Describes the process,need and benefits of privatisation in a developing country ,traces its history in Pakistan and how it has befitted the state and the society.Ends with a suggested strategy of privatisation
Describes the process,need and benefits of privatisation in a developing country ,traces its history in Pakistan and how it has befitted the state and the society.Ends with a suggested strategy of privatisation
privatisation : "Though privatisation is important ,the role of public sector...Guru Aarat
this presentation is a critical evaluation of privatisation in the economy and the evaluation of the statement "Though privatisation is important ,the role of public sector cannot be ignored "
privatisation : "Though privatisation is important ,the role of public sector...Guru Aarat
this presentation is a critical evaluation of privatisation in the economy and the evaluation of the statement "Though privatisation is important ,the role of public sector cannot be ignored "
Presentation at the conference “Are We in this Together? Innovation Capture and the Role of Public-Private-Partnerships in Providing Health Care Services“
Helsinki, 8 April 2015
Cronyism: History, Costs, Case Studies and SolutionsAdam Thierer
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Economic Development
Chapter 8
Definitions of Economic Growth
Common sense definition:
Economic growth is concerned with wealth enhancement, that is, increases in financial value (or loss).
Classical definition
Economic growth is the increase in the value of goods and services produced by an economy.
It is conventionally measured as the percent rate of increase in real gross domestic product, or GDP.
A couple of perspectives on real GDP growth:
Notes: See the effect of the Great Recession; see how China and India are the largest contributors to economic growth but the US is also a major contributor
Economic Growth & Quality of Life
Economic growth is a very important factor related to quality of life in society, but it is not the sole important factor.
Other important factors include:
Democratic equality
Equality under the law
Equal opportunity (e.g., for education, employment, etc.)
The environment
Quality of public spaces, and so on
Economic Development
Economic development refers to the concerted efforts of government, business, and communities to promote economic growth, but also the overall economic and social well-being of people in a specific area.
Question
As defined by the text, economic growth and economic development define two separate aspects of well being; economic growth refers solely to the financial aspects of social well being and economic development refers solely to the non-financial elements of social well being.
True
False
Government policies and actions related to economic development: three areas
Overall policy framework to enhance market stability and sustainable growth (e.g., tax policies)
Economic policies and practices to enhance employment, increase the tax base, and improve people’s level of living (e.g., business retention practices)
Programs and projects that provide critical infrastructure and services (e.g., affordable housing programs)
Theories of growth and economic development
Classic growth theory: Smith’s three factors—land, labor, and capital; underlying notion that capital will move to where land and labor are cheaper in a dynamic economic environment
Neoclassical economic theory: It is critical to reduce all barriers to the free flow of capital and a moderate or small government in terms of services is preferred
Question
A typical example of classical economic principles is when low-end manufacturing or services not reliant on location shift from one country to another based on labor costs.
True
False
Location theory
In contrast to classic and neoclassic growth theory (which focuses on the proper running of the overall economic system), location theory seeks to explain growth in terms of ALL the factors that contribute to it from a LOCATIONAL (or bottom-up) perspective.
Examples of factors that affect local economic growth:
Costs of transportation—distance from suppliers and markets where applicable
Storage c ...
Strategic Management Mission and Vision Statement ppt_02Masroor Soomro
Corporate Strategy or Strategic Management
Concepts and Cases by Fred R. David,
Francis Marion University, Florence, South Carolina, &
Forest R. David,
Strategic Planning Consultant
Corporate Strategy or Strategic Management
Concepts and Cases by Fred R. David,
Francis Marion University, Florence, South Carolina, &
Forest R. David,
Strategic Planning Consultant
Corporate Strategy or Strategic Management
Concepts and Cases by Fred R. David,
Francis Marion University, Florence, South Carolina, &
Forest R. David,
Strategic Planning Consultant
Corporate Strategy or Strategic Management
Concepts and Cases by Fred R. David,
Francis Marion University, Florence, South Carolina, &
Forest R. David,
Strategic Planning Consultant
Corporate Strategy or Strategic Management
Concepts and Cases by Fred R. David,
Francis Marion University, Florence, South Carolina, &
Forest R. David,
Strategic Planning Consultant
Corporate Strategy or Strategic Management
Concepts and Cases by Fred R. David,
Francis Marion University, Florence, South Carolina, &
Forest R. David,
Strategic Planning Consultant
Corporate Strategy or Strategic Management
