Problems and Remedy of Capsule Manufacturing
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This presentation discusses capsule manufacturing and common problems. There are two main types of capsules - hard gelatin capsules and soft gelatin capsules. Hard capsules have two shells while soft capsules have a one-piece shell. Common problems in manufacturing include loss of caps, dents, cracks, telescoping, dust, empties, and more. These problems are caused by issues like high vacuum levels, misalignment, overfilling, incorrect pin sizes, and moisture transfer. Solutions include reducing vacuum, ensuring proper alignment, using the correct fill amounts and disc sizes, storing capsules properly, and replacing worn equipment.
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Encapsulation_ Problem and Remedies
Hard gelatin capsules consist of two pieces (cap and body) made of gelatin, water, and other ingredients that enclose powders, granules, or pellets. Soft gelatin capsules have a continuous gelatin shell surrounding a liquid core. Capsules offer advantages over tablets like easier swallowing, taste masking, and improved bioavailability. Capsule filling machines use various principles like dosator tubes and tamping to fill capsules to the desired weight in a multi-step automated process. Common problems in filling include capsules not entering or separating properly, weight and size variation, and dents or telescoping, which can be addressed by checking machine settings and alignment, and the properties of
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Rotary tablet press
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Tablet tooling
This document discusses tablet tooling, including terminology, types, shapes, materials, and maintenance. It defines key terms like punches, dies, bore, stem, and head. There are two main standards for tooling dimensions. The types of tooling include 'B', 'D', 'BB', and 'DB', which vary in size and suitable tablet characteristics. Dies are typically made of high carbon high chromium steel, while punches are made of oil hardened nitride steel. Proper maintenance of punches and dies can extend their life and avoid quality issues. New developments include multi-tip tooling and markings for tablet identification.
Tablet types and Excipients
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Capsules are solid dosage forms that enclose the drug substance within a soluble shell or envelope, primarily for oral delivery. There are two main types: hard gelatin capsules that contain solid medicines, and soft gelatin capsules that contain liquid or semi-solid medicines. Hard gelatin capsules are manufactured through a dipping, spinning, drying, and joining process to form two-piece capsules. Soft gelatin capsules are produced through plate or rotary die processes that fill and seal liquid-filled shells simultaneously. Both types require drying and may be polished before storage.
Pelletization
pellets can be defined as multi particulate system or multiunit system
They are spherical particulates manufactured by agglomeration of the powder granules containing drug substance and excipients.
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Tablet tooling
This document discusses tablet tooling, including terminology, types, shapes, materials, and maintenance. It defines key terms like punches, dies, bore, stem, and head. There are two main standards for tooling dimensions. The types of tooling include 'B', 'D', 'BB', and 'DB', which vary in size and suitable tablet characteristics. Dies are typically made of high carbon high chromium steel, while punches are made of oil hardened nitride steel. Proper maintenance of punches and dies can extend their life and avoid quality issues. New developments include multi-tip tooling and markings for tablet identification.
Tablet types and Excipients
Tablet excipients serve several important functions in tablet manufacturing including improving properties like flow, stability, and bioavailability. Common excipients include diluents, binders, disintegrants, and lubricants. Tablets can be classified based on their route of administration, drug delivery system, and manufacturing method. Key types include compressed, enteric coated, chewable, sublingual, and effervescent tablets. Excipients allow tablets to be designed for rapid or delayed drug release depending on the therapeutic need.
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Capsules are solid dosage forms that enclose the drug substance within a soluble shell or envelope, primarily for oral delivery. There are two main types: hard gelatin capsules that contain solid medicines, and soft gelatin capsules that contain liquid or semi-solid medicines. Hard gelatin capsules are manufactured through a dipping, spinning, drying, and joining process to form two-piece capsules. Soft gelatin capsules are produced through plate or rotary die processes that fill and seal liquid-filled shells simultaneously. Both types require drying and may be polished before storage.
Pelletization
pellets can be defined as multi particulate system or multiunit system
They are spherical particulates manufactured by agglomeration of the powder granules containing drug substance and excipients.
Pellets can be prepared by a special technique called Pelletization.
This technique is referred to an agglomeration process that convert fine powder or granules of bulk drug or excipient in to small , free flowing , spherical or semi spherical pellets .
Multi particular drug delivery system especially suitable for achieving controlled delay released oral formulation with low risk of dose dumping, flexibility of blending to attain different release patterns as well as reproducible and short gastric residence time.
