Uploaded byJupite Mark Banayag
Protected Agriculture
Protected cultivation involves growing crops under protective structures to modify the environment for optimal plant growth. The three main methods are mulching, row covers, and greenhouses. Greenhouses provide the highest level of environmental control through transparent enclosures that regulate sunlight, temperature, humidity, and prevent pest and disease entry. Protected cultivation can improve crop yields and provide year-round production by mitigating environmental stresses like heavy rain, strong winds, and extreme temperatures.
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Protected Agriculture
- 1. Protected Jupite Mark U.Banayag, L.Agr Faculty Compostela Valley State College Purok 10, Poblacion, Compostela, 8803 Compostela Valley pitebanayag@gmail.com Agriculture
- 2. A technology toaddress the situation is Protected Cultivation JMBanayag
- 3. Protected Cultivation/Agriculture - Protectedagriculture is the modification of the natural environment to achieve optimum plant growth. Modifications can be made to both the aerial and root environment. JMBanayag
- 4. What is protectedcrop production? • is growing vegetables, flowers, ornamental plants, spices, and other high value crops in a protective structure . – Protective structure prevents the plants from damages caused by strong winds, heavy rains and insects. JMBanayag
- 5. Royal Botanic Gardens,Kew (United Kingdom) JMBanayag
- 6. History • 14-37 ADin Rome • Royal physicians have asked the ailing Emperor Tiberius to eat cucumber every day. • Growing off-season cucumbers under “transparent stone” • Painstakingly built with translucent sheets of mica. JMBanayag
- 7. Ruins of SpeculariumToday JMBanayag
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- 10. Various Materials Used •Stones • Oiled translucent paper • Manure and glass- Manure for heating • Glass • Plastics JMBanayag
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- 13. • Protected Cultivation of High-Value Cropsin the Philippines JMBanayag
- 14. Rationale Philippine crop productionis characterized by extreme seasonality: Dry season: supply is abundant, prices are low Wet season: supply is low, prices are high Prices fluctuate as dictated by supply. JMBanayag
- 15. Supply is furtheraffected by: • Prevailing extreme environmental conditions; and • High incidence of pests and diseases There is a need for a production technology which enables growers to produce crops all year round. JMBanayag
- 16. The three majormethods of protected agriculture are: 1.Mulches 2.Row covers 3.Greenhouses JMBanayag
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- 18. Greenhouse A transparentenclosure designated to grow or temporarily protect plants. It controls the environmental conditions for plants. prevent the entry of insects, regulates sunlight and water protect the plants from strong winds and too much heat caused by solar radiation. JMBanayag
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- 20. • In mostcases, these are massive structures with metal support, glass or plastic covers and a fully automated operation: – Temperature controls – Humidity controls – Irrigation – Fertilization – Pest management . *Requires a considerable initial investment JMBanayag
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- 22. Plastic Film Properties ImproperLight Transmission Harmful U.V. Entering Inside Proper Light Transmission Not Allowing Harmful U.V. Transmission http://www.essenpoly.com/greenhousefilm.htm 1. UV Block JMBanayag
- 23. Plastic Film Properties Directsun rays falling on the crops burns them and also the lower foliage does not get the proper Light Comparatively The direct rays are scattered thus intensity is reduced and also the Lower Foliage Gets More Light as The Shadow Effect Is Eliminated http://www.essenpoly.com/greenhousefilm.htm 2. Diffusion/Haze JMBanayag
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- 25. Types of GreenhousesMost Commonly Used in the Philippines Israel Greenhouse Type Korean Greenhouse Type JMBanayag
- 26. Types of GreenhousesMost Commonly Used in the Philippines African Greenhouse Type Chinese Greenhouse Type JMBanayag
- 27. CLSU Greenhouse Type Typesof Greenhouses Most Commonly Used in the Philippines AVRC Type - Taiwan shelter house JMBanayag
- 28. Market Supply ofFarm Produce • Market requires steady supply of farm produce. • Production plan is needed. • (Show Sample plan) MPPI_MFM 11022016- Revised Production Program JMBanayag
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- 30. Light intensity • Shortday plant- requires short days or long nights to flower. • Critical day length – 14 - 15 hours for flower initiation –13 -14 hours for development. JMBanayag
- 31. Lighting for chrysanthemum Growthphase Weeks from planting Photoperiod Vegetative phase Up to 4-5 weeks from planting till the plant attains 50 to 60 cm height Long day: 13 hrs light and 11 hrs dark Flowering 5 -6 weeks after planting till harvest Short day: 10 hrs light and 14 hrs dark JMBanayag
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- 37. Cabbage, Cauliflower andBroccoli JMBanayag
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- 40. Row Cover/ Tunnel •A tunnel refers to an arched structure figured by inserting both ends of the rod into the ground. • It is the simplest structure to support the covering materials. JMBanayag
