Process technology refers to the methods used to transform raw materials into finished products across various industries. It involves planning and controlling production processes from raw materials through distribution. Process technicians monitor and control equipment to process raw materials into products like gasoline, plastics, and electricity. They also analyze data and communicate information. A process strategy must consider elements like process structure, customer involvement, resource flexibility, and capital intensity. Process planning and design determine the optimal sequence of operations. Work measurement techniques like time study, activity sampling, and predetermined motion time systems help set time standards for operations to improve efficiency.

1. Process technology
BY
ABDULK ADIR SUGAL
process technology, feb 2014 abdulkadir sugal

2. Introduction
Process Technology
 There are different process technologies. Each of
these process technologies is used to create and
deliver products and services.
 Process technology is depending on information
processing technologies, customer process
technologies and so as other technology.
 Process technology is separated by operations.
process technology, feb 2014 abdulkadir sugal

3. What is Process Technology?
 Process technology is the heart of all industries
that involve the production of consumer goods
from raw material: from soft drink bottlers to
petroleum refineries to the production of
electricity.
 Process technology is essential in the production of
gasoline, airplane fuel, gas, plastic soft drink
bottles, glass jars and bottles, pharmaceuticals,
and even Jelly Bellies.
process technology, feb 2014 abdulkadir sugal

4. What Process Technicians do?
Process Technicians are key members of a team
responsible for planning, analyzing, and
controlling the production of products from raw
materials through distribution
They control, monitor and troubleshoot
equipment that process raw material into
products such as gasoline, electricity and plastics.
They analyze, evaluate and communicate about
data.
process technology, feb 2014 abdulkadir sugal

5. Strategic implication of product and process
decisions
Strategy of product
Strategic of process
decisions
 Why is a product
 Process structure
strategy important?
 Elements of a product
strategy
 Creating your product
strategy
 Power of the product
strategy
process technology, feb 2014 abdulkadir sugal
 Customer involvement
 Resource flexibility
 Capital intensity

6. Strategy of product
A product strategy is the ultimate vision of the
product, as it states where the product will end
up.
Just as a business has a strategic vision of what it
wants to be when it grows up, the product has its
own strategy and destination
process technology, feb 2014 abdulkadir sugal

7. Why is a product strategy
important?
1
• The product strategy forms the basis for
executing a product roadmap and subsequent
product releases
2
• The product strategy enables the company to
focus on a specific target market and feature set,
instead of trying to be everything to everyone.
process technology, feb 2014 abdulkadir sugal

8. Elements of a product strategy
When defining your product strategy be sure to answer the following
questions.
How will you price
your product?
What value do you
provide your
customers?
process technology, feb 2014 abdulkadir sugal
What are you selling?
How will you distribute
your product?

9. Creating your product
strategy
To create your product
strategy, start with
identifying the market
problems you would like
to solve. This includes
interviewing your target
market, understanding
the competitive landscape
and identifying how you
will differentiate yourself.
process technology, feb 2014 abdulkadir sugal
Your product strategy will
change over time as you
learn more about your
market, and as (if) you
decide to enter different
markets. Listening to your
market and developing your
product strategy is a circular
process; as you learn more,
you will evolve your product
strategy and the problems
you solve.

10. Power of the product
strategy
The power of a product strategy
comes from what you define as
well as what you exclude. By
identifying a particular target
market in your product strategy,
you are also excluding other
markets.
process technology, feb 2014 abdulkadir sugal

11. Strategic of process decisions
A process involves the use of an organization’s resources to
provide something of value. For example, without processes,
services can't be provided and products can't be made.
Therefore, to properly manage processes, you must be able to
decide how you are going to go about providing your services
and/or developing your product.
Process decisions directly affect the process itself and
indirectly the services and the products that it provides.
Whether dealing with processes for offices, service
providers, or manufacturers, you must consider four very
important process decisions
process technology, feb 2014 abdulkadir sugal

12. Strategic of process decisions
 Process structure: determines the process type relative to
the kinds of resources needed and how resources are
partitioned between them. A layout, which is the physical
arrangement of operations created from the various
processes, puts these decisions into tangible form.
 Customer involvement: reflects the extent of customers
participation in the processes.
 Resource flexibility: . refers to the ease with which
employees and equipment can handle a wide variety of
products, output levels, duties, and functions.
 Capital intensity: is the mix of equipment and human
skills in a process. As the relative cost of equipment
increases, so does capital intensity.
process technology, feb 2014 abdulkadir sugal

