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Sears tower
- 1. Sears Tower A MULTIUSE URBAN PROJECT BY AKSHAYA.R 113614251004 SPCET - SOA
- 2. SearsTower • 3.8 millionrentable square feet (89acres) • 159,000 square feet of retail space.(0.36acres) • 160-car executive parking garage. • Location: Chicago, Illinois • Project Completion: 1974 • SiteArea: 3 acres • Project Area: 4,565,844 ft2 (105acres) • Number of Stories:110 • Building Height: 1,450 ft (442m) • Market: Commercial +Office second-tallest building in the United States While 12th-tallest in the world 25,000 daily visitors12,000 occupants
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- 7. CHICAGO SKYLINE SPRANDEL BEAM SKYLINEOF WORLD HIGHEST SKYCRAPPERS
- 8. Forces andForm • TheWillis Tower draws its strength, both visual and physical, from its structural form, the bundledtube. • The building plan consists of 9 squares, each 75 feet across, placed in a three- by-three grid arrangement. • Each square has 5 columns per side spaced 15 feet on centers, with adjacent squares sharing columns. • As the columns rise up the building, each square in the plan forms a tube, which can be seen on the exterior of thebuilding. • Thesetubes are independently strong but are further strengthened by the interactions between each other through trussconnections. • While the tubes connect at each floor level with beams and floors trusses, several large trussed levels act as the main horizontal connectors in the buildings. • These trussed levels, which also contain the mechanical systems for the building, appear as black horizontal bands on the façade. While the louvres covering the trussed levels mask the structural details, the purpose of these levels remains abundantly clear visually.
- 9. • Theclosely spacedinterior and exterior columns are tied at each floor with deep spandrel beams. At the truss levels, these tubes are tiedtogether. • Theseties resulted in astiffer structure, asthe building acts asaunified systemof stiffened tubes. • The interaction between the individual tubes and the belt trusses at mechanical levels allows the building to attain its extremeheight. • Due to the drop offs, the gravity loading on the system is not evenly distributed along the height of the building. • Thesetrusses take the gravity loads from above and redistribute them evenly onto the tubes below. • This is particularly important for the uppermost section of the tower, due to its asymmetry about the central axisof thebuilding. • The presence of the belt trusses help to mitigate these effects of differential settlement, which causethe building to tilt. Spandrel beams are load-bearing structural members around the perimeter of a floor of a building. Not only may they support loads from the roof and other floors, they may also help support a building's walls. For example, walls expected to experience significant forces from wind may be anchored to these beams to better distribute theload.
- 10. INTERIORBEAMS ANDCOLUMNS CONSTRUCTION –EXTERIOR VIEW
- 12. X bracing ofthe columns at themechanical floors 29th – 32nd 64th – 65th 88th – 89th 104th – 108th
- 13. MILE STONES • 1970– THE CONSTRUCTION EFFORT BREAKS DOWN • 1973 – 2000 WORKERS - CONSTRUCTION IS COMPLETE • 1974 – SKYDECK OFFICIALLY OPEN TO PUBLIC • 1984 - BROADCAST ANTENNAS ARE ADDED TO THE BUILDING • 1985 – BUILDING UNDERGOES REVITILIZATION PROJECT, RECEIVES NEW ATRIUM • 2000 – THE SKYDECK UNDERGOES A MULTI MILLION DOLLAR RENOVATION • 2009 - SEARS TOWER IS OFFICIALLY RENAMED AS WILLIS TOWER LED BY U.S EQUITIES,SKYDECK CHICAGO AT WILLIS TOWER DEBUTS NEW EXHIBIT EXPERIENCE AND THE LEDGE • 2015 - BLACKSTONE GROUP PURCHASES WILLIS TOWER FOR $1.3 BILLION MAKING IT THE LARGEST RETAIL TRANSACTION IN THE CITY OF CHICAGO.EQUITY OFFICE TAKES OVER AS BUILDING MANAGEMENT • 2017 – VISIONARY PLANS FOR WILLIS TOWER’S $500MILLION REDEVELOPMENT ARE UNVIELED TO PUBLIC • 2018 – REDEVELOPMENT PLANS NOW UNDERWAY TO INCLUDE 150,00 SQ FT OF TENANT EXCLUSIVE AMENITIES,REVAMPED WACKER AND FRANKLIN LOBBIES, MORE THAN 300,000 SQ FT OF NEW RETAIL AND BASE BUILDING MODERNIZATION INCLUDING FULL REDESIGN OF VERTICAL TRANSPORTATION.
- 14. VerticalCirculation • TheSearsTower’s104-cab elevatorsystemdivides the building into three separate zones,with skylobbies in between at levels 33-34 and66-67. • 28 double decker expressshuttle shuttle elevators serve the skylobbies • 63 single deck elevators for intra-zonaltravel • 6 freight elevators • Twoexpress elevators that take 61 secondsto reach the 1353 foot high skydeckat level 103 travelling at 1600 feet perminute.
- 15. 1,730 feet (527.3m) 1,450feet (442.1m) 1,353 feet (412m)
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- 20. • Theexterior skinof the building is an expression of thestructural skeleton inside, with the fire proof frame sheathed in black aluminium and glare reducing bronze tinted glass. • Theexterior skin is maintained with yearly check ups and sixwindow washing machines. • The main draw back was wind force so they constructed steel frame outside the building • Which it withstands 90km/hr speed of wind
- 21. The Ledge atSkydeckChicago
- 22. Facts Willis Tower hasafootprintthat encompassesan entire square city block. It’s even itsown zip code. Truly acity-within-a-city, you might be surprised to learn some of these stats about the building: • Willis Tower features 16,100windows and six roof-mounted robotic window washing machines clean them. • Willis Tower’s square footage is the equivalent of 101footballfields. • It took 2,000 workers three years to build the tower. • Approximately 43,000 miles (69,200 kilometers) of telephone cable runs throughthe building - enough to stretch acrossthecontinental United States 15 times. • Willis Tower weighs 222,000 tons. • Theaverage swayof the building is approximately six inches (152 millimeters) from true center, but the building is designed to sway up to three feet. • Willis Tower elevators operate asfast as1,600 feet (488 meters) per minute - among the fastest in the world. • Eachworking day,between 15,000 and 20,000 people come and go from Willis Tower
- 23. Most interesting • SkydeckChicagodebutedTheLedgein 2009, unveiling abreathtaking view of the city, 1,353 feet straight down to Wacker Drive and the ChicagoRiver. Sincethen, it hasbecome a“must-do” Chicagoexperience forlocals and visitors alike. • TheLedgefeatures glasspanels that are 1 ½inches thick and canhold5 tons. • TheLedge’sglassboxesare designed to retract into the building,allowing easyaccessfor cleaning and maintenance. • Approximately 1.4 million people visit Skydeckeachyear, a30%increasein attendance since the debut ofTheLedge. • Onaclear day,you canseefour states from Skydeckon the 103rdfloor: Illinois, Indiana, Wisconsin and Michigan. Visibility from theSkydeckis approximately 40-50 miles (65 - 80kilometers).