & migrates to near by areas.
•Migrates by blood / lymph
•Nodules gather & from lumps
CAUSED BY :Fonsecaea compacta
Fonsecaea pedrosoi

10. •DIAGNOSIS :
-scrap Lesions add KOH & view.
-scraps are identified by culturing
-blood test & staining.
•TREATMENT :
-Cryosurgery with liq.
Nitrogen.
-Antifungal azole taken orally
like
Intraonazole

11. •Rose gardeners disease.
•Caused by Sporotrix fungus.
•Reside on plants – sphagum, moss, rose bushes
•Affects lungs , brain, bones enters through cuts in
body.
SYMPTOMS
•Nodular lesions- painless & range from pink-
purple.
•Pulmonary sporotrichosis-coughing , TB,
pneumonia.
•Disseminted sporotrichosis – loss of weight.

12. •DIAGNOSIS
Sputum culture, CSF culture & synovial fluid
culture.
•PREVENTION
Avoids cuts / puncture . Use gloves
•TREATMENT
Amphotericine B , Terbinafine
Surgery / heat therapy.

13. • Found in humans & bottle nosed dolphins.
•Transfer from one species to another.
•No Human – human transmission .
CAUSED BY :Lacazia loboi
DIAGNOSIS
•Misdiagnosed as Blastomyces dermatitidis
due to similar morphology.

14. •TREATMENT
•Surgical excision, cryosurgery.
•Anti fungal treatment -itraconazole, dapsone
[prevent reoccurrence]

15. •Affects mucous membrane of nasopharynx,
oropharynx , conjunctiva.
CAUSED BY : Rhinosporidium subri.
DIAGNOSIS
•Post nasal discharge with cough.
•Confirmed by biopsy & histopathology.
•Bleeding & sneezing

16. •Fungal infections affecting internal organs.
• Enter via lungs , gut / skin.
•Spread via blood stream to multiple organs.
•Cause multiple organ failure & results in
death .
•Immuno compromised patients are more
predisposed to systemic mycosis.

17. •Fungi cause systemic infection with normal
immune function.
• eg- Penicillium marniffei.[pencilliosis]
•Result in systemic infections only in immuno
compromised people.
•eg- Candida [candidasis]

18. • Opportunistic fungal pathogens .
•Candida albicans grow in various morphological
forms.
•Unicellular , oval , diploid fungus.
•Reside commensally in gastrointestinal &
genitourinal tracts.
•Affect : skin , genitals , throat , mouth , blood.

19. • 75% women suffer from C. albicans in
vulvovaginal tract.
•Babies with nappy rash, people with
metabolic disorders & overweight.
•Pregnant women taking high doze of
contraceptive pills.
•HIV patients & wetland workers.
•4th cause of nosocomial infections in blood

20. •Caused by abnormal growth of C albicans .
•Occurs due to imbalance in envt. [ woman's
vagina periodically faces imbalance making
women more susceptible than men].
•Excess antibiotics intake decreases LAB &
decreases vaginal pH.
•C. albicans take advantage of fluctuating envt.
& outcompete the normal flora
•Resulting in candidiasis.

21. •Transmitted from mother to child by
delivery & remains as a part of normal
microflora.
•Rarely transmitted by sexual contact.
•Typical reservoir is normal human
microflora (opportunistic) & not found as
animal vectors.
•Symptoms occur when there is an
imbalance.

22. •Several factors play role – cell wall adherin
proteins [adheres the organism to host &
prevent their clearance].

23. •Appears as clearly defined patch of red , itchy
skin leaking fluids.
•Scales & pus is seen around the rash.
•Common in groin, toes, fingers , navel etc.
•Vaginal yeast infection causes slow leakage of
thick , white , cheese like fluid.
•Itch & discomfort during urination.

24. •Skin scrape sample & skin appearance.
•For oral thrush , antifungal medication is
swished & swallowed.
•Vaginal mucous is examined.
•Staining & swabs are taken.

25. •Antifungal cream , powder & Antifungal
drug.
•Vaginal infection treatment consists of
antifungal medication administered
directly onto vagina.
•Tablets , creams , ointments .
•Eg- Fluconazole

26. •Skin infections are treated with antifungal
powders & creams.
•Affected areas are kept clean & dry.
•Intravenous treatment with fluconazole,
• Intravenous Antifungal drug –
caspofungin / micafungin.

27. •Use antibiotics that doctor prescribes.
•Keep skin dry & clean.
•HIV & diabetic patients are kept under
tight control.

28. •It’s a sub-acute/chronic infection .
•By C neoformans & C gattii.
•4 serotypes – A, B, C, D.
•Round / ovoid cells.
•4-20 micometer diameter.
•Prominent polysaccharide capsule.

29. • source : bird excretion.
•Route : by inhalation of aerosol through lungs.
:other route is skin / mucosa.
•Yeast cells & basidiospores are infectious.
•Crosses blood – brain barrier.
•Cells migrate across endothelium / carried
inside macrophages as trojan horses.

30. •POLYSACCHARIDE CAPSULE : anti-
phagocytic & inhibit host local immune
response.
• ABILITY TO MAKE MELANIN : produce
phenyloxidase that break caffeic acid to
melanin.

31. Specimen collection : CSF , Blood , Sputum ,
Skin scrapings.
MICROSCOPY
• Negative Staining : by Indian Ink & Nigrosin stain.
•Capsule : appears as refractile delinated clear space
around cells.
•Drawback : Indian ink is less sensitive.
GRAM STAINING
•Gram +ve , surrounded by halo .
•Other stains : alacin blue stain[show capsule stain]

32. Culture
•Specimen : inoculated on SDA , incubated
at 37 degree C.
Blood culture in Biphasic blood culture bottles.
•Colony morphology : mucoid creamy white colonies
flat / slightly heaped.
shiny smooth edges.
•Other medium : Inositol Agar with chloramphenicol.
inhibit candida growth.
have no hyphae.

33. Biochemical confirmation
•Urease test : +ve.
•Mouse pathogenicity test : inoculation of
colonies into mice intraperitonally .
•Latex agglutination test (LAT): +ve
•TREATMENT
•Amphotericin-B
•5 flurocystosine
•Triazoles

34. -Pulmonary Cryptococcus
Chronic cough , low grade fever , mucoid /
blood tinged sputum & weight.
Disseminated infections
-CNS cryptococcus
-visceral cryptococcus
-cutaneous cryptococcus
-ocular cryptococcus.