This document provides information on turmeric and indigo, two important dye plants. It discusses their classification, history, morphology, useful organs, and uses. Turmeric is commonly cultivated in parts of India and used as a spice and dye. Its underground stem called a rhizome is aromatic and used in cooking, medicine, and religious ceremonies. Indigo is a shrub that was formerly cultivated for its blue dye extracted from leaves. It was an important dye in Asia for over 4000 years and later in Europe. Both plants contain compounds in their leaves or rhizomes that are extracted and used to naturally dye fabrics and other materials.

1. DYES:-
TERMERIC & INDIGO

2. CONTENTS
 INTRODUCTION
TURMERIC
 CLASSIFICATION
 HISTORY
 MORPHOLOGY
 USEFUL ORGAN AND USES
 INDIGO
 CLASSIFICATION
 HISTORY
 MORPHOLOGY
 USEFUL ORGAN AND USES

3. INTRODUCTION
• Dyes differ from pigments, which are finely
ground solids dispersed in a liquid, such as paint
or ink, or blended with other materials.
• Dye, substance used to impart colour to textiles,
paper,leather, and other materials such that the
colouring is not readily altered by washing, heat,
light, or other factors to which the material is
likely to be exposed.
• Most dyes are organic compounds, whereas
pigments may be inorganic compounds.

4. TURMERIC
 Classification :-
Kingdom :- Plantae
Division :- Magnoliophyta
Class :- Liliopsida
Subclass :- Zingiberidae
Order :- Zingiberales
Family :- Zingiberaceae ( Zinziberaceae )
Genus :- Curcuma
 Scientific name :- Curcuma Longa
 Local Name :- Haldi, Haldar, Turmeric
 English Name :- Turmeric
 Useful Organ :- Underground stem, Tubers, Rhizome

5. HISTORY
Turmeric has been cultivated in India from very
ancient times.
A herb, cultivated Commonly in Maharastra,
Bengal, Tamil Nadu, Andhra pradesh and Orissa
for its rhizomes.
The main centers of turmeric production are in
Gujarat, Thane and Kahndesh Districts.

6. Turmeric plants with rhizome

7. MORPHOLOGY
 The Plant of turmeric is a robust perennial with a short
stem and tufted leaves.
 The pale – yellow flowers are found in dense spikes,
topped by a tuft of pinkish bracts.
 Inflorescence terminal On pseudostems.
 Fertile bracts green coloured.
 Corolla pale yellow coloured.

8.  The rhizome, which yield the colourful
condiment, are short and thick with blunt
tubers.
 They are cleaned, Washed end dried in the Sun,
it is very aromatic, with a musky odour and
yellow colour.
 Lateral staminodes shorter than labellum.
 Labellum yellowish with central, yellow band.

9. USEFUL ORGAN
•The rhizome is aromatic,
stimulant, antiperiodic,
tonic, alternative and
Carminative.
•The fresh juice of rhizome
is used as an anthelmintic.
•It is commonly used for
cleaning foul ulcers.

10. USES
It is used as a condiment.
It is used to flavour and colour pickles, some
sweet dishes and foodstuffs.
It is used in the form of rhizome powder.
In some regions turmeric leaves are used to
wrap and cook food.
It is One of the principal ingredients of curry.
The fresh juice of rhizome is as an anthelmintic.

11. Turmeric paper also called Curcuma paper.
Curcuma paper is used as an indicator of
chemicals.
Rhizomes yield an oil used as a Carminative and
tonic.
It is used in the preparation of cosmetics and
Ayurvedic medicines.
It has religious value and is used in various
function and festivals.
It remain popular in india for wedding and
religious ceremonies.

12. INDIGO
 Classification :-
Kingdom :- Plantae
Division :- Angiosperms
Order :- Fabales
Family :- Fabaceae ( Papilionaceae )
Subfamily :- Faboideae
Genus :- Indigofera
Scientific name :- Indigofera tinctoria
Local name :- Nil, Gali, Indige
English name :- Indigo
Useful Organ :- Leaves

13. HISTORY
The plant belongs to the leguminosae family.
It yields the dye.
It is called the “king of dyestuffs”.
The dye has been to the people of Asia Over
4000 years.
The dye became very popular in Europe.
Indigofera tinctoria is the principal source of the
dye.

14. The world indigo is derived from a Latin word
indicum.
The dye became very popular in Europe.
Indigofera tinctoria is the principal source of
the dye.

15. INDIGO PLANT WITH FLOWERS

16. MORPHOLOGY
A small shrub, though some are small trees or
herbaceous perennials or annuals and formerly
cultivated in india for its famous dye ‘nil’.
Most have Pinnate leaves.
Racemes of flowers grow in the leaf axils.
It grows in Subtropical of regions and temperate
areas of India and requires plenty of light.

17. Indigo is grows from seed and is harvested bi-
annualy.
Indigo plant grow to one to two meters high
with small green leaves and purple colour
flowers.
The fruit is a legume pod of varying size and
shape.

18. USEFUL ORGAN
•In indigo plants useful
organ is leaves.
•The leaves contain a
soluble colourless
glucoside, the indican,
which oxidises in water
to form the insoluble
indigo.
•However,the dye is not
present in the plant it
self.

19. USES
• In India indigo is used to colour clothes.
• This is the dye traditionally used to natural hair
colours.
• Indigo also has been used as a nematicide and
treatment for a range of ills including scorpion
bites and stomach cancer.
• The dye is used in dyeing and printing cotton
fabrics, rayon and wool.
• It is also essential for living history research.

20. • The pounded leaves are used in herbal tea.
• The juice of leaves used as a prophylactic against
hydrophobia.
• Pigments for printing links and plants are also
manufacture from it.
• A stem decocation used for tuberculosis and
influenza.
• It can be used as wood varnish.

21. • The plant extract used in treatment of nervous
disorders, bronchiti’s and as an ointment for
sores and roots used in scapion bites.
• The leaves, flowers and pods are used as
auxillaries in dyeing.
• It is used in washing of cotton clothes.
• The seed are rich in the pectine jellose which is
used in Jam and Jelly industries the processed
seed oil is used as a varnish for painting images.

22. REFERENCES
ECONOMIC BOTANY
BY :-B. P. PANDEY
ECONOMIC BOTANY
BY :-SURESH KUMAR
www. Britannica.com
http:/www.henriettes herbal.com

23. THANK YOU