Concepts and Cases by Fred R. David,
Francis Marion University, Florence, South Carolina, &
Forest R. David,
Strategic Planning Consultant
Corporate Strategy or Strategic Management
Concepts and Cases by Fred R. David,
Francis Marion University, Florence, South Carolina, &
Forest R. David,
Strategic Planning Consultant
Corporate Strategy or Strategic Management
Concepts and Cases by Fred R. David,
Francis Marion University, Florence, South Carolina, &
Forest R. David,
Strategic Planning Consultant
Corporate Strategy or Strategic Management
Concepts and Cases by Fred R. David,
Francis Marion University, Florence, South Carolina, &
Forest R. David,
Strategic Planning Consultant
Corporate Strategy or Strategic Management
Concepts and Cases by Fred R. David,
Francis Marion University, Florence, South Carolina, &
Forest R. David,
Strategic Planning Consultant
Management Styles and Employee Performance: A Study of a Public Sector Compan...Masroor Soomro
Abstract: This research investigated that do management styles have any significant effect over employee performance with HR being an intervening variable, a trend setter or culture molder in the organization and judging its impact over employee performance of Sui Southern Gas Company (SSGC) limited, which is an organization with diversified backgrounds and cultures of working people having different norms and values. Keeping the problem statement in the mind four hypotheses were proposed including autocratic and MBWA management styles. Culture has significant effect over employee performance with respect to autocratic and MBWA management styles. There is significant difference between employee perceived performance and HRIS employee performance record. The target population with sample size of 158 E-grade officer as respondents were provided questionnaire. Tests of Multiple Linear Regression (MLR) and Paired Sample T-test showed that two of proposed hypotheses were accepted and two were rejected. Hence, autocratic management styles do affect employee performance while management has to work hard to establish a good governing norms and values. This helpsto mold its new management styles and culture and set new image of the organization and generate productive results.
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RMD24 | Debunking the non-endemic revenue myth Marvin Vacquier Droop | First ...BBPMedia1
Marvin neemt je in deze presentatie mee in de voordelen van non-endemic advertising op retail media netwerken. Hij brengt ook de uitdagingen in beeld die de markt op dit moment heeft op het gebied van retail media voor niet-leveranciers.
Retail media wordt gezien als het nieuwe advertising-medium en ook mediabureaus richten massaal retail media-afdelingen op. Merken die niet in de betreffende winkel liggen staan ook nog niet in de rij om op de retail media netwerken te adverteren. Marvin belicht de uitdagingen die er zijn om echt aansluiting te vinden op die markt van non-endemic advertising.
Premium MEAN Stack Development Solutions for Modern BusinessesSynapseIndia
Stay ahead of the curve with our premium MEAN Stack Development Solutions. Our expert developers utilize MongoDB, Express.js, AngularJS, and Node.js to create modern and responsive web applications. Trust us for cutting-edge solutions that drive your business growth and success.
Know more: https://www.synapseindia.com/technology/mean-stack-development-company.html
Enterprise Excellence is Inclusive Excellence.pdfKaiNexus
Enterprise excellence and inclusive excellence are closely linked, and real-world challenges have shown that both are essential to the success of any organization. To achieve enterprise excellence, organizations must focus on improving their operations and processes while creating an inclusive environment that engages everyone. In this interactive session, the facilitator will highlight commonly established business practices and how they limit our ability to engage everyone every day. More importantly, though, participants will likely gain increased awareness of what we can do differently to maximize enterprise excellence through deliberate inclusion.
What is Enterprise Excellence?
Enterprise Excellence is a holistic approach that's aimed at achieving world-class performance across all aspects of the organization.
What might I learn?
A way to engage all in creating Inclusive Excellence. Lessons from the US military and their parallels to the story of Harry Potter. How belt systems and CI teams can destroy inclusive practices. How leadership language invites people to the party. There are three things leaders can do to engage everyone every day: maximizing psychological safety to create environments where folks learn, contribute, and challenge the status quo.
Who might benefit? Anyone and everyone leading folks from the shop floor to top floor.
Dr. William Harvey is a seasoned Operations Leader with extensive experience in chemical processing, manufacturing, and operations management. At Michelman, he currently oversees multiple sites, leading teams in strategic planning and coaching/practicing continuous improvement. William is set to start his eighth year of teaching at the University of Cincinnati where he teaches marketing, finance, and management. William holds various certifications in change management, quality, leadership, operational excellence, team building, and DiSC, among others.
