lesson training

1. FIRST AID
EDUCATION
• First Aid and First Aider
• Characteristics of a Good First Aider
• General Directions for First Aid
• Basic Life Support
• Chain of Survival
• Emergency/Emergency Action Principle
• Methods of Rescue

2. FIRST AID AND FIRST AIDER
FIRST AID
 Vital tool for saving lives
 Refers to the emergency or immediate care
you should provide when a person is
injured or ill until full medical treatment is
available.
 2 USAGE OF FIRST AID
1. MINOR CONDITION- First aid care may be
enough.
2. MAJOR CONDITION- First aid actions are not
enough to sustain long period of relief.

3. FIRST AIDER
 Helps and gives the injured patient
immediate assistance and care
he/she needs.
 Will have to complete training
appropriate to what is needed in
their workplace.
 Someone in an organization who
has been trained to give immediate
medical help.

4. ROLE OF FIRST AIDER
1. To provide immediate, life
saving, medical care before the
arrival of further medical help.
2. Includes performing procedures
such as: Placing an unconscious
casualty into the recovery
position.
3. Must know how to perform
immediate cardiopulmonary
resuscitation. (CPR)
4

5. SKILLS REQUIRED IN BECOMING A GREAT FIRST AIDER
• Communication Skills/ Interpersonal Ability
• Confidence
• Ability to work under pressure
• Attention to detail
• Teamwork and Leadership

6. 2 TYPES OF FIRST AID
Basic First Aid
Workplace-specific first aid.

7. 5 MAIN AIMS OF FIRST AID
1. Preserve life.
2. Prevent the escalation of the illness or injury.
3. Promote recovery.
4. Pain relief.
5. Protect the unconscious.

8. BASIC FIRST-AID
Dealing with cuts, scrapes, grazes, burns and other minor
injuries.
Managing eye injuries of different kinds.
Immobilizing fractures, sprains and strains of joints.
Preventing choking.
Stopping the excessive bleeding.
Helping unconscious patients.

9. WORKPLACE-Specific First Aid
These are easily organized with the institutions that offer the
basic first aid courses. These are training sessions that focus
on the specific dangers that can occur in the workplace.
FIRST AID KIT- A handy kit that comes in many shape
that contain medical equipment or tools.

10. 10 ITEMS IN FIRST AID KIT
1. Bandages of different kinds.
2. Adhesive tape and bandages.
3. Sterile gauzes and eye pads.
4. Wet wipes
5. Antibiotic ointment
6. Saline solution
7. Clasps and safety pins
8. Scissors and tweezers
9. CPR Mask
10. First Aid Guide that includes first aider
phone number.

11. 3 TYPES OF FIRST AID KITS
1. First aid cabinets
2. First aid kits
3. Vehicle first aid kits
3 P'S IN FIRST AID
1. Preserve life
2. Prevent further injury
3. Promote recovery

12. CHARACTERISTICS OF A GOOD FIRST AIDER
 Prompt and Quick
 Calm and Controlled
 Wise and Intelligent
 Resourceful
 Sweet Tempered and
Sympathetic
 Skillful and Tactful
 Dexterous and Clever
 Confidence and Perseverance

13. GENERAL DIRECTIONS FOR FIRST AID
• Basic first aid is the front line of medical treatment.
• Knowing basic first aid instructions allows you to
quickly determine a person's physical condition and
the correct course of treatment.
• In a number of scenarios, basic first aid instructions
can be the complete treatment and then there are
more life threatening conditions that may only need
basic actions to save a person's life.

14. Here are some examples on how
to do first aid:
1. First Aid for Bleeding
- The loss of excess blood can
be life threatening. Therefore,
stopping the loss of blood
from a bleeding person is one
of the most important things
you can do to save their life.
• It is best to sit upright and lean
forward during nosebleeds.
• Pinch the soft/lower end of the
nose, below the bony part.

15. 2. First aid for Cuts and scrapes
• Wash your hands with soap and water.
• Put gloves on if available.
• Apply firm but gentle pressure on the cut with a clean cloth or
piece of gauze for about 20 minutes.
• If possible raising the injured part above the person's heart to
help slow the bleeding.
• IF the bleeding is more severe and injuries allow, lie the person
down.
• Once the bleeding stops clean the wound
• Apply a clean if possible sterile dressing if needed. For smaller
cuts and scrapes you may only need a band-aid or a steri-strip or
two
• If you have any concerns seek medical help.

16. 3. First Aid for Burns
There are two approaches to First Aid for Burns and the treatment
depends on the depth and extent of the tissue injury.
• Minor burns are first degree burns and small second degree
burns (smaller than 3 inches or 7.5 cm diameter).
Learn what to do with First Aid for Minor Burns.
• Major/Severe Burns are larger and deeper than minor
burns. They are second degree burns larger than the person's
abdomen or the area of their hand spread out or Full thickness
burns.

