The document describes a program for a universal motor driver using a P89C51 microcontroller. It can control AC and DC motors by varying the pulse width modulation (PWM) of the TRIAC for AC motors and switching relays for DC motor voltage levels. The program uses timers and interrupts to generate the PWM and reads inputs to control motor speed and select motor type/voltage. Screenshots show the operating scheme and motor control via keypad input to the serial port.

1. Raisoni College of Engineering
An Autonomous Institution under UGC Act 1965 |Accredited by NBA & NAAC ‘A’ Grade
DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRONICS AND TELECOMMUNICATION
ENGINEERING
Session:
2015-2016 (EVEN Semester)
Semester/Branch/Section: –VII / ETC – C
Name of Subject:
Embedded System
TAE 3
Report on:
Program, Code of Program
and
Screen Shot of Output
(UNIVERSAL DRIVER USING µc P89c51)
Submitted by:
Akash Shahu (Roll No. 26)
Ashish Pandey (Roll No. 30)
Sumitted To:
Prof. S. Nimkar
E&TC Department, G.H.R.C.E.

2. Report on:
Program, Code of Program and Screen Shot of Output
UNIVERSAL DRIVER USING µc P89c51
INTRODUCTION:
* Motors are considered as one of the most importantpart of an Industry.
All the functions of the industries works on different types of motors.
There are various types of motors being used in industry depending
upon its application. The Ac and Dc motor required different type of
controller to control the speed of motor .
* But actually our aim to design universaldrive controller.
* The Whole hardwarestructurecan be processed in a single central unit
and can be termed as a universalcontroller. Temperature sensors,
Currentsensors, Speed sensors etc can be included into the hardwareas
per the application requirement .
Block Diagram:

3. Methodology:
There are two methods used while designing the controller
DC Controller:
For DC motor control is done by using a simple voltage divider method.
AC Controller:
 Why use PWMfor speed variation?
 When an AC motor is connected directly to an AC line (415V 3Φfor
example) the motor speed is fixed and is calculated as follows
 𝑛𝑠=120∗𝑓/𝑝 − 𝑠𝑙𝑖𝑝
 ns = Motor speed (RPM)
 f = fundamental frequency(Hz)
 p = no. of poles
Controller
DC Motor
Control
AC Motor
Control

4. 8051 micro-controller(P89V51RD2):
Features:-
 8051 Central Processing Unit
 5 V Operating voltage from 0 to 40 MHz
 64kBof on-chip Flash program memory
 Supports12-clock/6-clockmode
 SPI(SerialPeripheralInterface)
 Three 16-bit timers/counters
 TTL- and CMOS-compatiblelogic levels
 RXD/TXD Pins available

5. L293D (Motor Driver IC):
 Wide Supply-VoltageRange: 4.5 V to 36 V.
 Separate Input-Logic Supply.
 Thermal Shutdown.
 High-Noise-Immunity Inputs.
 Peak OutputCurrent 2 A Per Channel (1.2 A for L293D)

6. Software Required:
 FLASH MAGIC - This softwarehelps to dump the program opcodes to the
microcontroller. This allows easy access to all the ISP features by the
device. i.e. programming the flash memory, Reading from flash memory.
 Embedded PCB Designer - This will help for designing the circuit on the
printed circuit board.
 MATLAB version2012–This softwarewould providea graphicaluser
interface (GUI) between machine and man it will be used for creating a
graphical user interface for the application with the help of components
available on the window. The application softwareto interface hardware
systemconnected to PC using COM ports and provideGUI interface.
Advantages
 A controller design for Torquecontrol of AC & DC motor
 Starter-less operation.
 The Whole hardwarestructurecan be Reconfigurable as universal
controller.
 This controller also gives an intelligent motor control (IMC) operation.
 Speed control of any motor is important because required speed to
accomplish a specific task
Application
 This systemmay be used to run High graded IndustrialMotors according
to speed requirement.
 Both AC as well as DC Drive will be in on system.
 The systemwill be softwarecontrolled. So the user can enable or disable
the systemfromhis/her office room.

7. Screen Shot:
OPERATING SCHEME
 When both motor are off:-
When DC is operating

8. When AC motor is operating
Coding/Programming in MATLAB Tool:
--------------------------------------------------------------
; TRIAC -> P1.0 || ZERO CREOSING ->P3.7
; FIRE OFF TIMING : 4ms, 8ms,12ms, 16ms
;------------------------------------------------------------
$MOD51
TRIAC EQU P1.0
HIGH_TIMEEQU R0
LOW_TIMEEQU R1
RELAY_12V EQU P0.0
RELAY_9V EQU P0.1
RELAY_5V EQU P0.2
MOV P0,#0FFH ; INTIALLYALL RELAYOFF
CLR TRIAC ; INITALLYMAKEMOTOR OFF