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This document discusses capsule dosage forms, including hard gelatin capsules and soft gelatin capsules. It covers the definition of capsules, types of capsules and gelatin, manufacturing processes, sizes, filling techniques, and evaluation parameters. Capsules are solid dosage forms that enclose medicaments in a soluble gelatin shell. Hard capsules contain dry powders while soft capsules contain oils or active ingredients dissolved in oil. The manufacturing process for hard capsules involves dipping pins in gelatin solution to form shells, which are then dried, trimmed, and filled.
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Capsules are solid dosage forms that contain a drug enclosed within a hard or soft soluble shell, usually made of gelatin. There are two main types: hard gelatin capsules, which consist of two pieces that are joined, and soft gelatin capsules, which have a soft, one-piece shell. Capsules offer benefits like being tasteless, odorless, and easy to administer, and allow for flexible dosing. However, some drugs are not suitable for capsules due to stability issues. Capsules are manufactured through various processes depending on the type, including dipping, spinning, drying, filling, and sealing. They must pass quality tests like weight variation and content uniformity testing.
capsules
Hard and soft gelatin capsules are two types of capsules used for drug delivery. Hard capsules contain dry ingredients and disintegrate quickly once swallowed. They are made by dipping pins in gelatin solutions to form two-piece shells. Soft capsules contain liquids or semi-solids and have plasticized gelatin shells that are manufactured using plate, rotary die, or reciprocating processes. Both types of capsules are evaluated for stability, content uniformity, and disintegration time.
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Hard and soft gelatin capsules are commonly used solid oral dosage forms. Recent advancements include non-gelatin capsules made from HPMC or starch which provide alternatives for people with gelatin allergies. The manufacturing process for hard gelatin capsules involves dipping pins in gelatin solution to form shells, drying the shells, stripping them from the pins, trimming, joining, and polishing. Soft gelatin capsules are manufactured using various processes like plate, rotary die, or reciprocating die methods. Quality control checks are performed during manufacturing and evaluation includes testing for stability, content uniformity, disintegration, and dissolution.
Capsules
Hard gelatin capsules are solid dosage forms where medicinal agents are enclosed within a gelatin shell. The shell consists of two cylindrical sections (cap and body) that fit together. Empty shells are supplied to be filled later. During filling, the body is filled with drug and then closed with the cap. Soft gelatin capsules contain liquid or semi-solid fills and have a seam where the two gelatin halves are joined. They are manufactured through plate coating, rotary die, or globex processes. Filling machines orient, open, fill, seal, and eject capsules in an automated process.
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Capsule, Capsule as dosage from, presentation on capsule, complete capsule, capsule for pharma students, capsule as solid unit dosage form
Capsule, manufacturing of capsule,Soft gelatin capsule, preparation methods, ...
A complete information about types of capsule, manufacturing and preparation of capsule, Evaluation tests, package and storage of capsule.
Capsules study
Capsules are solid dosage forms that contain medicinal or inert substances enclosed within a small gelatin shell. There are two main types - hard gelatin capsules which contain powders or granules, and soft gelatin capsules which contain liquids, suspensions, or semisolids. Capsules are produced through a process involving dipping pins in gelatin solution, drying, stripping, trimming, joining, and filling. They offer advantages like taste masking and precise dosing, and are evaluated for quality through testing of content uniformity, disintegration, weight variation, and dissolution.
Soft and hard gelatin capsules
Capsules are tasteless, odorless and can easily be
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Combination of powders we can use
There are attractive in appearance.
The drugs having un-pleasant odor and taste are
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They can be filled quickly and conveniently.
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They are economical.
They are easy to handle and carry.
Capsules
This document provides information on soft and hard gelatin capsules. It discusses the classification of capsules, the components and production process of soft gelatin capsules, and the structure, manufacturing, filling principles, and sealing of hard gelatin capsules. Soft gelatin capsules are one-piece and can encapsulate liquids, while hard gelatin capsules have a separate cap and body that are filled and then sealed. The production processes aim to precisely control factors like thickness, moisture levels, and fill weight to produce high quality capsules.
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Capsules are solid dosage forms where the drug is enclosed within a shell, typically made of gelatin. There are two main types - hard gelatin capsules which contain powders, granules, or pellets and release their contents rapidly; and soft gelatin capsules which contain liquids or pastes and provide rapid release. Capsules offer advantages like masking unpleasant tastes and smells, easy swallowing, and sustained or delayed release depending on the formulation. They are manufactured through processes like dipping, spinning, drying, stripping, trimming, and joining. Finished capsules are evaluated for content uniformity, disintegration time, moisture content, and dissolution.