VAT Registration Outlined In UAE: Benefits and Requirementsuae taxgpt
Vat Registration is a legal obligation for businesses meeting the threshold requirement, helping companies avoid fines and ramifications. Contact now!
https://viralsocialtrends.com/vat-registration-outlined-in-uae/
RMD24 | Retail media: hoe zet je dit in als je geen AH of Unilever bent? Heid...BBPMedia1
Grote partijen zijn al een tijdje onderweg met retail media. Ondertussen worden in dit domein ook de kansen zichtbaar voor andere spelers in de markt. Maar met die kansen ontstaan ook vragen: Zelf retail media worden of erop adverteren? In welke fase van de funnel past het en hoe integreer je het in een mediaplan? Wat is nu precies het verschil met marketplaces en Programmatic ads? In dit half uur beslechten we de dilemma's en krijg je antwoorden op wanneer het voor jou tijd is om de volgende stap te zetten.
Kseniya Leshchenko: Shared development support service model as the way to ma...Lviv Startup Club
Kseniya Leshchenko: Shared development support service model as the way to make small projects with small budgets profitable for the company (UA)
Kyiv PMDay 2024 Summer
Website – www.pmday.org
Youtube – https://www.youtube.com/startuplviv
FB – https://www.facebook.com/pmdayconference
At Techbox Square, in Singapore, we're not just creative web designers and developers, we're the driving force behind your brand identity. Contact us today.
Recruiting in the Digital Age: A Social Media MasterclassLuanWise
In this masterclass, presented at the Global HR Summit on 5th June 2024, Luan Wise explored the essential features of social media platforms that support talent acquisition, including LinkedIn, Facebook, Instagram, X (formerly Twitter) and TikTok.
LA HUG - Video Testimonials with Chynna Morgan - June 2024Lital Barkan
Have you ever heard that user-generated content or video testimonials can take your brand to the next level? We will explore how you can effectively use video testimonials to leverage and boost your sales, content strategy, and increase your CRM data.🤯
We will dig deeper into:
1. How to capture video testimonials that convert from your audience 🎥
2. How to leverage your testimonials to boost your sales 💲
3. How you can capture more CRM data to understand your audience better through video testimonials. 📊
3.0 Project 2_ Developing My Brand Identity Kit.pptxtanyjahb
A personal brand exploration presentation summarizes an individual's unique qualities and goals, covering strengths, values, passions, and target audience. It helps individuals understand what makes them stand out, their desired image, and how they aim to achieve it.
Discover the innovative and creative projects that highlight my journey throu...dylandmeas
Discover the innovative and creative projects that highlight my journey through Full Sail University. Below, you’ll find a collection of my work showcasing my skills and expertise in digital marketing, event planning, and media production.
The world of search engine optimization (SEO) is buzzing with discussions after Google confirmed that around 2,500 leaked internal documents related to its Search feature are indeed authentic. The revelation has sparked significant concerns within the SEO community. The leaked documents were initially reported by SEO experts Rand Fishkin and Mike King, igniting widespread analysis and discourse. For More Info:- https://news.arihantwebtech.com/search-disrupted-googles-leaked-documents-rock-the-seo-world/
Search Disrupted Google’s Leaked Documents Rock the SEO World.pdf
Privatization and Pakistan
1. Concepts
John Maynard Keynes,
Milton Friedman, Nobel Prize
in Economics, 1971
“We have government of the
people, by the bureaucracy,
for the bureaucracy.”
one of the most influential
economists of the 20th century.
“"His radical idea that governments
should spend money they don't have
may have saved capitalism.“ Times
Magazine, 1999
2. Privatization
Purpose of Study
The purpose of this study is to identify policies and
parameters that should be considered when any
governmental entity is planning to undertake
some type of privatization process.
3. Scope of Privatization Study
The purpose of this study is to identify those
parameters and policy issues to be considered in
connection with proposals to transfer federal,
state, or local government services, assets, and/or
function to the private sector. It will review the
stated goals and the community impact of such
transfers and identify strategies to ensure
transparency, accountability, and preservation of
the common good.
4. Concepts
Privatization: The Public Policy Debate
Privatization is a movement to deregulate private
industry and/or transfer many government
services, assets and functions to the private sector.