- 41. • PE filmprotects row crops against excessive rains and strong winds that occur during the rainy season. JMBanayag
- 42. • High tunnels(2m from the ground) and • Low tunnels (1m from the ground) can be constructed. • Tunnel structures are suitable for short stature crops such as crucifers (pechay, lettuce, cauliflower), peppers, eggplant and herbs. JMBanayag
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- 46. • In tropicalconditions, the tunnel covers the entire row of crops during continuous heavy rains. • In case no rain is expected, the plastic sheet is rolled up and covers only the topmost portion of the structure.JMBanayag
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- 48. Mulching Types: • Organic mulching materials –Rice straw, coco coir, rice hull, paper – Not very effective in controlling weeds. • Plastic Mulch – Clear or Transparent – Two-side color MulchesJMBanayag
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- 51. Advantages 1. Control weedgrowth 2. Control soil erosion 3. Control moisture loss 4. Control insect pests 5. Reduce leaching of fertilizer 6. Prevent fruit rotting 7. Reduction in root damage (since no need to cultivate the soil, better growth) JMBanayag
- 52. Plastic Mulch • Madefrom polyethylene plastic polymers. • Silver/black mulch is manufactured with the co-extrusion process which enables 2 or more materials of different characteristics to be combined in one sheet. (2 Side color mulch) • Silver/black • Black/black • Yellow/blackJMBanayag
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- 54. Two-side color Mulch •Yellow/black- attracts certain insects and thus acts as a trap for them, which prevents diseases. • White/black- Cools the soil. • Silver/black- Cools the soil, through not to the extent of white/black film and repels some aphids and thrips. • Red/black- partialy translucent allowing radiation to pass through and warm soil. JMBanayag
- 55. Percentage (%) Increasein Yield • Plastic mulch vs. no mulch • MacFarm Data 2014 Ampalaya 48% Okra 93.75% Sitao 31% Squash 226% Eggplant 81% Tomato 4% Pechay TBV *TBV- to be validated JMBanayag
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- 63. Screen House/ NetHouseJMBanayag
- 64. Screen house/net house •Using nylon net for top and side covers. • The net comes in several mesh-sizes. • The net acts as a physical barrier for most insect pests.JMBanayag
- 65. Leafy vegetables grownunder screen house JMBanayag
- 66. Leafy vegetable production under screenor net houses JMBanayag
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- 68. Rainshelter • Simple plastichouses are built using iron pipes, bamboo or wooden frames. Rain shelters are almost similar to high plastic tunnels, sometimes called hoop houses. • Rainshelters- specifically designed to mitigate the impact of raindrops on crops that may result to leaf, flower and fruit damage.JMBanayag
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- 73. Hydroponics • Hydroponics isa technology for growing plants in a nutrient solution (water and fertilizers) with or without the use of artificial medium (e.g. sand, gravel, vermiculite, peat moss, sawdust) to provide mechanical support to the plant. JMBanayag
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- 75. Other Protected Cultivation Practices –Thefollowing practices are being promoted in conjunction with urban agriculture, which is characterized by a very limited land area for planting or a highly congested available space. JMBanayag
- 76. Container Growing - Useof modified growing medium for container growing and the utilization of waste materials as containers. JMBanayag
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- 79. Use of GrowBags Artificial media are used fror growing crops in a sort of hydroponics fashion. The use of grow bags may solve the problem of bacterial wilt in high value which has no resistant variety. JMBanayag
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- 85. Trellises • Structures commonlyprovided to support viny vegetables such as cucurbits. • Solanaceous crops are also provided with trellis, primarily to prevent lodging. Rotting is considerably minimized in this case. JMBanayag
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- 94. Technical Requirements for ProtectiveCultivation • Location • Environmental Control • Selection of Crops for Protected Cultivation – Resistance to pest and diseases – Non-seasonality( Photoperiod) – High demand and sustained market – High yielding with quality produce JMBanayag
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- 104. Summary • Protective structuresprovide protection to vegetable crops against biotic and abiotic stresses. • Vegetable production under protective structures insures year-round supply of vegetables and helps stabilize market price. • The three major methods of protected agriculture are Mulching, Row cover and Greenhouse. JMBanayag
- 105. • Main benefitof protective structures is protection against the impact of heavy rainfall and strong winds in the tropics. • Yields of vegetables some crops have been improved under protective structures. Summary JMBanayag
- 106. Credits • AVRDC- ManuelC. Palada • UPLB- SNAP Hydroponics • World Bank-Protected agriculture: a global review / Merle H. Jensen and Alan J. Malter. • DA • Special Thanks to: Macondray Plastics Products, Inc. (MacPlas) JMBanayag