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This document discusses capsules, including their definition, advantages, disadvantages, types, and manufacturing process. Capsules are solid dosage forms that enclose a drug substance within a soluble shell. There are two main types: hard gelatin capsules, which contain solid medications and are available in different standardized sizes, and soft gelatin capsules, which contain liquid medications and are hermetically sealed. The manufacturing process involves mixing ingredients, filling capsules using specialized machines, and testing quality parameters like weight, content uniformity, and dissolution. Capsules provide benefits like easy administration and storage, but some drugs are not suitable due to stability issues.
Capsules
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Hard gelatin capsules
Hard gelatin capsules are solid dosage forms containing medicinal ingredients enclosed in gelatin shells. They come in two-piece hard shells or one-piece soft shells and can contain liquids, semisolids or powders. The document discusses the manufacturing process for hard capsules including production of the gelatin shell through dipping and drying, filling powder or liquid contents using various machines, and sealing. It notes advantages like masking tastes but also challenges like incompatibility with hygroscopic drugs. Various excipients, defects and special techniques are also outlined.
Capsules. Their Types, manufacturing and packaging.pdf
Capsules are solid dosage forms in which the drug substance is enclosed within either a hard or soft soluble shell, usually formed from gelatin.
The capsule may be considered a container drug delivery system that provides a tasteless and odorless dosage form without need for a secondary coating step, as may be required for tablets. Their availability in a wide variety of colors makes capsules aesthetically pleasing. Gelatin is obtained by the partial hydrolysis of collagen obtained from the skin, white connective tissue, and bones of animals.
Gelatin capsule shells may be hard or soft, depending on their composition.
Hard Gelatin Capsules
Soft Gelatin Capsules
The shells may be composed of two pieces, a body and a cap, or they may be composed of a single piece. hard-shell capsules are two piece capsules whereas soft shell capsules are one piece capsules.
Hard Gelatin Capsules:
Most capsule products manufactured today are of the hard gelatin type.
The community pharmacist also uses hard gelatin capsules in the extemporaneous compounding. The empty capsule shells are made of gelatin, sugar, and water.
Normally, hard gelatin capsules contain 13% to 16% of moisture. However, if stored in an environment of high humidity, additional moisture is absorbed by the capsules, and they may become distorted and lose their rigid shape. In an environment of extreme dryness, some of the moisture normally present in the gelatin capsules is lost, and the capsules may become brittle and crumble when handled. Therefore, it is desirable to maintain hard gelatin capsules in an environment free from excessive humidity or dryness.
Advantages for HGC:
Hard gelatin capsules often have been assumed to have better bioavailability than tablets.
Hard shell capsules allow a degree of flexibility of formulation not obtainable with tablets.
Modern capsule filling equipment makes possible the multiple filling of diverse systems such as beads, granules, small tablets and powders.
Hard gelatin capsules are ideally suited for clinical trials and are widely used in preliminary drug studies. For comparative bioequivalence studies tablets can even be hidden in capsules to ensure the test being blinded.
Disadvantages of HGC:
The number of suppliers of shells is limited.
Filling equipment is slower than tableting.
Generally, hard gelatin capsule products tend to be more costly.
Highly soluble salts (e.g., iodides, bromides, and chlorides) generally should not be dispensed in hard gelatin capsules. Their rapid release may cause gastric irritation owing to the formation of a high drug concentration in localized areas.
Manufcaturing of HGC:
Hard gelatin capsule shells are manufactured in two sections, the capsule body and a shorter cap. The two parts overlap when joined, with the cap fitting snugly over the open end of the capsule body. Some capsule shells are designed to lock in place when closed. Hard gelatin shells are manufactured by a process in which stainless steel mold pins are
Capsules and its type & evaluation.pptx
Hard and soft gelatin capsules are solid oral dosage forms where the drug is enclosed within a soluble shell made of gelatin. Hard gelatin capsules have a two-piece design where the body and cap are joined, while soft gelatin capsules are one-piece shells containing liquids or semisolids. Some key advantages of capsules are taste masking, ease of administration and manufacture, and ability to incorporate both solid and liquid drugs. The document discusses the history, components, manufacturing processes, sizes, and storage conditions of hard and soft gelatin capsules.
Capsules Manufacturing in Pharmacy .pptx
1. Capsules are solid dosage forms that enclose medications within gelatin shells. They can contain powders, liquids, or semisolids.
2. There are two main types - hard gelatin capsules that have two pieces joined together, and soft gelatin capsules that are one solid piece.
3. Capsules offer advantages like masking taste, easy administration, and low manufacturing costs. Their main disadvantage is that some liquids or solutions can dissolve the gelatin shell.
