Describes about the meaning of public policy, need and importance of public policies, recent public policies in india, weakness of public policies and remedies to overcome the public policy problems

1. Prof. Shrinivas
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Public Policies

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3. Meaning
Public policy is the principled guide to action
taken by the administrative executive
branches of the state with regard to a class of
issues, in a manner consistent with law and
institutional customs.
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4. Public policies in India
 Energy
 Waste management
 Retail
 Gender
 Education
 Health
 Water
 Environment
 Food
 Real estate
 Pharmaceutical
 Finance
 ICT
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5.  Public policy is a course of action adopted
and pursued by a government.
 Public: it comprises domain of human activity
which is regarded as requiring governmental
interventions or common actions
 Policy: a purposive course of action taken or
adopted by those in power to pursuit certain
goals and objectives
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6. Government’s public policy role
Public policy
A plan of action undertaken by government officials to
achieve some broad purpose affecting a substantial
segment of a nation’s citizens.
 Public policy inputs shape a government’s policy
decisions and strategies to address problems.
 Public policy goals can be broad and high-minded nor
narrow and self-serving.
 Governments use public policy tools involving
combinations of incentives and penalties to prompt
citizens to act in ways that achieve policy goals.
 Public policy effects are the outcomes arising from
government regulation.
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7. Types of public policy
Fiscal policy
Refers to patterns of government taxing and
spending that are intended to stimulate or support
the economy.
Monetary policy
Refers to policies that affect the supply, demand,
and value of a nation’s currency.
Social assistance policies
Examples include health care and education.
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8. Government regulation of business
Regulation
The action of government to establish rules by
which business or other groups must behave. It
is a primary way of accomplishing public policy.
Reasons for regulation
 Market failure
 Natural monopolies
 Ethical rationales
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9. Types of regulation: Economic
Economic regulations
Aim to modify the normal operation of the free
market and the forces of supply and demand.
 Control prices or wages
 Allocate public resources
 Establish service territories
 Set the number of participants
 Ration resources
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10. Types of regulation: Social
Social regulations
Aimed at such important social goals as protecting
consumers and the environment and providing
workers with safe and healthy working conditions.
 Pollution laws
 Safety and health laws
 Job discrimination laws applicable to businesses
 Consumer protection laws that apply to all relevant
businesses producing and selling consumer goods
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11. Social regulation examples
 Consumer Product Safety Commission sets
strict rules for children’s consumables.
 The Environmental ProtectionAgency sets
limits on the amounts of sulfur dioxide that
can be emitted into the air from the
smokestacks of power plants.
 The NHAI requires new cars to be equipped
with air bags, seatbelts, and other protective
gear.
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12. The role of public policy in
governing business
 When new public policies are created, there
are generally three key things involved in the
process: the problem, the player and the
policy.
 The problem is the issue that needs to be
addressed, the player is the individual or
group that has to be addressed, and the
policy is the finalized course of action.
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13.  The rational model for the public policy
making process can be typically divided into 3
steps: agenda setting, option formulation,
and implementation.
 Government officials or the agencies meet to
discuss the problem at the end.
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14.  Economic policy :
• Economic policy is of vital importance that
affects the business.
• It deals with the tools that the government
uses to manage the economy or solve
economic problems
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15.  Social welfare policy:
The nation that the government is responsible
for its citizens is a relatively new idea. Social
welfare policy is implemented through many
programs designed to improve
health,education,housing,employment.
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16. Government and public policy
 A policy is typically designed as principle or
rule to guide decisions and achieve rational
outcomes.The term is not normally used to
denote what is actually done, this is normally
referred to as either procedure or protocol.
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17. Classification of public
policy
Policies may be classified in many different ways:
 Distributive policies:
Distributive policies extend goods and services to
members of a system, as well as distributing the
cost of the goods/services amongst the
members of the system.
Examples include government policies that impact
spending for welfare, public education, highways
and public safety or a professional organization’s
benefit plan.
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18.  Regulatory policies: Regulatory policies or
mandates, limit the discretion of individuals
and agencies, or otherwise compel certain
types of behavior.These policies are generally
thought to be best applied when good
behavior can be easily defined and bad
behavior can be easily regulated and
punished through fines or sanctions.
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19.  Constituent policies:
It creates executive power entities or deal with
laws, it also deals with fiscal policy in some
circumstances.
 Miscellaneous policies:
Polices are dynamic they are not just static lists
of goals or laws. Policy blueprints have to be
implemented, often with unexpected results.
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20. Important public policies of
India
UDAY(Ujwal Discom AssuranceYojana)
 It aims to improve financial and operational
efficiencies of power distribution companies.
 UDAY has incentives in the scheme to
encourage state governments to restructure
their debts.
 Recently, RBI has released UDAY bonds
worth 1Lakh crore ,on behalf of 8
states.UDAY bonds fetch Rs.99,000 crore
Ministry:-Power and Coal.
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21. 2. Make In India
 Under it ,the main focus is on simplifying
procedures to improve ease of doing business in
India ,IPR protection, focus on various sectors to
encourage domestic manufacturing industries
,opening new sectors for FDI etc.
 It aims to increase share of manufacturing
industry in GDP from current 16% to 25% by
2025, with key focus on defence, infrastructure
etc.
Ministry:-DIPP(Department of Industrial Policy &
Promotion)
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22. 3.Skill India
 As per labour report ,2014,only 2-3% Indians
have got formally skill training which is v.low
vis-à-vis S.Korea ,Japan etc. Improving it, is
one of key targets of Skill India mission.
 Govt. aims to skill 40 crore people by 2022
through PM KaushalVikasYoajana.
Ministry:-Mini. Of Skill Development .
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23. 4.Namami Gange
 To make Ganga pollution free by involving
ULBs and PRIs and common people.
 Program has outlay of 20k crore for next 5
years.
Ministry:-Water, Ganga Rejuvenation
ministry.
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5.Digital India
 It's key pillars are broadband highways into rural
areas, Public internet access, E-governance,Zero
import of electronics by 2020,creating IT jobs etc.
Ministry:-Communications and IT.
6.HRIDAY-(Heritage Development and Augmentation
Yoajana)
 A flagship scheme of GoI ,focused on revitalising 12
heritage cities of India.
Ministry:-Urban Development .