9. MOV P2,#0FFH ; MAKE PULLUP HIGH
MOV P3,#0FFH ; MAKE SENS DATA HIGH
MOV TMOD,#21H ; TIMER 0 SELECTED, enabletimer1, mode2 (autoreload)
MOV TH0,#0FFH ; LOAD VALUE
MOV TL0,#0FEH
MOV TH1,#0FDH ;9600 Baud rate
MOV SCON,#50H ;8 bit, 1 stopbit, REN enabled
SETB TR1
MOV R7,#00H ;USED TO ENABLE LOOP
MOV SBUF,A
JNB TI,$
CLR TI
START:
JNB RI,$
CLR RI
MOV A,SBUF
SJMP KEY_1
CHECK_KEYS:
JNB RI,CHECK_SENSOR
CLR RI
MOV A,SBUF
SJMP KEY_1
CHECK_SENSOR:
CJNER7,#01H,CHECK_KEYS
MOV TH0,HIGH_TIME ; LOAD DEFAUL VALUE
MOV TL0,LOW_TIME
CLR TF0 ; CLEAR TF0 FLAG
CLR TRIAC ; OFF TRAIC
SETB TR0 ; START TIMER 0

10. JNB TF0,$ ; WAITTILL FLAG SETI.E.(ALPHAANGLEFOR
FIRING)
SETB TRIAC ; BETA ANGLE
SJMP CHECK_KEYS
;-----------------------------------------------------------
; 13ms =>65536uS -13000uS =>52536uS =>DD38 =>25%SPEED
;-----------------------------------------------------------
KEY_1:
CJNEA,#'5',KEY_2
MOV HIGH_TIME,#0CDH
MOV LOW_TIME,#38H
MOV R7,#01H
LJMP CHECK_KEYS
;-----------------------------------------------------------
; 10ms =>65536uS -10000uS =>55536uS =>D8F0 =>50% SPEED
;-----------------------------------------------------------
KEY_2:
CJNEA,#'6',KEY_3
MOV HIGH_TIME,#0D8H
MOV LOW_TIME,#0F0H
MOV R7,#01H
LJMP CHECK_KEYS
;-----------------------------------------------------------
; 8ms =>65536uS - 4000uS =>61536uS =>F060 =>75% SPEED
;-----------------------------------------------------------
KEY_3:
CJNEA,#'7',KEY_4
MOV HIGH_TIME,#0F0H
MOV LOW_TIME,#60H
MOV R7,#01H
LJMP CHECK_KEYS
;-----------------------------------------------------------
; 0.05ms =>65536uS -50uS =>65486uS =>FFCE=>100% SPEED
;-----------------------------------------------------------

11. KEY_4:
CJNEA,#'8',AC_OFF
MOV HIGH_TIME,#0FFH
MOV LOW_TIME,#0CEH
MOV R7,#01H
LJMP CHECK_KEYS
AC_OFF:
CJNEA,#'9',DC_5V
CLR TRIAC
MOV R7,#00H
LJMP CHECK_KEYS
;############################################################
; DC MOTOR
;############################################################
DC_5V:
CJNEA,#'2',DC_9V
SETB RELAY_12V ;OFF RELAY
SETB RELAY_9V ;OFF RELAY
CLR RELAY_5V
DC_9V:
CJNEA,#'1',DC_12V
SETB RELAY_12V ;OFF RELAY
SETB RELAY_5V ;OFF RELAY
CLR RELAY_9V
DC_12V:
CJNEA,#'3',DC_OFF
SETB RELAY_9V ;OFF RELAY
SETB RELAY_5V ;OFF RELAY
CLR RELAY_12V
DC_OFF:
CJNEA,#'4',ALL_OFF
SETB RELAY_12V ;OFF RELAY
SETB RELAY_9V ;OFF RELAY
SETB RELAY_5V

12. ALL_OFF:
CJNEA,#'0',RETURN_KEY
CLR TRIAC
MOV R7,#00H
SETB RELAY_12V ;OFF ALL RELAY
SETB RELAY_9V
SETB RELAY_5V,
RETURN_KEY:
LJMP CHECK_KEYS
;*******************************************************************
; SERIAL SETTINGS FUNCTION
;*******************************************************************
SERIAL:
MOV TMOD,#20H ;enable timer1, mode2 (auto reload)
MOV TH1,#0FDH ;9600 Baud rate
MOV SCON,#50H ;8 bit, 1 stopbit, REN enabled
SETB TR1
RET
;*******************************************************************
; FUNCTION FOR SENDING CHARACTER
;*******************************************************************
SEND_CHAR:
MOV SBUF,A
JNB TI,$
CLR TI
RET
;*******************************************************************
; FUNCTION FOR RECEIVING CHARACTER
;*******************************************************************
RECV_CHAR:
JNB RI,$
CLR RI
MOV A,SBUF
RET