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- 1. Welcome to My Presentation Present by: Md. Shakil Sarker ID: PHA 20008 3rd Year 2nd Semester Department of Pharmacy, MBSTU Topic: Problems and Remedy of Capsule Manufacturing
- 2. Definition of Capsule Capsules are solid dosage form in which the drug is enclosed in either a hard or a soft, soluble gelatin shell.
- 3. Types of Capsule There mainly two types of Capsule. 1. Hard Gelatin Capsules 2. Soft Gelatin Capsules 1. Hard gelatin capsule ❖ Hard gelatin capsules are made of two shells: the capsule body/base and a shorter cap. ❖ Hard gelatin capsules are available in a number of sizes, which varies from 000 to 5.
- 4. Types of Capsule ❖ The shells of the hard gelatin capsule are made from mixtures of gelatin, sugar, plasticizer, water, etc. ❖ Examples of hard capsules include Amoxicilin, Tetracycline, Cephradine, Cloxacillin, etc.
- 5. Types of Capsule 2.Soft gelatin capsules ❖ Soft gelatin capsules are one-piece hermetically-sealed soft shells containing liquid, suspension or semisolid form of medicament. ❖ Soft gelatin capsules are prepared by adding a plasticizer, preservatives, color, solvent, etc to gelatin. ❖ Soft gelatin capsules come in various shapes such as spherical, elliptical, oblong etc. ❖ Examples of soft capsules include Vit E, Vit D, Vit A, Calcitonin, etc.
- 6. Problems and Remedy of Capsule Manufacturing During manufacturing, capsules may get different types of defects. Some Capsule Filling Problems and Remedies are provided below. Problems Causes Remedies Loss of cap during transfer ● High vacuum ● Misalignment of cap and body ● Reduce vacuum ● Check the alignment of the cap and body
- 7. Problems and Remedy of Capsule Manufacturing Problems Causes Remedies Dents and pinholes ● Excess closing/lock length ● Over-filling of capsules, ● Incorrect pin size or pin configuration ● Ensure the correct size disc is used ● Ensure the correct amount of dose is filled in the capsule
- 8. Problems and Remedy of Capsule Manufacturing Problems Causes Remedies Cracks in Capsules ● The transfer of moisture from the capsule shell to encapsulated components ● Misalignment of the upper and lower capsule segments ● Incorrect setting of the cap hold-down pin ● Store the capsule properly ● Make a Proper setting of pin
- 9. Problems and Remedy of Capsule Manufacturing Problems Causes Remedies Telescopic Capsules ● Misalignment of cap and body ● Closing pin not in the center of body ● Damage the rubber sheet of the closing plate ● Align cap/body bush to bush gauge. ● Check pin straightness using a gauge pin ● Wear off capsule closing units rubber
- 10. Problems and Remedy of Capsule Manufacturing Problems Causes Remedies Dusty Capsules ● Filling dusty fill. ● Use capsule polisher
- 11. Problems and Remedy of Capsule Manufacturing Problems Causes Remedies Empty Capsules ● Malfunction in capsule filling machine ● Make the sure presence of safeguards in the capsule filling machine
- 12. Problems and Remedy of Capsule Manufacturing Problems Causes Remedies Damaged band ● Badly tuned banding process, such as improper wheel height and speed, improper processing temperature, improper band thickness, and poor/bad band wheel. ● Set all the parameters accurately.
- 13. Problems and Remedy of Capsule Manufacturing Problems Causes Remedies Capsule getting damaged during loading ● Misalignment of rectifier block with bushes ● Verify visually the alignment of rectifier block with the cap/body bush
- 14. Problems and Remedy of Capsule Manufacturing Problems Causes Remedies Capsule non- separation ● Insufficient vacuum ● Leakage through filters ● Cap body bush misalignment ● Worn out bushes ● Proper capacity pump. ● Right alignment of cap and body bush ● Replace these bushes with a new one.
- 15. Problems and Remedy of Capsule Manufacturing Problems Causes Remedies Weight variation ● Wrong selection of dosing disc thickness ● Incorrect gap between dosing disc and supporting pad, tamping pin and body bush,dosing disc and wiper block, dosing disc and body bush ● Kindly select the proper dosing disc for filling of powder fully onto the capsule shell ● Correct the all the Gaps.
- 16. Problems and Remedy of Capsule Manufacturing Problems Causes Remedies Capsule lock length variation ● Excess joined length ● Improper setting of the closing plate ● Damage the rubber sheet of the closing plate ● Incorrect setting of the closing plate ● Check for the standard locking length ● Check for the gap between the closing unit rubber sheet and capsules ● Wear off of capsule closing unit rubber sheet