13. Process planning and design
overview
 At the time of designing a product, preliminary consideration is
given to the capacity of the firm to manufacture the product. The
technology required and the particular machines and processes
needed are determined and compared to what is available in the
firm
 If production is compatible with the existing manufacturing
capacity or if the needed capacity can be acquired, the decision is
taken to continue designing the product .If not, the decision may be
to terminate the design effort.
 process planning and process design must be taken up .As the
process plans are firmly established, the processing time
requirements of specific machinery and equipment are generated.
process technology, feb 2014 abdulkadir sugal

14. Process Planning
 Process planning is concerned with planning
the conversion or transformation processes
needed to convert the materials into finished
products
 A production process is a series of
manufacturing operations performed at
workstations to achieve the design
specifications of the planned output
process technology, feb 2014 abdulkadir sugal

15. Process Design
Process design is concerned
with the overall sequence of
operations required to achieve
the product specifications. It
specifies the type of work
stations that are to be used, the
machines and equipment
necessary and the quantities in
which each are required.
process technology, feb 2014 abdulkadir sugal

16. Process Design
THE SEQUENCE OF OPERATIONS IN THE
MANUFACTURING PROCESS IS DETERMINED
BY
The nature of the product
The materials used
The quantities being
produced
process technology, feb 2014 abdulkadir sugal

17. Operations Design
Operations design is
concerned with the design of
the individual manufacturing
operations .It consists of
examining the man-machine
relationship in the
manufacturing process for
converting the raw materials
into the finished or semifinished product
process technology, feb 2014 abdulkadir sugal
.Operations design must
specify how much of man and
machine time is required for
each unit of production

18. Work measurement
Work measurement is the
application of techniques
designed to establish the time
for a qualified worker to carry
out a specified job at a
defined level of performance.
process technology, feb 2014 abdulkadir sugal

19. The Purpose of Work Measurement
 Work measurement is concerned with
investigating, reducing and subsequently
eliminating ineffective time, that is time during
which no effective work is being performed,
whatever the cause.
 Work measurement, as the name suggests,
provides management with a means of measuring
the time taken in the performance of an operation
or series of operations in such a way that
ineffective time is shown up and can be separated
from effective time
process technology, feb 2014 abdulkadir sugal

20. The Uses of Work Measurement
Revealing existing causes of
ineffective time through study,
important though it is, is perhaps less
important in the long term than the
setting of sound time standards,
since these will continue to apply as
long as the work to which they refer
continues to be done. They will also
show up any ineffective time or
additional work which may occur
once they have been established.
process technology, feb 2014 abdulkadir sugal

21. In the process of setting standards it may
be necessary to use work measurement:
 To compare the efficiency of alternative methods.
Other conditions being equal, the method which
takes the least time will be the best method.
 To balance the work of members of teams, in
association with multiple activity charts, so that, as
nearly as possible, each member has a task taking
an equal time to perform.
 To determine, in association with man and
machine multiple activity charts, the number of
machines an operative can run.
process technology, feb 2014 abdulkadir sugal

22. The time standards, once set, may then be
used
 To provide information on which the planning and
scheduling of production can be based, including
the plant and labor requirements for carrying out
the programme of work and the utilization of
available capacity.
 To provide information on which estimates for
tenders, selling prices and delivery promises can
be based.
 To set standards of machine utilization and labor
performance which can be used for any of the
above purposes and as a basis for incentive
schemes?
process technology, feb 2014 abdulkadir sugal

23. The time standards, once set, may then be
used, cont….
To provide information for labour-cost control and
to enable standard costs to be fixed and
maintained.
It is thus clear that work measurement provides the
basic information necessary for all the activities of
organizing and controlling the work of an
enterprise in which the time element plays a part.
process technology, feb 2014 abdulkadir sugal

24. Techniques of work measurement
 Time study
• Activity sampling
• Predetermined motion time systems
process technology, feb 2014 abdulkadir sugal

25. Time study
 Time Study consists of recording times and
rates of work for elements of a specified job
carried out under specified conditions to
obtain the time necessary to carry out a job at
a defined level of performance
process technology, feb 2014 abdulkadir sugal

26. Activity sampling
 Activity sampling is a technique in which a
large number of instantaneous observations
are made over a period of time of a group of
machines, processes or workers.
process technology, feb 2014 abdulkadir sugal

27. Predetermined motion time systems
 A predetermined motion time system is a
work measurement technique whereby times
established for basic human motions
(classified according to the nature of the
motion and the conditions under which it is
made) are used to build up the time for a job
at a defined level of performance
process technology, feb 2014 abdulkadir sugal

28. End of report
process technology, feb 2014 abdulkadir sugal