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Project Taipei 101
Taipei 101 is a 508-meter, 101-story skyscraper in Taipei, Taiwan. It features a deep foundation of 380 concrete piles sunk 80 meters into the soft clay soil to withstand earthquakes and typhoons. The building's tuned mass damper, a 736-ton steel sphere suspended from cables, helps counteract wind forces. Construction from 1999-2004 overcame challenges from Taiwan's seismic and weather conditions through a flexible supercolumn system and the world's largest damper.
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Project Taipei 101
- 2. • Taipei 101features a 508-meter, • 101-story tower • a five-story deep basement • 61 elevators • most floor plan areas vary between 2000 and 2500 square meters (21,500 to 27,000 square feet), • Building aspect ratio (height/width) to the main roof is about 9 based on its ‘waist’ (and 6.8 counting the wider base). • Construction began in 1999 and ended this year 2004.
- 3. The challenges todesign and build a super-tall building in Taipei: • Height • Typhoon • Winds • Frequent strong Earthquakes • Weak clayey soils
- 4. FACTORS THAT MAKECONSTRUCTION DIFFICULT • AS THE EARTH BENEATH TAIPAE IS SOFT CLAY IT DEMANDS UNQUELY DESIGNED FOUNDATION • ABOVE THE GROUND EARTHQUAKE AND TYPHOON INDUCES HORIZONTAL FORCES
- 5. DESIGN CRITERA •FOR ERATHQAUKE RESISTING :- FLEXIBLE • FOR TYPHOON RESISTING :- STIFFNESS
- 6. 101’s Strengths •Designed to withstand typhoons and earthquakes. • Withstand 134 mph winds • Withstand a 7.0 Richter scale earthquake, only happens in a 2,500 year cycle. • Withstood a 6.8 earthquake during construction in which a crane fell off of the tower and killed 5 people.
- 7. The structure isreinforced by a Moment Frame System linking the columns on all floors 36 columns provide vertical support, including eight mega columns around the perimeter. The world’s largest passive tuned mass wind damper, suspended from level 92 down to level 88 The Tower is built on 380 concrete piles, sunk 80 meters into the ground
- 8. GENERAL LAYOUT OFTHE BUILDING SHOWING VARIOUS ELEMENTS SUPER CLOUMNS OUTRIGGER TRUSS MEGAFRAME PILINGS
- 9. Outrigger columns arevisible below the tower ’waist’ and perimeter moment frame columns are visible above. Note a setback above each 8-story module, the tower ’waist’ and double-notched corners for wind load reduction.
- 10. FOUNDATION CONSTRUCTION STEELPILES, REBAR, & CONCRETE
- 11. FOUNDATION DETAILS •One of the most stable buildings ever constructed • Reinforced by 380 piles driven 262 feet into the ground • Each pile is 5 feet in diameter and can withstand a load of 1100-1450 tons, that is 2,900,000 pounds each.
- 12. FOUNDATION DEPTH 80METERS Tower Podium Clay Colluvium 1 Colluvium 2 Sandstone
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- 17. WELDING OF SUPER-COLUMN Electric Pads
- 18. CROSS-SECTION OF SUPER-COLUMN & REINFORCEMENT FILLED WTIH HIGH STRENGTH CONCRETE UPTO LEVEL 62
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- 20. • A TUNEDMASS DAMPER OCCUPIES LEVEL 87 TO 91 • 736 TON SPHERE OF STACKED STEEL PLATES • SUSPENDED FROM 4 STEEL CABLES • IT’S A PENDULUM 0.26 OF BUILDINGS TOTAL WEIGHT
- 21. PRINCIPLE BEHIND TUNEDMASS DAMPER As LATERAL FORCE pass up through the structure, the ball remains all but stationary; its inertia helps to counteract the movements of the building around it, thus “dampening” the LATERAL FORCE.
- 23. TMD CONSTRUCTION •Tuned mass damper of stacked field-welded steel plates will swing as a pendulum on steel cables.
- 24. Assembly of theTuned Mass Damper Completed Assembly of the Tuned Mass Damper
- 26. OTHER APPLICATION OFTUNED MASS DUMPER tall and slender free-standing structures (bridges, pylons of bridges,chimneys, TV towers) which tend to be excited dangerously in one of their mode shapes by wind 400 kg - 14 Hz
- 27. Millennium Bridge Damperson the Millennium Bridge in London , England.
- 28. Akashi-Kaikyō Bridge, betweenHonshu and Shikoku in Japan, currently the world's longest suspension bridge, uses pendulums within its suspension towers as tuned mass dampers.
- 29. CONSTRUCTION PROGRESS 2002 ON 31 March 2002 Partially constructed building survives 6.8 magnitude earthquake undamaged.
- 31. THE PROJECT SURVIVESEARTHQUAKE IN IT’S MOST VULNERABLE STATE • ONLY THE CRANE HAD COLAPSED • NO STRUCTURAL DAMAGE TOOK PLACE
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- 33. REF:- • INTERNET • VIDEO COURTESY 1) DISCOVERY CHANNEL 2) YOUTUBE