17. TYPES OF BURNS:
MAJOR BURNS
1. If person is on fire get them to drop and roll to help extinguish the flames.
2. Call emergency services.
3. If the person is not breathing start the CPR process.
4. Cover the burn area with a cool, moist (if possible sterile) dressing/s. A
sheet will do if the area is large.
5. Remove any jewelry on or near the burn area. Do not remove jewelry if it
is stuck
6. Elevate the burnt areas above the heart where possible. If injuries allow.
7. To help prevent shock lay the person down with legs elevated. This really
can only be done if it is the extremities that have been effected.
8. Continue to monitor the person's breathing and pulse until medical help
arrives.
MINOR BURNS
1.The immediate priority is to stop the burning process. So
cool down the area by running cool water over it (not
cold).
2.Put burn ointment or gel with aloe vera on the area after
the pain has subsided.
3.Cover the burn with a dry sterile non stick dressing.
4.Pain relief may be required so tablet form and/or use
burn ointment or an over the counter spray designed to
reduce pain.
5.Minor burn wounds can be prone to tetanus. If you have
not had one within the last 5 years get one within 48 hrs.

18. The person should be encouraged to use the principles of
'paying the PRICE' and 'avoiding HARM' for the first 48-
72 hours after the injury.
PRICE
Protection: from further injury.
Rest: for the first 48-72 hours after injury,
activity should be avoided. The use of
crutches can be considered for lower limb
injuries.
Ice: a specialised ice pack (or a bag of frozen
peas) wrapped in a cloth can be applied for
15-20 minutes every 2-3 hours for the first
48-72 hours after injury.
Compression: helps to reduce swelling. An
elastic bandage can be applied around the
affected limb. Remove at night. Ensure that
the bandage is not too tight.
Elevation: as far as possible, elevate the
injured area above the level of the heart for
the first 48-72 hours, ensuring that it is
comfortably supported.
HARM
Heat: including heat packs, hot baths,
saunas.
Alcohol: this can increase swelling and
bleeding.
Running: or other forms of exercise.
Massage: this can increase swelling and
bleeding.

20. BASIC LIFE SUPPORT (BLS)
 Refers to the type of care that first-
responders, healthcare providers and public
safety professionals provide to anyone who is
experiencing cardiac arrest, respiratory
distress or an obstructed airway.
 It requires knowledge and skills in
cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) using
(AED) Automated External Defribillators and
relieving airway obstructions in patients of
every age.
 In addition to physical skills necessary for
providing BLS care to those in need, those
working in the basic life support also need to
have critical thinking and problem solving
skills, and to be able to work as a part of a
team to deliver the best care possible and
improve patient outcomes.

21. CHAIN OF SURVIVAL
- refers to a series of actions that, properly executed, reduce the mortality associated with cardiac arrest.
Like any chain, the chain of survival is only as strong as its weakest link.

22. CHAIN OF SURVIVAL
2
• Recognition and activation of the emergency response system
Assess the emergency and call 911 or the appropriate response system Send someone nearby to
retrieve the closest Automated External Defibrillator (AED)
• Immediate high-quality CPR
Start performing CPR right away to maintain blood flow to vital organs
• Rapid defibrillation
When the AED arrives, attach the pads to the victim's bare chest, turn the device on, and follow the
prompts. A shock will be administered automatically if needed Continue administering CPR until
emergency personnel arrive
• Basic and advanced emergency medical services (out-of hospital SCA)
Trained and equipped pre-hospital EMS personnel take over treatment, continuing to perform CPR,
administering drugs and performing advanced airway procedures and other protocols prior to patient's
admission to advanced care facility
• Advanced life support and post-arrest care
Patient receives comprehensive post-SCA treatment in-hospital or at other professional healthcare
facility

23. Emergency Action Principles
1.Safety
2.Wake the Person
1.9-1-1/EMS
2.Airway
3.Breathing
6. Circulation

24. First aid is often not nearly as complicated as most people think. Regardless, for all
emergencies you should always follow these emergency action principles (EAPs).
 Safety:
 You must make sure that emergency scene is safe for you and any bystanders. Take
time to survey the scene and answer these questions:
 Is the scene safe?
2. What happened?
3. How many victims are there?
4. Can bystanders help
 Survey the emergency scene to make sure there are no dangers. If you won't be able
to help anyone if you end up getting hurt too.
 If it is dangerous call for help, make the area safer, or move the person from danger.

25. 2. Wake the Person:
Gently try to see if the injured person can respond. You can do this by
calling out to him and gently tapping his shoulders.
3. 9-1-1/EMS:
If the person doesn't wake up (or if he is injured) you or someone else
must call the Emergency Medical Service (EMS) immediately.

26. CONDUCT A PRIMARY SURVEY FOR LIFE-THREATENING
CONDITIONS:
In every emergency situation, you must first look for
conditions that are an immediate threat to the victim's life.
This is called the primary survey.
In the primary survey, you check each of the following:
1. Conscious state.
2. Airway.
3. Breathing.
4. Circulation.
5. Severe bleeding.