13. ;------------------------------------------------------------
; TRIAC -> P1.0 || ZERO CREOSING ->P3.7
; FIRE OFF TIMING : 4ms, 8ms,12ms, 16ms
;------------------------------------------------------------
$MOD51
TRIAC EQU P1.0
HIGH_TIMEEQU R0
LOW_TIMEEQU R1
RELAY_12V EQU P0.0
RELAY_9V EQU P0.1
RELAY_5V EQU P0.2
MOV P0,#0FFH ; INTIALLYALL RELAYOFF
CLR TRIAC ; INITALLYMAKEMOTOR OFF
MOV P2,#0FFH ; MAKE PULLUP HIGH
MOV P3,#0FFH ; MAKE SENS DATA HIGH
MOV TMOD,#21H ; TIMER 0 SELECTED, enabletimer1, mode2 (autoreload)
MOV TH0,#0FFH ; LOAD VALUE
MOV TL0,#0FEH
MOV TH1,#0FDH ;9600 Baud rate
MOV SCON,#50H ;8 bit, 1 stopbit, REN enabled
SETB TR1
MOV R7,#00H ;USED TO ENABLE LOOP
MOV SBUF,A
JNB TI,$
CLR TI
START:
JNB RI,$
CLR RI
MOV A,SBUF
SJMP KEY_1
CHECK_KEYS:
JNB RI,CHECK_SENSOR
CLR RI

14. MOV A,SBUF
SJMP KEY_1
CHECK_SENSOR:
CJNER7,#01H,CHECK_KEYS
MOV TH0,HIGH_TIME ; LOAD DEFAUL VALUE
MOV TL0,LOW_TIME
CLR TF0 ; CLEAR TF0 FLAG
CLR TRIAC ; OFF TRAIC
SETB TR0 ; START TIMER 0
JNB TF0,$ ; WAITTILL FLAG SETI.E.(ALPHAANGLEFOR
FIRING)
SETB TRIAC ; BETA ANGLE
SJMP CHECK_KEYS
;-----------------------------------------------------------
; 13ms =>65536uS -13000uS =>52536uS =>DD38 =>25%SPEED
;-----------------------------------------------------------
KEY_1:
CJNEA,#'5',KEY_2
MOV HIGH_TIME,#0CDH
MOV LOW_TIME,#38H
MOV R7,#01H
LJMP CHECK_KEYS
;-----------------------------------------------------------
; 10ms =>65536uS -10000uS =>55536uS =>D8F0 =>50% SPEED
;-----------------------------------------------------------
KEY_2:
CJNEA,#'6',KEY_3
MOV HIGH_TIME,#0D8H
MOV LOW_TIME,#0F0H
MOV R7,#01H
LJMP CHECK_KEYS
;-----------------------------------------------------------
; 8ms =>65536uS - 4000uS =>61536uS =>F060 =>75% SPEED
;-----------------------------------------------------------

15. KEY_3:
CJNEA,#'7',KEY_4
MOV HIGH_TIME,#0F0H
MOV LOW_TIME,#60H
MOV R7,#01H
LJMP CHECK_KEYS
;-----------------------------------------------------------
; 0.05ms =>65536uS -50uS =>65486uS =>FFCE=>100% SPEED
;-----------------------------------------------------------
KEY_4:
CJNEA,#'8',AC_OFF
MOV HIGH_TIME,#0FFH
MOV LOW_TIME,#0CEH
MOV R7,#01H
LJMP CHECK_KEYS
AC_OFF:
CJNEA,#'9',DC_5V
CLR TRIAC
MOV R7,#00H
LJMP CHECK_KEYS
;############################################################
; DC MOTOR
;############################################################
DC_5V:
CJNEA,#'2',DC_9V
SETB RELAY_12V ;OFF RELAY
SETB RELAY_9V ;OFF RELAY
CLR RELAY_5V
DC_9V:
CJNEA,#'1',DC_12V
SETB RELAY_12V ;OFF RELAY
SETB RELAY_5V ;OFF RELAY
CLR RELAY_9V
DC_12V:

16. CJNEA,#'3',DC_OFF
SETB RELAY_9V ;OFF RELAY
SETB RELAY_5V ;OFF RELAY
CLR RELAY_12V
DC_OFF:
CJNEA,#'4',ALL_OFF
SETB RELAY_12V ;OFF RELAY
SETB RELAY_9V ;OFF RELAY
SETB RELAY_5V
ALL_OFF:
CJNEA,#'0',RETURN_KEY
CLR TRIAC
MOV R7,#00H
SETB RELAY_12V ;OFF ALL RELAY
SETB RELAY_9V
SETB RELAY_5V,
RETURN_KEY:
LJMP CHECK_KEYS
;*******************************************************************
; SERIAL SETTINGS FUNCTION
;*******************************************************************
SERIAL:
MOV TMOD,#20H ;enable timer1, mode2 (auto reload)
MOV TH1,#0FDH ;9600 Baud rate
MOV SCON,#50H ;8 bit, 1 stopbit, REN enabled
SETB TR1
RET
;*******************************************************************
; FUNCTION FOR SENDING CHARACTER
;*******************************************************************
SEND_CHAR:
MOV SBUF,A
JNB TI,$

17. CLR TI
RET
;*******************************************************************
; FUNCTION FOR RECEIVING CHARACTER
;*******************************************************************
RECV_CHAR:
JNB RI,$
CLR RI
MOV A,SBUF
RET