25. 7.Pradhan Mantri Ujjwala
Yojana.
 It aims to provide free LPG to 5 crore BPL
families in next three years ( 1.5 crore families
in current fiscal year).
 It will reduce no. of deaths being caused by
smoke from wood, dung etc.
Ministry:- Petroleum and Gas.
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8.Mission Indradhanush.
 It aims to cover all unvaccinated children/partially vaccinated to
prevent them from 7 diseases-Polio,Tetanus, Diphtheria ,Cough,
T.B., Measles, Hepatitis B.
Ministry :-Health.
9.Beti Bachao- Beti Padhao.
 It aims to stop declining sex ratio in 100 worst districts of country
,though 61 more districts have been recently added .
 Scheme aims to promote gender equality ,significance of
educating girls by promoting girls education .
Ministry :-HRD+Women Development + Health .

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10.Stand Up India
•To promote entrepreneurship among SC/STs andWomen.
•Under scheme, every bank branch will fund two projects each, which will
benefit at least 2.5 lakh borrowers with next 3 years.
Ministry:-Finance.
11. Sagar Mala project
•By Sagar Mala initiative govt. wants to modernise ports, improve their
efficiency.
•It will lead to addition of 100 million tonnes of capacity to existing
capacity of major ports.
•Recently, Maritime India Summit,1st of it's kind, was organised in
Mumbai to attract investments in the shipping sector.
Ministry:- Shipping

28. 12. Soil Health Card
• Scheme will provide a soil health card to
every farmer ,which will carry info. about
condition of soil by descriptive terms and
indicators .
• Card will carry crop-wise recommendation of
fertilisers required for farm land and crops
Ministry:- Agriculture
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29. Need for business policy
 Business policy defines the scope or spheres
within which decisions can be taken by the
subordinates in an organization.
 It permits the lower level management to
deal with the problems and issues without
consulting top level management every time
for decisions.
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30. Features of business policy
 Specific
 Clear
 Reliable
 Appropriate
 Simple
 Inclusive
 Flexible
 Stable
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31. Elements of public policy
 A public policy is an action by a government
that affects public welfare. It includes:
1. Laws
2. Rules and regulations
3. Programs(welfare, Medicare) and practices
4. Specific policy changes
5. At international, national, state and local
levels
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32. Corporate and public policy
 Generally, companies react to issues after
they have been brought to light. Corporations
should have policies in place that identifies
their views on issues and willingness to stand
behind those views.This is known as
corporate public policy
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33. Planning and implementing
corporate public policy
 The adoptions of a corporate public policy
agenda involves 5 steps.
 Scan the environment
 Assess organizational assets meaning that once
social trends have been identified, the company
must figure out how it can address that trends
and whether it has the ability to do so with its
current assets
 The third step is to set the policy
 The fourth step is to implement the policy
 The fifth step is to measure the results
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34. Framing of public policy
Public policy is created by legislation. It is
generally defined as the principles or
standards regarded by legislature, or the
courts, as being of fundamental concern to
the state and the whole of society.
 How is public policy framed?
It is formulated with active involvement on the
part of interest groups whose members do
not seek election.
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35.  It comprises of expert and panel to make final
judgment
 Based on the feedback or opinion of the
expert committee the public policy is framed
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36. Levels of public policy
 The below is the public policy cycle:
1. Agenda setting: problems are defined and
issues are raised. Gate keepers filter out
those which will be given attention by either
the executive or the legislative branches
2. Formulation: analysis and politics
determines how the agenda item is
translated into an authoritative decision.
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37. 3. Implementation-the authorized policy must be
administered and enforced by an agency of govt.
the agency must take instructions as stated in
the policy, but will probably be called upon to
provide missing pieces and to make judgments
as to intent, goals, timetables
4.Budgeting:
Financial resources must be brought to beat within
an ongoing annual stream of budget cycles.
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38.  5. Evaluation-the impact of the policy may
be assessed . If goals exist, the effectiveness
of the policy and its components can be
determined.The feedback provided by
evaluation is injected back to the agenda
setting and frame new policies
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39. Weaknesses in India's Public
Policy making
 Excessive Fragmentation inThinking and
Action
 Excessive overlap between policy making
and implementation
 Lack of non-governmental inputs and
informed debate
 Lack of systematic analysis and integration
prior to policy-making
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40. Reforming Institutional
Structures and Processes
 Reduction in fragmentation
 Separation of policy-making from
implementation and de-centralising
implementation authority
 Widening and enhancing the knowledge
base used in policy-making and promoting
integration and synthesis
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