Protected cultivation involves controlling the microclimate around plants to protect crops from adverse weather. It allows for higher yields, year-round cultivation, improved quality, and off-season production. Common crops suited for protected cultivation include tomatoes, capsicum, cucumbers, beans, and flowers. Proper site selection, orientation, structure type, production system, and climate control are important for successful protected cultivation. Potential issues include nutrient deficiencies or excesses, toxic gases, and pest and disease attacks.

1. ProtectedCultivationof
Vegetablecrops
Submitted by:
Seetha Sowjanya
16 PGDM – ABPM 27

2. CONTENT
 Introduction
 Protected cultivation
 Needof protected cultivation
 Presentscenario
 Potential cropsfor protectedcultivation
 Principle of polyhouse
 Siteselection
 Typesof polyhouses
 Production systemsand media for protectedcultivation
 Problemmanagement in greenhousecultivation

3. introduction
 With globalization of markets, shrinking land and
climate change,the protected cultivation of high value
single most importantcrops has emerged as the
technology for ensuring:
 high productivity
 improved quality and
 profitable returns

4.  Protected cultivation on commercial scale is undertaken in
over 50countriesacrossthe globe.
 Firstmodern greenhouseswere built in Italy in the thirteenth
century.
 In India,green house technology started in 1980 and
initially it wasusedfor researchonly.
 In India, first polyhousewasdesignedandsetup in 1985at Leh
(J&K).

5. Protected
Cultivation
 A technique wherein the
microclimate around the plant is
controlled fully, partially or
modified to protect the crop from
adverseweather.
 Protected cultivationensures:
 Conservation of soil
moisture
 Efficient use of energy
mainlysolar

6.  Higher yield
 Yearround cultivation
 Better quality
 Off-season production
 Assuredproduction
 Generateself employment for the educatedrural youth in the
farm sector
 Leastpesticide residues
 Controlled pollination
 Vagariesof weather
 Easierplant protection
 Weedfree cultivation
NeedofProtectedCultivation

7. PresentScenario
Country ha(‘000)
China 81.0
Spain 70.4
SouthKorea 47.0
Japan 36.0
Turkey 25.0
India 25.0
Italy 16.5
Anonymous,2017

8. POTENTIALCROPSFORPROTECTEDCULTIVATION
Greenhouse technology is
more
crops
suited
(such
to vegetables
as tomato,
capsicum,cucumber,french
bean, cabbage, chillies,
spinach,caulifloweretc.)
Flowers (like rose, gerbera,
carnation etc.) and nursery for
all vegetable crops, because of
their small life- span.
Thistechnology ismainly suitable for commercial farming, asit
requiresinvestmentin settingup the entire framework.

9. TomatoesUnder Protected Cultivation

10. PrincipleofPolyhouse

11. SITESELECTION
 A good site can make all the difference in the functional and
environmental operations of a polyhouse.
 The soil should have pH of 5.5-6.5
 Availability of continuous source of quality
water.
 The pH of the irrigation water should be 5.5-
7.0
 Good supply of electricity.

12.  A ground slope for drainage is an important factor to divert
surface water way from the green house Greenhouses should
be located away from the buildings and trees to avoid
obstruction to sunlight. And should be pollution free.
 Facility of good road transport to near
markets. Easy and cheap availability of
labourers.
 Communication facility should available at site.

13. Orientation
Orientation of the
greenhousescouldbeinany direction
whentheyareinsingle spans.
Multi-span greenhouses should be
oriented in north-south direction only,
to avoid continuous shading of certain-
portions of the greenhouse by its
structural members.

14. TYPESOF POLYHOUSES
 Lowcost or Naturally ventilatedpolyhouses
 Medium cost or Partial climate controlledpolyhouses
 Highcost or Fully climate controlledpolyhouses
 Plasticlow tunnels
 Net houses
 Plasticmulches

16. PRODUCTION SYSTEMSAND MEDIAFOR
PROTECTEDCULTIVATION
1) SoilSystemorGeoponics: cropsgrown in natural soil.
 Disadvantages:
 Presenceof disease,insect and weedsin thesoil
 Excessivenutrient level could leachinto ground water tables
 Flooding of irrigation water cause high water table
which reducesaeration, thereby rootgrowth

17. 2) Soil less culture: growing of vegetables in the media
other thansoil.
 Media usedare:
Cocopeat, perlite, vermiculite, saw dust, rockwool,
peanut hulls, rice hulls or themixtures.

18. 3) Hydroponics or water culture: system of growing plant in
nutrient solution, in water, without soil. Terrestrial plants
may be grown with their roots in the mineral solution only,
or in an inert medium,such
As perlite orgravel.

19. 4) Aeroponics: it involves the growing of plants in atrough or
container in which the roots are suspended and sprayedwith a
nutrient mist.
 Therooted plants are placed in aspecial type of boxwith computer
controlled humid atmosphere.
 It is arelatively new productionsystem used especially for
researchpurpose.

20. Healthy nurseryof potential cropsfor protected cultivation
cucumber Tomato
capsicum
Fibrousroot growth

21. CLIMATECONTROL
 Maintain humidity60-80%
 Maintain optimum temperature 18-24oC(avoid >35 and <12
oC)
 Useagroshadenet to control temperature and light
 Ensuresufficient air circulation around theplants
 Ensurecarbon dioxide concentration >300ppm

22. Problem management in Protected
cultivation
 failure to supply the essential factors for optimum growth
such as light, moisture, carbon dioxide and heat in amounts
necessaryfor eachindividualcrop
 fertilizer deficiencies
 fertilizer excesses
 toxic gases
 attacksby insects, animals, andallied pestsand
 susceptibility to fungus, bacteria andvirustroubles.