27. A. Airway:
Place the person on his back, carefully so as to not cause
further injury.
Open the person's airway by tilting his head back and lifting
his chin upwards. This will remove the tongue from blocking
the airway. Keep the airway open.

28. B. Breathing:
 Check for breathing by looking, listening, and feeling for air (10 seconds).
 If the person is not breathing give him 2 breaths, allowing the air to come out in between.
 If the air goes in then go to step “C”.
 If the air does not go in, re-position the head-tilt/chin-lift and try blowing again.
 If the air still does not go in then;
 Do chest compressions (just like CPR) to force the object out.
 Then check the mouth to see if the object came out, take it out if you see it.
 Do the head-tilt/chin-lift and try blowing in, even if you didn't get anything out.
 If the air doesn't go in, reposition the head-tilt/chin-lift and try blowing in again.
 If the air goes in then check for circulation, step C.
 If the air still does not go in then do chest compressions, check the mouth, try blowing in – repeat this entire process
until you get air in.

29. C. Circulation:
 This step should only be done once you have an open airway and you are able to get
air into the casualty's lungs.
 Check for circulation by feeling for a pulse and by looking at the person's skin color,
feeling the skin temperature, and by noticing any movement (10 seconds).
 Start CPR if needed (compressions and breaths).
 If there is circulation but no breathing then just do rescue breathing.
 If there is circulation and breathing, then monitor and put the person in the
recovery position until the paramedics arrive.

30. COMPRESSIONS FOR CPR
ADULT: 15 compressions to 2 breaths, 4 cycles, reassess, continue if needed.
CHILD AND INFANT: 5 compressions to 1 breath, 20 cycles, reassess, continue if
needed.
Conscious Choking;
• Ask the person if they are choking.
• Ask the person if you can help.
• Step behind him and do abdominal thrusts (chest thrusts if the person is big
or pregnant).
• Continue until the food comes out or until the person becomes unconscious.
• If the food comes out make him comfortable and activate 9-1-1 if needed.
• If the person becomes unconscious;
Lay them down.
Activate 9-1-1.
Follow the ABC steps above.

31. METHOD OF RESCUE
3
o For immediate rescue without
any assistance, drag or pull the
victim in the direction of long axis
of his body preferably from the
shoulders.
o If possible, minimize lifting or
carrying the injured person before
checking for injuries – unless you
are sure that there is no major
fracture or involvement of his
neck or spine.
o Most of the one-man
drags/carries and other transfer
methods can be used as methods
of rescue.

32. EMERGENCY TRANSFER
• Is a procedure moving a victim from a dangerous
to a safer place.
• The procedure of moving a victim from a safe place
to a safer place is called EMERGENCY TRANSFER

33. INDICATION FOR EMERGENCY RESCUE
3
 Danger of fire and
explosion
 Danger of toxic gases or
asphyxia
 Serious traffic hazard

34. 3
• Danger of electrocution
• Danger of collapsing wall
• Exposure to cold or
intense weather condition
• Risk of drowning

35. BASIC PRINCIPLES OF EMERGENCY RESUCE AND
TRANSFER RESCUE
• Ensure or maintenance of an open airway
• Control of severe bleeding
• Moving victim as one unit and in proper body position
• Methods of ERT (Estrogen replacement therapy) should
be safe, comfortable and fast
• Check victim’s condition regularly before, during and after
the ERT
• Immobilization of injured body parts before extrication
and transfer
• Taller first aider must stay at the head part of the victim

36. CRITERIA FOR SELECTION OF METHODS OF TRASFER
• Nature and severity of the injury
• Size of the victim
• Physical capabilities of rescuer
• Availability of equipment
• Evacuation route
• Distance of the place where the victim will be transferred

37. ONE-MAN ASSIST
 Assist to walk (inclined
drag)
 Pack strap carry (blanket
drag)
 Fireman’s carry (fireman’s
drag)
 Piggyback carry (clothes
drag)

38. TWO-MAN CARRY
 Two-man assist to walk
 Two-man carry by
extremities
 Two-man fireman’s carry
with assistant
 Two-man hand as litter
 Two-man four hand seat

39. FOUR/SIX/EIGHT-MAN CARRY
 Blanket
 Use of stretcher
1. Improvise stretcher
2. Military stretcher
3. Ambulance stretcher
 Use of long spinal board
 To load and unload in an
ambulance

40. THINGS TO CONSIDER:
• Move only the victim if his ABC’s are stable
• As much as possible, let the victim move on his own
• Always ask the permission of the victim and keep him
informed
• Observe ergonomics in lifting and transfer

41. GROUP 2:
ASUNCION, Kimberly
BAUTISTA, Chantelle
DIOLAZO, Philippe Martin
IDIO, Jeselyn
JIMENEZ, Ela Jemica
RAMOS, Jhoanna Mae
SUBANG, Crisha
TAGABENG, Lucky