5. Definition of Privatization
Classic
Total transfer of assets and authority from the
government sector to the for profit or nonprofit sector
Purposes: Shrink government; Reduce risk and cost
Reason: Often a response to economic downturn; Ideology
6. Definition of Privatization
Modified
Private sector provision of a service once/also provided
by government along with private sector funding
(Proprietary colleges)
Private sector provision of a service with public sector
funding (Direct funding for a private college; Private
trash collection paid for by tax revenue)
Public sector provision of a service with private sector
funding (Student tuition at public colleges)
9. Privatizing Actions
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
deregulating – reducing regulations (often used as a defining
characteristic of privatization),
contracting with the private sector to purchase a service (road
construction),
establishing incentives to encourage the private sector to
provide a service,
abandoning or shedding of services,
reducing demand for a service,
establishing quasi-public organizations (government
enterprise, charters),
establishing separate corporations - profit and nonprofit
(authority),
supplying temporary help on the part of the private sector,
10. •
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
issuing vouchers (K-12 education),
issuing waivers,
selling or giving away government owned assets,
establishing franchises,
leasing,
subsidizing or making available grants to the private sector,
relying on user fees rather than tax dollars to fund a service
(hunting licenses),
discontinuing subsidies to public entities (almost doing this
with public higher education in Colorado),
providing joint funding,
establishing public/private partnerships, and
setting up consumer self-help processes, or using volunteers
11. History
Shift from central control to less central control – late
1960s/early 1970s
End of “regulatory capitalism” (Yergin 1998, 8) –
regulatory backlash
Reducing the size of government
Revitalizing entrepreneurial spirit
Restoring influence of market forces
Reducing taxes
12. Attributes Attached to
Public Entities
Part of state
Geographic boundaries
Public action
Public welfare
Public as beneficiaries
Public accountability
Base on certain principles: e.g., Equality,
Security, Fairness, Safety
13. Attributes Attached to Private
(nonprofit and for profit) Entities
Part of the economy
No boundaries except those self imposed
Private action/Operated by individuals
Individual freedom
Privately held assets
Benefits individuals
14. What should the government do?
Public Safety
Defense
Justice
Protect public health/environment
Education
Ensure democracy
Other?
15. David Begg, Stanley Fischer and Rudiger Dornbusch, Economics,
6th Edition, McGraw-Hill, 2000
Power Point presentation by Peter Smith
17. Price
occurs when there is an industry with such economies of scale
relative to market demand that only one firm can survive.
Pm
Pc
MR
Qm
The monopoly would produce
where MC=MR, with output
Qm and price Pm.
The firm makes profits
as shown.
From society's point of
LAC
view the optimum position
LMC is at PcQ',
DD
where MSB = MC.
but the monopoly would make
Q'
Quantity
a loss if forced to produce at
this point, with LAC > AR.
19.17
18. Price
Alternative pricing policies:
Pc
(1) Average cost pricing:
Firm sets P=LAC at point G;
deadweight loss reduced
to GHE.
(2) Two-part tariff:
Firm makes a fixed charge
G
LAC
to cover the loss made by
LMC
E
DD producing at Q' (the pink
MR H
rectangle), and a variable
Q'
charge related to marginal
Quantity
cost.
19.18
19. Nationalization
Another possibility is to nationalize the industry and
provide a subsidy to cover the loss
as was popular in Europe in 1945-80
If nationalized industries make losses, this does not
prove they are failing to minimize costs or produce at
the socially efficient output
but incentives may be a problem.
19.19
20. Reasons for nationalization
Natural monopoly
Externalities
e.g. subsidizing public transport (London
Underground) may be a second-best option to road
pricing.
Equity or distributional consequences
e.g. protecting transport in rural areas
Co-ordinating a network
e.g. British Rail could have an overview of the whole
rail system
19.20
21. Reasons for privatization
Improve incentives for production efficiency
makes managers accountable to shareholders.
but sheltered monopolies will be sleepy no matter who
owns them
so privatization will be most successful where there is
potential for competition.
Pre-commitment by government not to interfere for
political reasons
19.21
22. Privatization in practice
At 1997 prices, almost £67billion was raised in
revenue from privatization in 1980-97.
In terms of widening share ownership, effects
were limited
The Private Finance Initiative (PFI) is claimed as
an innovative way of drawing on private-sector
expertise to finance and manage public projects
such as roads and hospitals.
19.22
23. Regulation
Privatization does not remove the need for
regulation
In the UK, regulation has been through pricecapping
privatized industries are not permitted to raise
prices beyond RPI-X
I.e. real prices must fall.
Regulatory capture occurs when the regulating
body comes to identify with the interests of the
firm it regulates
eventually becoming its champion rather than its
watchdog.
19.23
Editor's Notes
See Section 19-1 of the main text, and Figure 19-1.
See Section 19-1 of the main text, and Figure 19-1
Notice also that two-part tariff pricing was also discussed in chapter 11 in the context of "the information economy".
This in discussed in Section 19-1 of the main text.
See Section 19-2 of the main text.
See Section 19-3 in the main text.
See Section 19-4 in the main text.
See Section 19-5 of the main text. Regulatory capture is discussed in Section 19-1.